Domenico Trezzini: biography ntawm thawj tus kws kos duab ntawm St
Domenico Trezzini: biography ntawm thawj tus kws kos duab ntawm St

Video: Domenico Trezzini: biography ntawm thawj tus kws kos duab ntawm St

Video: Domenico Trezzini: biography ntawm thawj tus kws kos duab ntawm St
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Thawj tus kws kos duab ntawm St. Petersburg Domenico Andrea Trezzini tau nyob ntev heev. Nyob rau hauv Russia, nws nrhiav tau ib lub teb chaws tshiab, lub npe thiab tsev neeg. Nws tsim ib tug xov tooj ntawm architectural qauv tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub Northern capital uas cuam tshuam rau Lavxias teb sab architecture nyob rau hauv dav dav. Thiab niaj hnub no, nws lub npe feem ntau tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv phau ntawv teeb meem, qhov twg cov menyuam kawm ntawv nkag siab txog "peb compasses Pyotr Lopushin thiab Domenico Trezzini yuav." Tab sis biography ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse yog ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm.

Domenico Trezzini
Domenico Trezzini

Tsis tshua paub txog lub neej thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txog thaum yau ntawm Domenico Trezzini. Nws yug los hauv Swiss lub zos me me ntawm Astano, tsis deb ntawm Lugano, Tessinsky Canton, xyoo 1670, hnub tsis paub meej. Cov tsev neeg tuaj ntawm Italian cov nom tswv uas ib zaug nyob hauv lub nroog Trezzini. Thaum tus tub yug los, nws niam nws txiv nyob hauv Switzerland thiab muaj ib tug heevkev nplua nuj. Tab sis tsev neeg txaus siab rau lawv cov keeb kwm, thiab tsev neeg lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm Fabkis St. Andrew's Cross tau muab tso rau saum rooj nkag mus rau lawv lub tsev.

Kev Kawm

Txawm hais tias tsev neeg ntawm Domenico Trezzini tsis muaj nyiaj, lawv tseem txiav txim siab muab tus menyuam kawm ntawv. Lub canton ntawm Tessina, qhov twg ntau tus neeg los ntawm Ltalis nyob, tau nto moo rau nws cov tsev kawm kos duab thiab kos duab. Kwv yees li 150 tus kws tsim qauv zoo nkauj hauv Tebchaws Europe tau tawm ntawm thaj chaw no. Yog li ntawd, tsev neeg Trezzini luv luv puzzled txog dab tsi txoj hauj lwm muab lawv tus tub. Thaum nws kawm tiav hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv hauv zos, nws niam nws txiv txiav txim siab tias Domenico yuav tsum tau kawm txuas ntxiv mus kom tau qhov chaw zoo. Lub sijhawm ntawd, Ltalis yog qhov chaw ntawm kev kawm vaj tsev, muaj ob qhov chaw ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv rau cov kws kos duab: Rome thiab Venice. Txij li thaum Venice nyob ze thiab pheej yig dua, qhov kev xaiv poob rau nws. Domenico tau mus kawm ib txoj haujlwm hauv lub nroog no hauv dej thiab ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd tau txais cov ntaub ntawv xav tau lees paub nws qhov kev tsim nyog. Tam sim no txhua yam kuv tau ua yog nrhiav haujlwm.

