Vyacheslav Shishkov: biography, ua hauj lwm. Vyacheslav Yakovlevich Shishkov: novels "Vataga", "Gloomy River"

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Altai. Ntawm no, ntawm ntug dej ntawm Katun River, sawv ib lub monument rau tus poj Lavxias teb sab, tus kws sau ntawv Soviet V. Ya. Shishkov. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm qhov chaw tsis yog xwm txheej. Cov neeg nyob hauv Altai Territory ua tsaug rau tus sau, uas hu nkauj ntawm Siberia, tsis yog rau nws txoj kev koom tes zoo rau Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv, tab sis kuj rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Chuya tract project.

Shishkov Vyacheslav Yakovlevich - kws sau ntawv thiab kws ua haujlwm. Hnub no yuav los tham txog zaj no.

Nyob rau hauv 1873, nyob rau peb lub kaum hli ntuj, nyob rau hauv lub me me lub zos ntawm Bezhetsk, ib tug me nyuam tub Vyacheslav Shishkov yug los nyob rau hauv ib tug tub lag luam tsev neeg, uas txhua leej txhua tus nyob rau hauv lub tsev yuav hu tsuas yog Vestenka. Nws tsis paub los ntawm leej twg lub peev xwm ntawm tus kws sau ntawv tau pauv mus rau nws, tab sis ib yam yog qhov tseeb: nws txiv, Yakov Dmitrievich Shishkov, instilled nyob rau hauv nws ib tug hlub rau kos duab thiab txhua yam zoo nkauj, uas, txawm nws txoj hauj lwm, lub npe hu ua ib tug. tus txiv neej ntawm zoo artistic xwm thiab passionately hlub ua yeeb yam thiab opera. Nws yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas Vyacheslav Shishkov siv nws thaum yau tag nrho.

Youth

Xyoo 1887, nyob rau hauv nws lub zos, nws kawm tiav qib rau,chav kawm kawg thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev kawm txuj ci hauv nroog Vyshny Volochek, uas nyob hauv tib lub xeev Tver. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab plaub xyoos ntawm kev kawm, nws yog lub sijhawm tawm ntawm lawv lub tebchaws thiab mus rau Novgorod, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau lub xeev Vologda rau kev xyaum ua ob xyoos.

Tus tub hluas thaum ntawd tsuas muaj kaum cuaj xyoo xwb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tub ntxhais hluas Vyacheslav Shishkov ua qhov nyuaj ob lub lis piam mus ncig raws tus dej Pinega ua ke nrog John ntawm Kronstadt, uas tsis tuaj yeem tab sis tso lub cim ci rau nws tus plig.

Ua haujlwm

Hauv xyoo 1894 qhov kev coj ua tiav lawm. Lub sijhawm tab tom los txog rau kev ua haujlwm hnyav dua, thiab Vyacheslav Shishkov, tsis muaj hesitation, mus rau Tomsk, mus rau kev tswj hwm ntawm cheeb tsam railway, thawj zaug sim nws tus kheej ua tus kws tshaj lij. Nws ua txhua yam zoo kawg nkaus. Tab sis nws tsis nres qhov ntawd thiab ua tiav qhov kev xeem, uas ua rau nws muaj cai los koom nrog nws txoj haujlwm tshawb fawb ntxiv.

Siberia thiab thawj cov ntawv tshaj tawm

Los ntawm 1894 txog 1915 Shishkov Vyacheslav Yakovlevich coj ntau qhov kev mus ncig hauv Siberia. Nws tau mus ncig no thaj chaw loj ntawm Russia thiab hla, av thiab dej, raws li Pinega, Yenisei, Lena, Northern Dvina, Vychegda, Sukhona. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm muaj txiaj ntsig, nws tab tom tsim ib qhov project rau lub npe nrov Chuisky. Qhov no tsis yog hais tias kev taug kev ntev li no tsis txaus ntshai. Taiga yog majestic, zoo nkauj thiab hnyav tib lub sijhawm. Tau ntsib nrog nws tus cwj pwm nyuaj thiab engineer Vyacheslav Shishkov. Muaj ib hnub nwsthiab cov tswv cuab ntawm nws ntoj ke mus ze ze rau kev tuag nyob rau hauv lub impenetrable hav zoov. Tungus nomads cawm lawv.

Ntxiv rau kev tshawb nrhiav thiab tshawb pom thaj av tshiab thiab txoj kev hauv dej, tus tub hluas saib xyuas tau kawm txog lub neej thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv zos - Yakuts, Kirghiz, Irtysh Cossacks, xav paub txog lub neej ntawm cov miners kub, kev tawm tsam nom tswv thiab cov tib neeg. vagants. Thiab tag nrho cov no tawm tsam lub backdrop ntawm regal xwm. Nws puv nrog kev xav ntawm qhov nws tau hnov thiab pom, nws pib sau. Nws sau ntau heev, tau xya xyoo, tab sis nws tsis kam qhib nws tus kheej rau lub ntiaj teb, ntseeg tias nws cov tis tseem tsis tau loj hlob. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1908 nws tau luam tawm thawj zaug nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm "Young Siberia" thiab "Siberian lub neej".

Meet M. Gorky

Thawj tus menyuam yaus, tab sis tseem ua tiav cov txheej txheem sau ntawv tau thawb peb caug yim-xyoo-laus tus kws tshawb fawb thiab tus kws tshaj lij V. Shishkov tig mus rau Maxim Gorky rau kev pab thiab lus qhia. Nws sau nws ib tsab ntawv nrog kev cia siab tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm cov lus teb, uas nws thov kom nyeem ob zaj dab neeg - "Kralya" thiab "Vanya Khlyust", thiab muab nws qhov kev ntsuas.

