Alexander Rodchenko: lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Alexander Mikhalovich Rodchenko, tus tsim qauv thiab tsim qauv, tau siv nws lub neej tag nrho hauv kev muaj tswv yim nrhiav. Nws tsis tas yuav pom kev nkag siab nrog lub xeev, thiab tom qab ntawd stagnation tau teeb tsa hauv kev ua haujlwm, thiab xav nyob hauv nws tus ntsuj plig. Qhov no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cim los ntawm xyoo kawg ntawm lub neej.

Xyoo 1891, tus tub Alexander yug hauv tsev neeg ntawm cov khoom ua yeeb yam thiab khaub ncaws. Kaum ib xyoos tom qab ntawd lawv tsiv mus rau Kazan. Muaj Rodchenko kawm tiav hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv theem pib hauv 1905. Cov niam txiv ua npau suav tias lawv tus tub yuav kawm thiab dhau los ua tus kws kho hniav - qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm tus neeg nplua nuj, thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas xav kos duab. Txij li thaum muaj hnub nyoog 20 mus txog rau thaum pib ntawm Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1, nws tau kawm plaub xyoos hauv Kazan, ntawm lub tsev kawm kos duab, qhov chaw nws ntsib Varya Stepanova, uas tom qab ntawd los ua phooj ywg thiab cov npoj yaig rau lub neej.

Tab sis xyoo 1914 nws tau raug tsim los rau hauv tub rog thiab xa mus rau Moscow Zemstvo, qhov chaw nws yog tus saib xyuas lub tsev kho mob tsheb ciav hlau.

Moscow

Txij li xyoo 1916, Alexander Rodchenko pib sim nrog kev pleev xim thiab koom nrog V. Tatlin qhov kev nthuav qhia, uas nws nthuav tawm nws cov duab avant-garde. Koj tuaj yeem kho avant-garde hauv ntau txoj kev. Nyob rau hauv cov hauj lwm no ib tug yuav pomtob lub ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv invented cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, vim hais tias tus artist twb xav txog ib yam dab tsi thaum tsim paintings. Alexander Rodchenko pom nws txoj kev muaj tswv yim ua raws li txoj kev tshawb fawb.

Tom qab tag nrho, nws tau sau cov haujlwm uas nws kho nws txoj kev ntseeg. Thiab hauv cov duab kos duab, tsim los ntawm cov duab geometric, nws sim qhia qhov tob ntawm qhov chaw thiab cov duab ntawm cov khoom.

koom tes ua haujlwm hauv Moscow

Xyoo 1917, cov kws ua yeeb yam tsim lub koomhaum ua lag luam. Alexander Rodchenko yog ib tug neeg tsim tag nrho, nws muaj hnub nyoog 26 xyoo, nws yog tag nrho ntawm lub zog thiab, ua tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm lub koom haum ua lag luam, yuav siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub koom haum ntawm lub neej ntawm cov hluas artist. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws koom nrog kev tsim ntawm Pittoresk cafe, thiab tseem ua haujlwm hauv Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Kawm.

Creativity

Xyoo 1923, Mayakovsky phau ntawv "Hais txog nws" tau luam tawm. Rodchenko tsim cov duab ci ntsa iab rau nws. Diam duab collages suav nrog cov duab ntawm tus tsim nws tus kheej thiab nws tus hlub Lily Brik. Phau ntawv tau ambiguously perceived los ntawm contemporaries. Qhov chaw txhim kho qhov ncaj ncees ntawm qhov ua yeeb yam. Piv txwv li, Lunacharsky zoo siab nrog cov paj huam, tab sis nws tsis ntseeg txog nws cov qauv, Rodchenko txoj hauj lwm yog heev tshiab. Phau ntawv no yog ib qho txuas ntxiv ntawm lawv qhov kev sib koom ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm. Nyob rau xyoo 1920, cov lus ntawm daim ntawv tshaj tawm tau hloov pauv ntau - nws tau dhau los ua qhov ntxim nyiam, qhia meej, thiab qhia paub. Nws txawv ntawm Western European nyob rau hauv nws cov ntaub ntawv tshiab. Mayakovsky thiab Rodchenko nyob rau hauv tandem tsim nom tswv propaganda posters nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm constructivism nyob rau hauv 1923-25.

Lub sijhawm luv luv no, ntau qhov kev thov rov hais dua los hu rau Mosselprom, cov uas tawm tsam tshaj plaws yog "Cov Cij Pheej Yig" thiab "Tsis Muaj Qhov Chaw Tab sis …", nrog rau cov hnyuv ntxwm Rezinotrest, GUM tshaj tawm. Ntxiv nrog rau cov ntawv ntxim nyiam, lawv txawv los ntawm kev pom kev cuam tshuam: yooj yim sib piv cov xim ci, cov ces kaum txawv. Thiab tseem siv oblique, ntsug thiab kab rov tav, fonts ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv tau siv. Tag nrho ua ke, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau kom nyiam mloog thiab hais.

A new art form

Lub ntsej muag tom ntej ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm tus neeg txawv tshaj plaw no tau tshwm sim - kev yees duab. Alexander Rodchenko tau ntsib nrog qhov xav tau los yees duab nws ua yeeb yam. Dab tsi yog amazing, cov tswv yim cia li mus rau hauv lub 20s. Cov lus nug tshwm sim: thaum twg nws tau tswj hwm lawv txhua tus? Koj puas tau ua haujlwm 24 teev hauv ib hnub? Tom qab nrhiav tau ib yam tshiab ntawm kev kos duab rau nws tus kheej, nws mob siab rau nws tus kheej nrog tag nrho nws cov ardor. Nws ntes lub sijhawm ntawm lub neej nyob txhua qhov chaw thiab tsim cov txuj ci.

Nws yees duab tib neeg thiab khoom los ntawm cov ntsiab lus txawv txawv, coj lub kaum ntse ntse, thaij duab saum toj thiab hauv qab, tsim duab. Cov no yog pavilion tua, thiab ntawm txoj kev ntawm lub nroog, thiab nyob rau hauv xwm.

Nyob rau xyoo 1930, Rodchenko raug liam tias yog bourgeois rau kev ua yeeb yaj kiab ib tug tho kev tshuab raj. Tab sis nws txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm, tsis hloov kho raws li cov cai ntawm cov tub ceev xwm. Cov ntaub ntawv xaus nrog qhov tseeb tias nyob rau hauv 51 nws raug ntiab tawm ntawm lub Union of Artists. Nws yog lub sijhawm tsaus ntuj hauv nws lub neej thiab hauv lub neej ntawm nws tus poj niam Varvara Stepanova. Tab sis txhua yam nyob tom qab Stalin tuag, thiab nyob rau hauv 1954 Rodchenko yogreinstated nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm artists. Ob xyoos tom qab, nyob rau hauv 1956, Rodchenko tuag. Nws muaj 64 xyoo.

Tab sis nws tau ua ntau yam uas nws cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau tshawb nrhiav ntxiv thiab cov duab nthuav qhia ntawm nws txoj haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua, vim tias lawv cuam tshuam lub sijhawm thiab tsis tau poob lawv txoj kev kos duab.