Zinaida Reich: biography thiab koj tus kheej lub neej
Zinaida Reich: biography thiab koj tus kheej lub neej

Video: Zinaida Reich: biography thiab koj tus kheej lub neej

Video: Zinaida Reich: biography thiab koj tus kheej lub neej
Video: Йога для начинающих дома с Алиной Anandee #1. Здоровое и гибкое тело за 40 минут 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Zinaida Nikolaevna Reich yog tus kws ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam uas ua tau zoo heev uas nws tau txais lub npe zoo tsim nyog. Nws paub hais tias nws tsis yog tsuas yog tus poj niam ntawm Vsevolod Meyerkhodd, tab sis kuj yog tus naas ej kws sau paj lug Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin ntsib Zinaida Reich thiab txawm tau yuav nws.

Zinaida Nikolaevna Reich yug thaum kawg ntawm Lub Rau Hli 1894 hauv tebchaws Lavxias. Nws qhov chaw yug yog lub zos ze Mills, uas nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Odessa.

Nws txiv, Nikolai Andreevich, yog ib tug kws tsav tsheb ciav hlau. Nws paub txog nws txiv tias nws yog ib haiv neeg ntawm Silesia thiab thaum yug los tau txais lub npe August Reich, uas yog keeb kwm ntawm German, yog li nyob rau hauv Russia nws raug yuam kom hloov nws. Leej niam ntawm yav tom ntej nto moo actress hu ua Anna Ivanovna Viktorova.

Revolutionary views

Zinaida Reich, uas nws daim duab yog nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, ua raws li kev hloov pauv ntawm nws txiv. Nikolai Andreevich txij thaum 1897 yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm RSDPR thiab Social Democrat. Nws nquag koom nrog txhua yam kev hloov pauv, yog li xyoo 1907 tag nrho tsev neeg raug ntiab tawm ntawm Odessa.

Lawv nyob hauv Bendery thiab txiv tau txais txoj haujlwmlocksmith nyob rau hauv railway rhiav. Tab sis ob tug ntxhais los yog leej txiv tsis hloov lawv cov kev hloov pauv. Tsis tshua tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv, yav tom ntej actress Zinaida Reich, biography uas nws tus kheej lub neej yog tshwm sim, koom lub Socialist-Revolutionary Party nyob rau hauv 1913.

Kev Kawm

Nws paub tias tom qab tsev neeg tsiv mus rau Bender, Zinaida tau nkag mus rau cov poj niam gymnasium V. Gerasimenko, tab sis tom qab qib yim nws raug ntiab tawm vim nws txoj kev koom tes hauv kev nom kev tswv. Leej niam ntawm yav tom ntej ua yeeb yam tsis yooj yim los yaum nws kom muab daim ntawv pov thawj kev kawm rau nws tus ntxhais.

Tom qab ntawd, yav tom ntej actress Zinaida Reich, uas nws biography, cov duab uas yog nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, nkag mus rau lub Higher Women's Chav Kawm hauv Kyiv. Tom qab ntawd, Zinaida Nikolaevna tawm mus rau Petrograd, thiab nws niam nws txiv tau mus nyob nrog nws niam tus niam laus hauv Orel.

Nyob rau hauv Petrograd, Zinaida Reich, uas nws biography yog tag nrho ntawm cov xwm txheej, nkag mus rau Cov Poj Niam Cov Keeb Kwm, Kev Sau Ntawv thiab Kev Cai Lij Choj ntawm Raev. Ntawm tag nrho lwm yam kev kawm yog cov lus txawv teb chaws thiab cov duab puab.

Ntsib nrog Sergei Yesenin

Zinaida Reich
Zinaida Reich

Thawj lub rooj sib tham nrog tus kws sau paj huam nto moo Sergei Yesenin tau tshwm sim tom qab nws kawm tiav cov kev kawm. Lub sijhawm ntawd, nws tau txais txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm Delo Naroda, uas tau luam tawm los ntawm Socialist-Revolutionaries. Nws tau txais txoj haujlwm ua tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntaus ntawv.

Thaum Sergei Yesenin ntsib Zinaida Reich, nws nyuam qhuav muaj nees nkaum peb xyoos. Ib tug kws sau paj lug zoo nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm, qhov twg Zinaida Nikolaevna ua hauj lwm, luam tawm nwspaj huam.

Zoo nrog Yesenin

Zinaida Reich, duab
Zinaida Reich, duab

Yesenin txoj kev tshoob nrog Zinaida Reich tau tshwm sim thaum kawg ntawm Lub Xya Hli 1917. Lub sijhawm ntawd, cov tub ntxhais hluas tau mus rau lub teb chaws ntawm ib tug phooj ywg ze ntawm Yesenin. Alexey Ganin tau pab lawv sib yuav hauv lub tsev teev ntuj thaum ub ntawm lub zos Tolstikovo, cheeb tsam Vologda.

