2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Cov neeg txawv teb chaws tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov vaj tsev zoo nkauj ntawm Moscow thiab St. Tab sis Giuseppe Bova tsis tuaj yeem hu ua qhua ntawm Russia. Nws tau koom nrog lub neej hauv lub tebchaws thiab muab nws tus ntsuj plig tso rau hauv nws lub tsev.
Osip Ivanovich Bove: luv luv biography
Lub npe tiag tiag ntawm tus kws kos duab yog Giuseppe Bova, txawm hais tias nws yug hauv St. Petersburg (1784). Ib haiv neeg ntawm Ltalis yog nws txiv, tus neeg pleev kob Neapolitan Vincenzo Giovanni Bova. Tom qab ntawd, tus tub hluas pib hu ua Lavxias teb sab - Osip. Thaum nws tseem yog menyuam yaus, tsev neeg tsiv mus rau Moscow. Nws yuav muab tag nrho nws lub zog thiab tej txuj ci rau lub nroog no. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 18 xyoo, Bove nkag mus rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv kom paub txog kev kos duab ntawm architecture raws li kev qhia ntawm Francesco Camporesi. Tom qab kawm tiav, txoj haujlwm loj hlob ntawm tus tub hluas tau tshwm sim sai heev. Raws li ib tug pab architect, nws muaj hmoo ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv xws li zoo masters li Rossi thiab Kazakov.
Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm 1812, Osip Ivanovich Bove tau los ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm cov neeg ua tub rog. Hmoov zoo, thaum tsov rogkev ua, nws tsis raug mob thiab tom qab demobilization raug xaiv los ntawm architectural commission rau lub restoration ntawm Moscow raws li lub taub hau ntawm "facade ib feem". Ntawm plaub ntu ntawm lub nroog, Beauvais tau txais lub hauv paus. Arbatsky koog tsev kawm ntawv, Presnensky, Tverskoy, Gorodskoy thiab Novinsky - tus kws kes duab vajtse muab ib feem ntawm lub nroog saib uas muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no. Nws tsim Red thiab Theatre Square, Alexander Garden - peb lub ntsiab architectural ensembles ntawm lub nroog qhov chaw. Tsis tas li ntawd, Bove tau koom nrog kev txhim kho facades ntawm cov tsev nyob hauv kev ua tsov rog tom qab Moscow thiab kev tsim kho lub tsev teev ntuj.
Raws li tus kws tsim qauv, Beauvais tau txais kev lees paub zoo thaum nws lub neej thiab tsis xav tau dab tsi. Nws muaj nyiaj, koob meej thiab ib tsev neeg uas hlub tshua. Tej zaum tsuas yog qhov uas nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav yog qhov xwm txheej ntawm tus kws tshaj lij, vim qee qhov laj thawj nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav txoj haujlwm ntawm Academy of Arts. Feem ntau, nws yog lub sijhawm tsis muaj sijhawm. Muaj cov txuj ci zoo li no, nws tsis zoo li Bove yuav tsis tuaj yeem tsim ib qhov project rau lub tsev ua yeeb yam (xws li, qhov no yog txoj haujlwm). Nws tuag thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1834, luv luv ntawm nws hnub yug 50 xyoo. Tus kws kes duab vajtse tau faus rau ntawm lub toj ntxas ntawm Donskoy Monastery, uas nws tau tsim lub tsev teev ntuj thaum nws lub neej.
Red Square
Tom qab tsov rog, ib feem ntawm lub xwmfab raug rhuav tshem, thiab lwm qhov chaw tau los ntawm cov tub lag luam. Tus kws kos duab hluas Beauvais tau kho cov phab ntsa puas ntawm lub Kremlin thiab rov qab los ntawm Nikolskaya Ntauwd nrog rau Qhov Rooj Sawv Rov Los. Nws tau txiav txim siab tshem tawm cov khw ntiag tug hauv lub tsev ntawm Trade Rows. Lub tsev nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm classicism nrog ib tug elegant portico tseem adorns lub nroog center thiab tam sim nonpe GUM. Lub fortifications ntawm av, nrog rau cov moat nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa, raug puas ntsoog, thiab ib tug boulevard tau ua nyob rau ntawm lub tom kawg.
Ib me ntsis tom qab, thawj lub nroog monument tau tsa ze ze ntawm St. Basil's Cathedral - ib lub monument rau Minin thiab Pozharsky los ntawm Martos. Lub xwmfab ua ntej tsov rog muaj qhov sib txawv kiag li, thiab nws cov tsos tam sim no yog qhov zoo ntawm Beauvais nkaus xwb.