peter lopushin thiab domenico trezzini
peter lopushin thiab domenico trezzini

Caw los ntawm Russia

Tsis muaj haujlwm rau Domenico Trezzini hauv Ltalis thiab hauv nws haiv neeg Switzerland. Lub sijhawm no, tus vajntxwv Danish Christian V tau pib tsim kev tsim kho loj - nws npaj los tsim kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig Copenhagen. Thaum Domenico tab tom mus rau Denmark, muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm lub hwj chim thiab tus huab tais tshiab Frederick lub Plaub tsis xav ntiav Trezzini. Tab sis Domenico txawm li cas los xij nrhiav tau ib qho chaw thiab ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim kho lub fortifications.cov khoom siv rau 4 xyoos. Nyob rau hauv cov hnub ntawd, kev sib koom ua tub rog tau xaus ntawm Denmark thiab Russia, thiab ntau tus neeg hauv tebchaws Lavxias nyob hauv Copenhagen thiab tab tom nrhiav cov kws tshaj lij los siv Peter the Great. Lavxias Ambassador Andrey Izmailov tau tham nrog ib tug novice architect, ib tug kws tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv fortifications. Trezzini tau cog lus tias yuav tau nyiaj hli siab, "txiav" thiab nce nyiaj tom qab nws "qhia nws cov duab." Tag nrho cov no tau dhau los ua ntau tshaj qhov kev ntxias, thiab tus kws kos duab hluas tau pom zoo mus rau lub teb chaws txawv xws li Russia.

dominico trezzini nyob rau hauv St Petersburg
dominico trezzini nyob rau hauv St Petersburg

Kev tiv thaiv

Russia xav tau kev tiv thaiv sai los tiv thaiv nws ciam teb los ntawm Swedes. Tab sis tsis muaj cov kws tshaj lij ntawm qhov profile hauv lub tebchaws, yog li cov neeg sawv cev koom nrog cov kws tsim vaj tsev thiab cov kws ua haujlwm txawv teb chaws. Xyoo 1703, Domenico Trezzini tau tawm ntawm dej los ntawm Copenhagen mus rau Arkhangelsk. Tom qab ntawd nws tau mus rau qhov chaw yug ntawm St. Petersburg thiab tau nyob hauv Greek thaj chaw. Ntau tus neeg txawv teb chaws nyob ntawm no thiab, raws li kev nco txog ntawm ib tiam neeg, tsis muaj leej twg zoo dua Trezzini tuaj yeem daws lawv cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb thiab teeb meem. Thawj qhov project uas tau tso siab rau tus kws tsim qauv yog Fort Kronshlot hauv cov dej ntawm Gulf of Finland. Nws nquag tuav tswj kev ua haujlwm thiab ob peb lub hlis, txawm tias qhov txias txias rau tus kws tsim qauv thiab cov lus tsis paub, nws pab neeg tuaj yeem tsim lub fort. Nws yog ib qho txawv txawv rau Lavxias teb sab kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev tsim kho ua rau muaj kev tsis ntseeg ntau. Txawm li cas los xij, thawj zaug tawm tsam los ntawm Swedes pom tias lub fort yog tiv thaiv thiab qhov nonce Trezzini nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm Peter lub Great. Nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm yeej nyob rau hauv Narva, Peter txiav txim siab los tsim lub Triumphal rooj vag nyob rau hauv lub Roman kev lig kev cai. Nws tso txoj haujlwm no rau Trezzini. Lub rooj vag muaj zog thiab pem hauv ntej ntawm Trezzini tau lub npe hu ua "Peter's", lawv tau los ua ib qho chaw rau Lavxias teb sab riam phom thiab Lavxias teb sab Tsar yeej nyiam lawv. Thiab nws hais kom Trezzini rov qab mus rau qhov chaw ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm St. Petersburg thiab pib tsim lub fortress.

Domenico Trezzini tus kws kes duab vajtse
Domenico Trezzini tus kws kes duab vajtse