Muaj ob peb tug tim khawv los ntawm ib sab ntawm tus nkauj nyab thiab nraug vauv. Los ntawm Yesenin sab, muaj peb tug neeg ua liaj ua teb los ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv. Thiab los ntawm sab ntawm Zinaida Nikolaevna Reich muaj ob tug tim khawv: ib tug neeg ua teb los ntawm lub Arkhangelsk volost thiab tus tub ntawm ib tug tub luam Devyatkov. Lub tshoob yog ua los ntawm pov thawj Viktor Pevgov thiab psalmist Alexei Kratirov.

Yuav kom yuav Sergei Yesenin, Zinaida Nikolaevna tau xa xov tooj rau nws txiv hais kom nws xa nws ib puas rubles. Leej txiv tam sim ntawd xa nyiaj rau nws tus ntxhais hauv Vologda. Thiab lub hli tom ntej no, cov tub ntxhais hluas tuaj txog hauv Orel, qhov chaw uas Zinaida Reich niam txiv nyob, ua ke nrog lawv cov phooj ywg Alexei Ganin, ua kev zoo siab rau lawv lub tshoob, thiab qhia lawv tus txiv rau lawv niam lawv txiv thiab cov txheeb ze.

Tab sis twb nyob rau lub Cuaj Hli, cov tub ntxhais hluas rov qab mus rau Petrograd, qhov twg rau qee lub sijhawm lawv nyob nyias, thiab thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo tom ntej Yesenin tau ncaim Petrograd.

Kev ua haujlwm

Actress Zinaida Reich, duab
Actress Zinaida Reich, duab

Lub Yim Hli 1918, peb lub hlis tom qab yug menyuam, Zinaida Reich, uas nws daim duab nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, tau pib ua haujlwm ua tus soj ntsuam ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Kawm. Thiab raws nraim ib hlis tom qab nws tsiv mus ua hauj lwm ua tus thawj coj ntawm theatrical thiab cinematographic seem ntawm tub rog commissariat ntawm lub nroog ntawm Orel. Los ntawm thawj lub rau hli ntuj, rau plaub lub hlis, nyob rau hauvNyob rau hauv 1919, nws tau ua tus thawj coj ntawm sub department of arts nyob rau hauv lub department ntawm pej xeem kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Orel.

Ntxhais kawm ntawv thiab tu siab ntawm Zinaida Reich

Zinaida Reich thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1918 tuaj txog hauv Orel, qhov chaw nws niam nws txiv nyob, thaum nws tseem yuav yug nws tus menyuam thawj zaug. Thaum kawg ntawm lub Tsib Hlis, nws yug tau ib tug ntxhais, Tatyana. Nws tsis tuaj yeem tawm hauv nws txiv lub tsev, vim nws xav tau kev pab tu tus menyuam. Tab sis thaum Denikin's White Army tawm hauv lub nroog, thiab tus ntxhais loj hlob me ntsis, Zinaida Nikolaevna tsiv mus rau lub peev.

Ua ke nrog Sergei Yesenin, lawv nyob ua ke rau qee lub sijhawm, tab sis tsis ntev tom qab kev sib raug zoo tau rov qab los. Thiab Zinaida thiab nws tus ntxhais raug yuam kom rov qab mus rau lawv niam lawv txiv lub tsev dua. Tab sis nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav cawm tau nws txoj kev sib yuav, Zinaida ua lwm yam kev sim thiab, tso nws tus ntxhais nrog nws niam nws txiv, rov qab mus rau nws tus txiv. Tab sis qhov no tsuas yog coj mus rau lwm qhov kev tawg.

Actress Zinaida Reich, biography, tus kheej lub neej
Actress Zinaida Reich, biography, tus kheej lub neej

Tab sis thaum pib lub Ob Hlis 1920 hauv Moscow, Zinaida Nikolaevna Reich, tus neeg ua yeeb yam Lavxias, yug tau ib tug tub, Konstantin. Tab sis tam sim ntawd tom qab yug me nyuam, tus me nyuam tub poob mob, thiab rau nws kev kho mob, Zinaida Nikolaevna raug yuam kom coj nws mus rau Kislovodsk. Tus me nyuam tau pab, tab sis tsuas yog tom qab ntawd nws tus kheej poob mob. Tsis tu ncua nrog nws tus txiv, yug menyuam, thiab tom qab ntawd nws tus tub muaj mob ua rau nws raug muab tso rau hauv tsev kho mob rau tus neeg mob.

Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1921, Yesenin nws tus kheej tau ua ntawv thov rau lub tsev hais plaub, qhov chaw nws thov kom nws nrauj nws ntawm Zinaida Reich. Lub 10 hli ntuj xyoo no lawv sib nrauj.

Qhia Meyerhold

Tus ua yeeb yamZinaida Reich, biography, duab
Tus ua yeeb yamZinaida Reich, biography, duab

Lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1921, Zinaida Nikolaevna rov nyob nrog nws niam nws txiv thiab qhia hauv Orel, qhov chaw uas nws cov txheeb ze nyob, keeb kwm ntawm kev ua yeeb yam thiab hnav khaub ncaws ntawm cov chav kawm tshwj xeeb ua yeeb yam. Paub tias nws yog kev ua yeeb yam uas nyiam thiab nyiam nws heev, yav tom ntej ua yeeb yam Zinaida Reich, uas nws biography yog tag nrho ntawm cov xwm txheej, nkag mus rau Cov Kev Ua Haujlwm Siab Tshaj Plaws thiab, tau ua tiav qhov kev xeem nkag, dhau los ua tub ntxhais kawm.

Ua ke nrog nws, S. Yutkevich thiab S. Eisenstein kuj tau kawm nyob rau hauv lub peev kev qhia cov chav kawm. Lub rooj cob qhia ua yeeb yam tau qhia los ntawm Vsevolod Meyerhold. Zinaida Nikolaevna twb paub nws txij li thaum nws yog dawb thiab ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub People's Commissariat for Education. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus kws qhia ua yeeb yam Meyerhold thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm Reich tau xaus rau hauv kev ua tshoob. Xyoo 1922, Zinaida Reich tau los ua tus poj niam ntawm nws tus kws qhia.

Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov ntawm tib lub xyoo, nws thiab nws tus txiv coj cov me nyuam los ntawm lawv niam lawv txiv thiab tsiv los ntawm Orel mus rau Moscow. Zinaida Reich, cov menyuam yaus thiab Meyerhold nws tus kheej tau pib nyob hauv ib lub tsev uas nyob ntawm Novinsky Boulevard. Tus txiv tshiab ntawm Zinaida Nikolaevna tsis tsuas yog hlub thiab saib xyuas cov me nyuam, tab sis kuj tau txais lawv. Tab sis nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Vsevolod Emilievich tsis tawm tsam Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin tas li mus xyuas nws cov menyuam, mus xyuas nws chav tsev.

Tsis ntev Meyerhold tau hais tias cov niam txiv ntawm Zinaida Nikolaevna kuj tau tsiv mus rau lub peev thiab nrog lawv tus ntxhais. Qhov kev txav no tau pab tus neeg ua yeeb yam txawj ntse kom mob siab rau sijhawm ntau rau kev ua yeeb yam thiab paub nws tus kheej ntawm theem.

kev ua yeeb yam

Actress Zinaida Reich, biography
Actress Zinaida Reich, biography

ActressZinaida Reich, uas nws daim duab yog nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, ua nws thawj ua yeeb yam debut nyob rau hauv nruab nrab Lub ib hlis ntuj 1924. Nws thawj lub luag haujlwm yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm Aksyusha hauv kev ua yeeb yam raws li kev ua yeeb yam "Forest" los ntawm A. Ostrovsky, uas tau ua nyob rau theem ntawm Meyerhold Theatre.

Tom qab qhov kev ua yeeb yam no, Zinaida Nikolaevna txoj haujlwm ua yeeb yam pib vam meej. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub thib peb caug xyoo, nws tsis yog tsuas yog tus nto moo tshaj plaws thiab nrhiav-tom qab actress nyob rau hauv lub capital, tab sis kuj yog tus thawj coj ntawm lub Meyerhold ua yeeb yam. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau theem ntawm no ua yeeb yam rau kaum peb xyoo thiab ua si ntau tshaj kaum lub luag hauj lwm. Tab sis tsis yog tsuas yog cov txuj ci ntawm Zinaida Nikolaevna ua rau nws nto moo, tab sis kuj nws tus txiv, hlub nws tus poj niam, sim ua txhua yam kom ntseeg tau tias nws yog tib lub hnub qub ntawm nws qhov kev ua yeeb yam.

Tab sis yeej ua tsis tau tiag tsis hlub nws. Ntau tus txiv neej poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog nws. Zinaida zoo nkauj heev, tab sis nws txoj kev zoo nkauj tsis tshua muaj thiab ua kom zoo nkauj. Nws mob siab rau thiab muaj siab xav, tab sis nws tau zoo nkauj ua ke nrog kev tshav ntuj uas nws tsuas yog zoo nkauj. Lub ci ci thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho cov tsos ntawm Zinaida Nikolaevna Reich tau muab los ntawm nws lub ntsej muag muag, uas sib haum xeeb ua ke nrog lub qhov muag dub thiab cov plaub hau tsaus.