Alexander Garden
Nws tau txiav txim siab ntxiv tsob ntoo ntsuab rau cov phab ntsa liab. Lub vaj Kremlin, los yog, raws li nws yog tam sim no hu ua, Aleksandrovsky, noticeably enlivened qhov chaw ntawm lub peev. Raws li Bove lub tswv yim, nws yog ib qho chaw ua si ib txwm muaj nrog cov duab zoo nkauj thiab cov pavilions me. Qee tus ntawm lawv tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no, piv txwv li, Italian grotto. Txhawm rau tsim lub tiaj ua si, lub txaj ntawm Neglinka River uas ntws los yuav tsum tau muab coj mus rau hauv av. Nws yog Ameslikas npaj siv nws los tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm lub pas dej, tab sis lub tswv yim tsis pom qhov tseeb.
Moob
Lwm tus kws kes duab vajtse tau koom nrog hauv kev kos duab ntawm qhov chaw. Beauvais saib xyuas nws qhov kho kom zoo nkauj thiab kos duab kos duab. Nws tsim lub tsev Betancourt xyoo 1817. Tus qauv tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd yog qhov tshwj xeeb thiab tsis muaj analogues hauv ntiaj teb. Lub tsev tau npaj rau kev tawm dag zog ntawm cov tub rog thiab hu ua Exerzirgauz, lossis Lub Tsev rau Kev Kawm. Qhov chaw sab hauv yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj hampered regimental maneuvers. Thiab nws muaj peev xwm los tsim cov qauv zoo li no! Hauv ib chav uas tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa sab hauv thiab tag nrho cov kabmob tau poob rau ntawm phab ntsa, 2000 tus neeg tuaj yeem yooj yim haum.
Hauv xyoo 1824, Beauvais tau tsim ib txoj haujlwm rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm qhov chaw tom qab kev tsim kho me ntsis. Nws yuav tsum tau kho cov phab ntsa nrog cov tub rog armor, qhia txog kev yeej, lub hwj chim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub xeev. Plastering ua hauj lwm tau nqa tawm, lub tsev yog decorated nrog stucco. Decorations ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm legionary paraphernalia yog tsau rau ntawm phab ntsa. Nws tau npaj los kho cov cam khwb cia hlau siab hauv cov qhov muag tsis pom ntawm cov phab ntsa, tab sis lawv yeej tsis muab pov tseg.
Theatre Square
Lub Tsev Ua Yeeb Yam Petrovsky, uas tau siv rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Bolshoi, hlawv ua ntej ua tsov ua rog, xyoo 1805. Thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1816 nws tau txiav txim siab los hloov lub square. Nws yuav tsum tau tsim ib lub tsev ua yeeb yam tshiab thiab nteg ib lub square square nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws. Ntawm sab xis thiab sab laug, lub xwmfab raug kaw los ntawm lub hauv ntej facades ntawm lub tsev, thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws saib ntawm nws yuav tsum tau qhib los ntawm Kitay-gorod.
St. Petersburg neeg nyob Andrey Mikhailov tsim lub Bolshoi Theatre. Beauvais tau saib xyuas txoj haujlwm thiab hloov pauv tseem ceeb rau cov duab kos. Nws txo tus nqi ntawm kev tsim kho, kho qhov loj ntawm lub tsev ua yeeb yam yav tom ntej hauv kev sib raug zoo rau thaj tsam thiab ib puag ncig. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg tau raug khaws cia, thaum tib lub sijhawm lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev ua tiav thiab cov khoom zoo nkauj tau ntxiv dag zog.
Zoo li Manege, Bolshoi Theatre tau tsim los ua kom lub nroog uas yeej tsov rog. Majestic classical style tau pab txhawb rau qhov no hauv txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws. Ib pawg sculptural piav txog Apollo ntawm lub tsheb loj tau teeb tsa rau ntawm lub portico. Nws tau ua los ntawm alabaster thiab rhuav tshem los ntawm hluav taws hauv xyoo 1853. Tom qab ntawd nws tau hloov nrog ib tug muaj pes tsawg leeg los ntawm Klodt. Nws rov zoo li qubzaj, tab sis yog loj dua thiab dynamic.
Kev qhib kev ua yeeb yam tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1825. Cov neeg tuaj saib hauv lub thawv tau qhuas. Nws yog ib qho kev yeej tsis yog rau pawg ua yeeb yam nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj rau tus kws kos duab nws tus kheej.