Gorky tsuas tuaj yeem nyob twj ywm tsis txaus siab rau cov txuj ci ntawm tus kws sau ntawv hluas, rau nws tus cwj pwm ntxim nyiam, uas tau ntsib ntau yam hauv nws xyoo. Nws txiav txim siab los pab nws thiab coj, raws li Shishkov nws tus kheej sau, mus rau "Vajtswv lub teeb", uas yog, nyob rau hauv lub tshiab magazine "Zavety", nws ua hauj lwm heev heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, ua tsaug rau nws tus neeg saib xyuas "omnipotent" yav tom ntej, tus kws sau ntawv tshiab "Gloomy River" tau ntsib nrog cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd xws li Mikhail Prishvin, V. Mirolyubov, A. Remizov, R. Ivanov-Razumnik, M. Averyanov, uas nquag pab nws hauv nws txoj kev loj hlob.

Txiv

Nyob rau xyoo 1915, Tomsk, Siberia, thiab nrog lawv tag nrho cov qub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm raug tso tseg. Vyacheslav Shishkov, uas nws biography yeej tsis tso tseg rau amaze thiab amaze, tsiv mus rau St. Petersburg mus rau devote nws lub neej rau cov ntaub ntawv. Ntawm no nws raug ntes los ntawm cov xwm txheej ntxhov siab uas ua raws li ob xyoos tom qab - kev hloov pauv thiab kev ua tsov rog hauv zej zog, uas nws zoo siab tos txais.

Txij li xyoo 1918, cov voj voog ntawm nws cov dab neeg thiab cov ntawv sau tau luam tawm ib los ntawm ib qho: "Nrog Knapsack", "Rau Zoo Siab", "Taiga Hma", "Fresh Cua" thiab ntau lwm tus. Qhov nyuaj thiab qee zaum tsis sib haum xeeb Siberian tus cwj pwm yog lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm tag nrho nws cov haujlwm. Ntawm no, nyob qhov twg koj maj, muaj riddles, impenetrable hav zoov thiab thawj zoo nkauj nyob txhua qhov chaw. Tshawb nrhiav ib puas xyoo, tab sis koj tsis tuaj yeem pom qhov kawg thiab ntug, zoo li koj tab tom taug kev hla taiga.

Vyacheslav Shishkov: ua haujlwm ntawm lub xyoo tom qab tsov rog

txoj hmoo ntawm tus kws sau ntawv yog qhov xav tsis thoob. Nws dim lub cev qhuav dej ntawm tsarist Russia, lub kiv puag ncig, lub xyoo nyuaj ntawm kev tsov kev rog, kev tshaib kev nqhis, kev puas tsuaj, tsim ib tug tshiab Soviet Russia, lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog. Tau kawg, tag nrho cov xwm txheej no tau tshwm sim hauv tus kws sau ntawv txoj haujlwm.

Nyob rau xyoo 1923, cov ntawv tshiab (Vyacheslav Shishkov) "Vataga" tau luam tawm, uas, raws li cov neeg thuam, tus sau sim nkag siab txog tus ntsuj plig ntawm tsis yog ib tus neeg, tab sis tag nrho cov neeg, cov neeg coob coob, uas nyob rau qee lub sijhawm poob kev coj noj coj ua. Tab sis, raws li lawv hais, ib qho chaw dawb huv yeej tsis khoob. Cov cuab yeej qub tau hloov los ntawm ib qho tshiab - anarchy, uas nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaubib tug yuav tsum coj. Thiab tam sim no ib tug tshiab cim tshwm nyob rau hauv lub scene - lub anarchist Zykov, uas pib tsim ib tug tshiab haiv neeg, ib txwm, ntawm cov ntshav thiab tsis kam lees txhua yam uas muaj. "Vataga" yog, ib tug yuav hais, phau ntawv ceeb toom.

Hauv xyoo 1928, txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Vyacheslav Shishkov, "Tus Dej Hiav Txwv", muaj ob ntu, tau yug los. Muaj tseeb, qhov thib ob ntim tawm me ntsis tom qab - hauv xyoo 1933. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub tshiab yog Prokhor Gromov, uas npau suav ntawm tsis tsuas yog tsim nws capitalist lub teb chaws Ottoman nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm Siberia, tab sis kuj kov yeej lub teb chaws loj heev, tsis rhuav tshem nws, tab sis merged nrog nws ua ke nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav hnov, nqus tag nrho nws cov av. immensity thiab kev zoo nkauj. Txawm li cas los xij, thaj av no tsis tso tseg yooj yim. Nws sim nws, muab kev phooj ywg, kev mob siab rau, kev hwm, kev hlub pauv rau kub, kev lees paub thiab lub yeeb koob. Tus protagonist ua tsis tau qhov kev xeem. Thaum nws pom zoo, raws li nws zoo nkaus li rau nws, cov xwm txheej zoo, qhov kawg tsis tuaj yeem tuaj sai sai: mob, insanity thiab kawg tuag. Cov haujlwm muaj ntau yam piav qhia txog xwm txheej, kev kub ntxhov ntawm tus dej Gloomy, Siberian lub neej, Tungus cov lus dab neeg thiab kab lig kev cai.

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Vyacheslav Shishkov yog keeb kwm epic tshiab "Emelyan Pugachev". Nws sau los ntawm 1938 txog 1945. Nws tsis cuam tshuam nws txoj hauj lwm txawm tias thaum lub sij hawm thaiv Leningrad, thaum lub sij hawm uas nws txuas ntxiv sau cov kab lus patriotic thiab cov dab neeg luv luv hauv cov ntawv xov xwm.