Peter thiab Paul Fortress

Kev ua haujlwm tau ua tiav ntawm Hare Island tau ntau xyoo - Peter thiab Paul Fortress tau tsim. Domenico Trezzini raug xa mus los hloov tus thawj tswj hwm kev tsim kho tuag, Saxon engineer Johann Kirchenstein. Los ntawm lub sijhawm no, cov phab ntsa ntoo tseem ceeb twb tau txhim tsa lawm, tus kws ua haujlwm tshiab yuav tsum ua kom tiav kev tsim kho vaj tse ntawm Lub Nroog Island, ua haujlwm ntxiv dag zog rau cov phab ntsa, nrhiav txoj hauv kev los txo cov nthwv dej ntawm lub fortifications thaum dej nyab thiab sieges. Domenico tau tso thawj lub pob zeb hauv lub hauv paus ntawm cov phab ntsa cib thiab koom nrog kev tsim kho. Tom qab ntawd, nws yuav hu Peter thiab Paul Fortress lub tsev loj ntawm nws lub neej. Los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Peter, lub rooj vag tau tsa nyob rau hauv lub fortress "raws li lub Narvs", phab ntsa raug tsa, hmoov khw thiab barracks tau ua. Tag nrho cov no yog ua tiav heev soundly thiab monumentally. Tus huab tais feem ntau mus xyuas qhov chaw tsim kho thiab txaus siab rau nws txoj kev vam meej. Trezzini ntxiv dag zog rau nws txoj haujlwm ntawm lub tsev hais plaub Lavxias.

Domenico Trezzini attractions
Domenico Trezzini attractions

Trezzini thiab Northern Capital

Tom qab ua tiav cov haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub fortress ntawm Domenico Trezzini, biographyuas tam sim no mus ib txhis txuas nrog Russia, tau txais ib qho kev txiav txim rau kev npaj ntawm thaj chaw nyob ntawm lub nroog. Muaj ob peb lub tsev ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, tab sis cov duab kos tau hais txog qhov dav thiab qhov dav ntawm txoj kev npaj. Thaum pib ntawm tus kws kos duab ua haujlwm poob rau lub sijhawm "ntoo" ntawm lub nroog, qhov no tsis tso cai rau tus tswv kom pom nws lub peev xwm, tom qab tag nrho, nws tau siv los xav thiab tsim hauv pob zeb. Ntau thiab ntau lub luag haujlwm raug muab rau nws, uas nws tau ua nrog lub luag haujlwm loj. Tab sis Peter tsis ua raws li nws cov lus cog tseg, nws yeej tsis tau tsa cov nyiaj hli ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse, txawm tias thaum pib nws tau cog lus tseg. Tab sis Trezzini tsis yws yws, txawm hais tias qee zaum nws chimidly thov kom nce nyiaj. Tus kws kes duab vajtse yuav ua haujlwm rau kev npaj ntawm Peter thiab Paul Fortress mus txog thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej. Tab sis, ntxiv rau qhov no, tsar tau tso siab rau nws nrog lwm txoj haujlwm npaj hauv nroog, uas tus kws ua haujlwm tau daws nrog kev hwm. Thawj, tsis yog tub rog project ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse yog lub tsev teev ntuj hauv lub fortress. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau pib koom nrog kev tsim vaj tsev thiab siv ntau lub zog thiab kev xav rau hauv kev teeb tsa ntawm sab qaum teb lub peev.

Maria Carlotta Tus Poj Niam Dominico Trezzini
Maria Carlotta Tus Poj Niam Dominico Trezzini

Peter thiab Paul Cathedral

Hauv xyoo 1712, Domenico Trezzini pib ua haujlwm ntawm Peter thiab Paul Cathedral, es tsis yog lub tsev teev ntuj ntoo. Zoo li qhov project ntawm pob zeb fortress, lub tsev teev ntuj tau los ua ib lo lus tshiab hauv Lavxias teb sab architecture. Cov hauj lwm loj heev raug muab rau lub tuam tsev: nws yuav tsum tau ua ib lub cim ntawm Russia tshiab, lub plawv ntawm St. Lub tsev teev ntuj tseem yog lub tsev siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog mus txog rau xyoo 2012 thiab tseem yog lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm St. Architecturally, lub cathedralkiag li Western European kev tsim kho. Nws cov tsos yog nruj thiab nruj, qhov tseem ceeb feature yog ntau-tiered tswb pej thuam. Tag nrho cov splendor yog nyob rau hauv lub cathedral. Ntawm no yog nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntxa imperial thiab ib tug zoo kawg nkaus gilded iconostasis. Sab hauv yog reminiscent ntawm cov luxurious tshaj plaws ceremonial halls ntawm lub vaj ntxwv chambers. Trezzini muaj peev xwm embody Peter lub tswv yim nyob rau hauv pob zeb - hais txog kev siv zog rau lub hwj chim thiab siab ntawm tus ntsuj plig.