Triumphal Gates
Tsis zoo li Manege lossis Bolshoi Theatre, Arc de Triomphe yog ib txoj haujlwm Beauvais kiag li. Kev tsim kho tau npaj rau ntawm qhov nkag mus rau Moscow los ntawm St. Petersburg kev taw qhia ze Tverskaya Zastava. Nws siv li ob xyoos nkaus xwb rau kev kos duab thiab kos duab, thiab hauv 1829 qhov kawg version tau pom zoo. Ib txhais tes ntawm cov nyiaj rub tawm tau muab pov rau hauv lub hauv paus "rau hmoov zoo" thiab muab lub phaj tooj liab ua kev nco txog.
Pob zeb los ntawm Samotechny Canal thiab Tatar "marble" los ntawm ib lub zos ze Moscow tau siv hauv kev tsim kho. Sculptural compositions yog ua los ntawm cam khwb cia hlau los ntawm sculptors Timofeev thiab Vitali. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog cam khwb cia raws li sketches uas tus kws kes duab vajtse nws tus kheej tsim. Vim muaj kev cuam tshuam nyiaj txiag, kev tsim kho siv sijhawm 5 xyoos, thiab kev qhib lub monument tau tshwm sim thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1834.
Kuv yuav tsum hais tias lub rooj vag Triumphal niaj hnub ntawm Kutuzovsky Prospekt yog qhov rov ua dua. Cov thawj coj tau raug rhuav tshem ib puas xyoo tom qab lawv tau tsim los ua ib feem ntawm kev kho dua tshiab ntawm lub xwmfab. Kev ntsuas, kos duab thiab yees duab tau ua nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav rov qab kho lub koov ntawm Belorussky railway chaw nres tsheb. Cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj tau raug xa mus rau cov tsev khaws khoom cia. Thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, cov cam khwb cia hlau loj loj tau yaj mus rau qhov kev xav tau hauv ntej, tsuas yog ib qho tau txais kev cawmdim. Tab sis ua tsaug rau cov duab kos thiab cov seem tseem muaj sia nyob hauv xyoo 1968, lub koovrov qab los ntawm Kutuzovsky Prospekt ib sab ntawm Borodino Battle panorama.
tsev kho mob
Kev mob siab rau nws lub nroog, tus kws kos duab Beauvais tau ua haujlwm tsis yog ntawm cov tsev loj, tab sis kuj nyob rau thaj chaw uas npaj rau cov neeg zoo tib yam. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog lub tsev kho mob Gradskaya nyob rau hauv Kaluga outpost cheeb tsam. Beauvais pib ua haujlwm ntawm nws cov duab kos hauv xyoo 1828. Lub tsev loj loj nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm classicism, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog "kos npe" portico, qhib nws lub qhov rooj rau Muscovites xav tau kev pab.
Rau qhov kev pab zoo ntawm cov neeg mob, tus kws tsim vaj tsev tau muab cov tsev teeb pom kev zoo. Cov phab ntsa tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov bas-liefs, qee qhov tau muaj sia nyob mus txog niaj hnub no.
Osip Ivanovich Bove hloov lub tsev Gagarins mus rau lwm qhov - Catherine's - tsev kho mob. Kev ua haujlwm tau pib xyoo 1825. Txawm li cas los xij, ob lub tsev kho mob tsuas yog qhib rau xyoo 1833. Lub sijhawm ntawd, lawv muaj lub hauv paus zoo tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia.
tuam tsev
Ntawm cov tsev teev ntuj ua los ntawm Bove, ib tug tuaj yeem nco ntsoov lub Koom Txoos Intercession, lub Koom Txoos St. Nicholas hauv Kotelniki, lub Koom Txoos ntawm Lub Neej-Giving Trinity nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Danilovsky Monastery. Raws li ib feem ntawm kev tsim kho tsev kho mob, ob lub tsev teev ntuj tau tsim nyob ze lawv. Nyob rau hauv 1822, ib tug zoo kawg nkaus lub tsev teev ntuj tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Arkhangelsk, fwm rau lub meej mom ntawm Archangel Michael. Lub tsev teev ntuj rotunda nyob rau hauv Empire style yog ua los ntawm cib. Peb-tiered tswb pej thuam tau crowned nrog ib tug siab spire. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau khaws cia zoo thiab tsis ntev los no tau rov qab los.
Church of Michael the Archangelcov neeg poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog nws heev uas nrog cov nyiaj sau los ntawm cov parishioners, lwm tus tau tsa raws li tib sketch. Nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Pekhra-Pokrovskoye stands "ntib" ntawm lub Archangel lub tsev teev ntuj - lub Intercession lub tsev teev ntuj. Nws yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov qauv los ntawm cov qauv xim dawb thiab xiav.
