Sergey Maksimov: biography thiab creativity

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Hnub no peb yuav qhia koj tias Sergey Maksimov yog leej twg. Biography ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws sau ntawv, ethnographer-fiction sau ntawv thiab honorary kawm ntawm lub St. Petersburg Academy ntawm Sciences yuav muab rau hauv qab no. Nws yug hauv 1831, Cuaj hlis 25.

Youth

Sergey Maksimov yug hauv tsev neeg ntawm tus thawj coj hauv nroog hauv Kostroma xeev. Nyob ntawd nws tau txais nws txoj kev kawm thawj zaug, mus kawm hauv lub nroog pej xeem tsev kawm ntawv. Cov kwv tij - Vasily (tus kws phais) thiab Nikolai (tus kws sau ntawv). Los ntawm 1842 txog 1850 nws tau mus kawm Kostroma Txiv neej Gymnasium. Nyob rau hauv 1850 nws nkag mus rau Moscow University nyob rau hauv lub kws qhia ntawv ntawm tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv 1852 nws tsiv mus rau lub nroog ntawm St. Nws pib kawm ntawm Medico-Surgery Academy. Thawj qhov kev sim ntawm tus kws sau ntawv suav nrog cov ntawv sau ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm pej xeem lub neej.

xov xwm

Sergey Maksimov yog tus kws sau ntawv, uas Turgenev ib zaug tau saib xyuas. Kev txhawb nqa los ntawm qhov no, tus kws sau ntawv tshiab tau ua ib qho kev sau ntawv thiab keeb kwm kev mus ncig hauv 1855. Nws yog taug kev ncig ntawm lub xeev Vladimir. Tom qab ntawd nws mus xyuas Nizhny Novgorod. Lub ntsiab lus tom ntej yog lub xeev Vyatka. Yog li, nws yog thawj tus ua qhov kev sim raukev kawm ncaj qha ntawm pej xeem lub neej. Nws cov txiaj ntsig tau piav qhia hauv cov ntawv sau "Sorcerer", "Midwife", "Kulachok", "Malyar", "Bulynya", "Sotskaya", "Nizhny Novgorod Fair", "Votyaki", "Sergach", "Shvetsy", ". Cov neeg cog lus, "Peasant Gatherings". Tom qab ntawd, cov ntawv teev npe tau muab tso rau hauv phau ntawv hu ua "Wilderness".

Kev ua si

Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich tau teeb tsa ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm haiv neeg mus rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm Russia. Sergei Maksimov raug xaiv los mus rau sab qaum teb. Nws pom Hiav Txwv Dawb, ntsib Arctic Dej hiav txwv thiab lwm qhov chaw amazing. Yog li ntawd, nws tau luam tawm ob peb tsab xov xwm nyob rau hauv Leej Tub ntawm Fatherland thiab Library rau Kev Nyeem Ntawv. Nws kuj tau luam tawm nws tej hauj lwm hauv Marine Collection. Cov hauj lwm no tau muab tso rau hauv ib phau ntawv hu ua "Ib Xyoo nyob rau sab qaum teb."

Tom ntej no, Sergei Maksimov, sawv cev ntawm Maritime Department, tawm mus rau nws txoj kev mus tom ntej. Lub sijhawm no lub hom phiaj yog Far East. Nws yuav tsum tau tshawb nrhiav thaj av Amur tshiab. Txoj kev taug kev no tau dhau los ua cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kab ntawv txuas ntxiv ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm ntawm nplooj ntawv Marine Collection thiab Domestic Notes. Tom qab ntawd, cov haujlwm no tau tsim ib phau ntawv hu ua "Rau Sab Hnub Tuaj".

Thaum rov qab los, tus sau tau raug qhia kom kawm txog lub neej ntawm exiles thiab Siberian tsev loj cuj. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev tshawb fawb no tsis tau pom zoo rau kev tshaj tawm. Nws chav dej hiav txwv tau luam tawm " zais cia", muab lub npe "Exiles thiab tsev loj cuj." Tom qab ntawd, ntau cov ntawv cais los ntawm tus sau ntawm cov ncauj lus no tau tshwm sim hauv Otechestvennye Zapiski thiab Vestnik Evropy. Ces tawm tuajib phau ntawv hais txog cov ntsiab lus hu ua "Siberia thiab kev rau txim txhaum cai".

Los ntawm 1862 txog 1863 Maksimov mus rau sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Caspian Hiav Txwv thiab Urals. Ntawm cov khoom uas tau tshwm sim los ntawm qhov kev mus ncig no, ob qhov tshwm sim ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm Marine Collection. Tus so cuam tshuam txog kev sib cais thiab luam tawm hauv Tsev Neeg thiab Tsev Kawm Ntawv, Fatherland Notes, thiab Delo. Ntawm cov haujlwm no, peb nco ntsoov cov hauv qab no: "Vajtswv txoj kev pab", "Subbotniks", "Khlysty", "Skoptsy", "Jumpers", "Dukhobors", "Molokans", "Sect of the Common", "Lenkoran", ". Cov Txwj Laug Irgiz". Phau ntawv "Cov Dab Neeg ntawm Keeb Kwm Ntawm Cov Ntseeg Qub" tau muab tso ua ke los ntawm tus sau cov ntawv luam tawm nyob rau hauv "Tub ntawm Leej Txiv", thiab hauv "Ib Yam". Ntawm kev caw ntawm kev koom tes hu ua "General. tau txais txiaj ntsig "kev lom zem thiab kev lag luam" thiab Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Nyeem Ntawv rau pej xeem, tus kws sau ntawv tau kho, thiab tseem sau txog 18 cov ntawv tshaj tawm rau cov neeg: "Solovki Monastery", "Peasant Life", "Lavxias teb sab Steppes thiab Roob", "Dense. Hav zoov", Frozen Desert.

Bibliography

Sergey Maksimov hauv xyoo 1886 tsim cov haujlwm "Lub Nceeg Vaj Ice". Xyoo 1859, thawj phau ntawv "Ib Xyoo nyob rau sab qaum teb" tshwm, uas yog hu ua "Hiav Txwv Dawb". Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, qhov thib ob tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub title "Ib qho kev taug kev raws ntug dej hiav txwv qaum teb." Xyoo 1896, tus sau phau ntawv "Colected Works" tau luam tawm hauv nees nkaum phaus. Ntawm lwm tus, nws suav nrog cov haujlwm: "Lub nroog ntawm Lake Cheeb Tsam", "Primitive Hav Zoov" thiab "Lub Neej Neeg Ua Lag Luam". Xyoo 1903, phau ntawv "Unclean, tsis paub thiab lub hwj chim ntawm Vajtswv" tau luam tawm. Cov hauj lwm "Winged Words" tshwm nyob rau hauv 1955. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws authorship belongs rau "Scientific Notes",luam tawm xyoo 1968. Phau ntawv "Tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab av" tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1989. Nyob rau hauv 2002, cov hauj lwm "Katorga ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman" tau luam tawm. Tam sim no koj paub leej twg Sergey Maksimov. Cov duab ntawm tus kws sau ntawv tau txuas nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv no.