Vasilyevsky Island

Tus Kws Lij Choj Domenico Trezzini hauv 1715 tsim ib txoj kev npaj rau kev txhim kho tsis tu ncua ntawm Vasilyevsky Island. Feem ntau ntawm cov tsev raws li nws cov qauv tsim tsis tau khaws cia, tab sis lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev npaj tau zoo ib yam. Peter xav tso lub quarter tswj hwm ntawm nws tsoomfwv tshiab ntawm cov kob thiab hais kom Trezzini npaj thaj chaw rau qhov no. Niaj hnub no, lub tsev ntawm Twelve Collegia, tsim los ntawm Trezzini, yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm Petrine baroque, tus progenitor uas yog Lavxias teb sab architect ntawm Swiss-Italian keeb kwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li nws txoj haujlwm, Gostiny Dvor tau ua rau ntawm cov kob, uas tseem tsis tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no.

Peter thiab Paul fortress Domenico trezzini
Peter thiab Paul fortress Domenico trezzini

Nyob hauv tsev

Peter the Great tau hais kom tus kws tsim qauv tsim thawj lub tsev pob zeb rau lub neej thiab nyob hauv nws tus kheej "piv txwv." Lub tsev nyob rau ntawm lub embankment ntawm Vasilyevsky Island thiab tau los ua ib tug "txoj haujlwm project", nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm lub tsev ntawm St. Petersburg tom qab nqa tawm rau ntau xyoo. Nws yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm Petrine baroque, uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov phiaj xwm tsis tu ncua, kev sib raug zoo, kev sib txuas ntawm cov lus txiav txim nrog cov ntsiab lus baroque, kev coj ncaj ncees thiab kev ncaj ncees.sab nrauv kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov tsev. Lub tsev tom qab tau hloov kho me ntsis, tab sis txawm tias niaj hnub no nws yog ib qho khoom dai ntawm University Embankment.

Lub tsev hauv St. Petersburg

Domenico Trezzini ua ntau lub tsev nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, ib co ntawm lawv tseem tsis tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no. Tab sis koj tuaj yeem pom qhov dav ntawm tus kws kos duab lub peev xwm hauv Peter thiab Paul Fortress, nyob rau hauv kev npaj ntawm Vasilyevsky Island thiab, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws embankment, nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov Palace ntawm Peter lub Great nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov Garden, nyob rau hauv lub complex ntawm lub complex. Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Nyob rau hauv 1726, nws pib nthuav lub caij ntuj no Palace ntawm Emperor Peter ntawm lub caij ntuj no Canal, ua lub tsev thib ob ntawm lub palace. Trezzini kuj tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim thiab kev tsim kho ntawm Galley Harbor.

Trezzini lub hwj chim ntawm Lavxias teb sab architecture

Lavxias teb sab kev npaj hauv nroog tau cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau tus kws kos duab txawv teb chaws, suav nrog Domenico Trezzini. Lub sights ntawm St. Petersburg feem ntau tau txais lawv lub ntsej muag precisely ua tsaug rau nws lub tswv yim. Nws resolutely pib tsim nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab av nyob rau hauv lub European kev lig kev cai. Nws, ntawm chav kawm, kawm Lavxias teb sab qauv ntawm architecture, tab sis nws zoo heev hloov lawv. Thiab niaj hnub no, qhov tseeb tias St. Petersburg zoo li European feem ntau yog vim Trezzini. Nws kuj tau coj tus kws kes duab vajtse Lavxias zoo tshaj M. Zemtsov, uas tau ua ntau yam rau kev txhim kho kev tsim vaj tsev hauv tsev thiab cov tsos ntawm St. Petersburg.