Apartment buildings
Raws li tus kws tsim qauv tsim lub luag haujlwm rau lub facades ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog tom qab Moscow, Osip Ivanovich Bove tsis tuaj yeem tab sis cuam tshuam rau qhov pom ntawm cov vaj tsev zoo tib yam. Nyob rau hauv nws kev coj noj coj ua, kev sau ntawm phau ntawv hu ua "Albums ntawm cov haujlwm ua piv txwv" tau muab tso ua ke. Cov lus pom zoo thiab cov piv txwv ntawm yuav ua li cas cov tsev ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ntau cov chav hauv nroog yuav tsum zoo li tau muab rau ntawm no. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv qhov yog, coj los ntawm koj tus saj thiab kev nplua nuj.
Ua tsaug rau Beauvais, lub nroog tsev loj tau yug los ua lub tsev tshiab kiag li. Lub tsev chav tsev tau tsim los rau cov tub lag luam: pem teb sab saud tau tshwj tseg rau cov tswv, thiab hauv pem teb hauv qab tuaj yeem ua rau cov khw thiab khw.
Osip Ivanovich Bove tshuav tom qab ib qho cuab yeej cuab tam uas muaj nuj nqis. Lub sights ntawm Moscow yog inextricably txuas nrog nws lub npe. Tuaj saib thiab saib koj tus kheej!
Pom zoo:
Daim ntawv teev cov phau ntawv nthuav qhia rau menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus. Daim ntawv teev cov phau ntawv nthuav: fantasy, detectives thiab lwm yam
Zaj lus yuav muaj txiaj ntsig rau cov neeg ntawm txhua lub hnub nyoog uas xav npaj lawv lub sijhawm so los ntawm kev nyeem cov duab kos duab. Cov npe ntawm cov phau ntawv nthuav dav suav nrog cov menyuam yaus cov dab neeg, cov dab neeg taug txuj kev nyuaj, cov dab neeg tshawb nrhiav, kev npau suav, qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas yuav zoo siab txawm tias cov neeg nyeem zoo tshaj plaws
Ntawm Ukrainian kws sau ntawv thiab kws sau paj huam. Daim ntawv teev cov neeg sau ntawv Ukrainian niaj hnub
Ukrainian cov ntaub ntawv tau los ntev heev kom mus txog qib uas muaj nyob rau tam sim no. Cov kws sau ntawv Ukrainian tau pab txhawb thoob plaws lub sijhawm los ntawm xyoo pua 18th hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Prokopovich thiab Hrushevsky rau cov neeg sau ntawv niaj hnub xws li Shkliar thiab Andrukhovych
Teen cov ntaub ntawv: cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib hom ntawv. Daim ntawv teev cov phau ntawv nthuav
Nws tsis muaj qhov zais cia tias cov ntaub ntawv muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev tsim cov tub ntxhais hluas. Ib tug menyuam yaus uas nyeem ntau yam sib txawv thaum kawg tau txais nws tus kheej saib ntawm lub ntiaj teb, pom ntau yam ntawm txoj hmoo thiab lub sijhawm. Nws tsis yog qhov xwm txheej uas cov tub ntxhais hluas cov ntaub ntawv muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov kws sau ntawv thiab cov kws qhia ntawv, txij li thaum muaj hnub nyoog no cov lus nug zoo siab tau nug thawj zaug, kev hlub thawj zaug paub, thiab lwm yam xwm txheej tshwm sim uas ua rau kom nkag siab txog lub ntiaj teb no txawv
Daim ntawv teev cov neeg tshawb nrhiav zoo tshaj plaws (cov phau ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st). Qhov zoo tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab thiab txawv teb chaws detective phau ntawv: ib daim ntawv teev. Detectives: ib daim ntawv teev cov kws sau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws
Cov kab lus sau cov neeg tshawb nrhiav zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov kws sau ntawv ntawm hom kev ua txhaum cai, uas nws cov haujlwm yuav tsis tso tseg tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm tus kiv cua ntawm kev ua yeeb yam
Hoffmann: ua haujlwm, ua tiav daim ntawv teev npe, kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov phau ntawv, cov ntawv luv luv ntawm tus kws sau ntawv thiab cov ntsiab lus nthuav dav hauv lub neej
Hoffmann cov haujlwm yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev nyiam romantic hauv German style. Nws feem ntau yog ib tug kws sau ntawv, tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj yog ib tug tshuab raj thiab artist. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov neeg niaj hnub tsis nkag siab txog nws tej hauj lwm, tab sis lwm tus neeg sau ntawv tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Hoffmann, piv txwv li, Dostoevsky, Balzac thiab lwm tus