Monument rau Domenico Trezzini
Monument rau Domenico Trezzini

Lub neej ntiag tug

Trezzini tau sib yuav peb zaug. Thawj zaug nws tau sib yuav yog ntawm txoj kev los ntawm Venice mus rau Switzerland. Nyob rau hauv kev sib yuav, nws muaj peb tug ntxhais. Tab sis nws tsis coj nws tus poj niam nrog nws mus rau Russiacoj. Tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi paub txog tus poj niam thib ob ntawm tus kws tsim qauv, tab sis hauv kev sib yuav no nws tus tub uas tos ntev ntev Peter (Pietro) tau yug los, uas nws txiv yawg koob yog Emperor Peter the Great. Tom qab ntawd, Pietro yuav dhau los ua tus kws tsim qauv thiab tseem yuav ua haujlwm hauv Russia, nrog M. Zemtsov. Qhov kev sib yuav thib peb yog qhov ntev tshaj plaws thiab muaj kev vam meej tshaj plaws rau tus kws kos duab. Maria Carlotta - tus poj niam ntawm Domenico Trezzini, uas nyob nrog nws mus txog rau thaum kawg ntawm nws hnub, yug tau tus architect tus ntxhais thiab plaub tug tub.

cuab yeej cuab tam thiab nco

Hnub no, 16 lub tsev ntawm D. Trezzini hauv St. Petersburg tau muaj txoj sia nyob, tab sis nws cov keeb kwm tseem ceeb yog kev teeb tsa ntawm Vasilyevsky Island thiab tsim cov duab ntawm sab qaum teb lub nroog. Tab sis cov Russians tsis xav ua tsaug ntau, thiab lub npe ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse tau dim ob peb nthwv dej ntawm oblivion. Thawj qhov tshwm sim tom qab nws tuag thiab kav yuav luag 100 xyoo. Nws tau nco txog thaum lawv pib kho keeb kwm ntawm qee lub tsev St. Tom qab ntawd lawv tsis nco qab txog nws dua li 30 xyoo. Ib tug surge ntawm kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv nws tshwm nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog lub creation ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Art. Thiab dua nws lub npe mus rau hauv oblivion rau plaub xyoo lawm. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, nws tseem nco ntsoov, nws style thiab constructive daws tau kawm. Niaj hnub no Trezzini lub npe yog sau nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov phau ntawv nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab architecture. Txawm hais tias, txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Russia rov pib hnov qab nws lub npe. Pom tau tias, txhawm rau kho qhov tsis ncaj ncees, muaj teeb meem tshwm sim hauv tsev kawm ntawv phau ntawv qhia lej, uas Petr Lopushin thiab Domenico Trezzini ua kev yuav khoom. Yog li, pom tseeb, txoj haujlwm tau raug daws los txhawb kev txaus siab ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws thiab nws cov kab lis kev cai. Txawm hais tias qhov pom tseeb zoo ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse, nyob rau hauv Russia mus txog rau thaumTxog rau tam sim no, tsis muaj ib txoj kev, lossis ib lub xwmfab, lossis ib txoj kev tseem muaj npe rau nws. Thaum nws nyob hauv tsev hauv Switzerland, qhov chaw nws nyob tsuas yog 17 xyoo, txoj kev loj hauv nroog tau muaj npe tom qab nws. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, lub tswv yim tau sawv los txhim tsa ib lub monument rau Domenico Trezzini nyob rau sab qaum teb lub nroog. Thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 2014 nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, thaum kawg, ib tug monument tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse zoo. Niaj hnub no, Trezzini cov kev tsim yog ib feem ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ua thaum kawm Lavxias teb sab architecture, vim hais tias tsis muaj nws lub ntsej muag ntawm St. Petersburg thiab Russia yuav txawv.

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