Qhov kev saib tag nrho no tau ua tiav los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tus kws ua yeeb yam txawj ntse Reich siab thiab slim. Contemporaries nco qab tias Zinaida Nikolaevna yog ib tug poj niam zoo nkauj heev. Theatrical txuj ci ntawm tus actress kuj muaj nuj nqis heev. Hauv kev ua si "D. E." Podgaetsky Zinaida Reich ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm Sibylla. Qhov kev ua yeeb yam no tau nthuav tawm los ntawm qhov pom ntawm tus thawj coj kev nkag siab. Txhua qhov kev txiav txim tau tshwm sim hauv Tebchaws Europe, uas yog kiag lirhuav tshem thiab rhuav tshem los ntawm kev tsov rog. Tsuas yog lub ntiaj teb ntawm Soviet Russia tau ciaj sia, thiab lub ntiaj teb capitalist raug rhuav tshem tag nrho. Qhov kev ua yeeb yam no tau tsim los ntawm Meyerhold nws tus kheej raws li qhov tshiab los ntawm Ehrenburg. Cov ntu ntawm tus kheej hauv nws tau cuam tshuam los ntawm cov cim.

Nyob rau hauv kev ua yeeb yam comedy "Teacher Bubus" raws li kev ua si los ntawm Alexei Faiko, actress Reich plays Stefka. Qhov kev ua yeeb yam no tau tshwm sim nyob rau theem ntawm Meyerhold Theatre hauv xyoo 1925, thiab tib lub sijhawm Vsevolod Emilievich nws tus kheej tau hais txog yuav ua li cas thiaj li tsim nyog rau theem suab paj nruag, hais txog "Xib Fwb Bubus" ua piv txwv.

Zinaida Nikolaevna plays Varvara hauv kev ua yeeb yam raws li Nikolai Erdman's play Mandate. Kev ua si txhua hnub hais txog yuav ua li cas lub neej petty-bourgeois ntawm tus phab ej raug rhuav tshem. Nyob rau hauv kev ua yeeb yam raws li Nikolai Gogol's comedy Tus Inspector General, actress Reich ua si tus poj niam ntawm tus kav nroog. Anna Andreevna, ua yeeb yam los ntawm actress Reich, tau nyiam heev los ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib.

Tus poj niam lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua yeeb yam "Woe from Wit" kuj tau ua los ntawm tus ua yeeb yam Zinaida Reich. Nyob rau hauv lub theatrical ntau lawm raws li kev ua si los ntawm Alexander Griboyedov, nws ua si Sophia. Hauv kev ua yeeb yam raws li kev ua si los ntawm Anton Pavlovich Chekhov "Peb caug-peb Tsaus" Zinaida Reich plays Popova. Ib qho kev ua yeeb yam txawv txawv yog qhov tseeb tias tus neeg saib yuav nco qab, thiab tus kws ua yeeb yam muaj peev xwm tau txais kev nyiam thiab kev vam meej nrog cov neeg tuaj saib.

Hauv xyoo 1931, qhov premiere ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua yeeb yam los ntawm Yuri Karlovich Olesha tau tshwm sim. Hauv kev ua yeeb yam "Cov Ntawv Teev Npe Zoo" Zinaida Reich plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Elena Goncharova kuj yog ib tug neeg ua yeeb yam, thiab nws khaws ib lub chaw muag mis nyuj, qhov twg nws niaj hnub nkag mus rau hauv ob qho tib si kev ua txhaum cai thiab cov koob hmoov ntawm lub kiv puag ncig. Goncharova pom tias ib tug neeg yuav tsum tsis muaj nqi thaum lub xyoo ntawm lub kiv puag ncig. ThiabElena Goncharova tsis tuaj yeem lees txais qhov kev hloov pauv, tab sis txawm nyob hauv nws lub tebchaws qub nws qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tau raug hem. Qhov kev sib cais no ua rau tus poj niam hluas, thiab nws sau txog nws hauv nws phau ntawv teev npe.

Yog li, xyoo 1934, kev ua yeeb yam "Tus Poj Niam nrog Camellias" kuj tau saib los ntawm Stalin. Actress Zinaida Reich ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv qhov kev ua yeeb yam no. Tab sis qhov xav tsis thoob rau ntau tus, suav nrog tus ua yeeb yam nws tus kheej thiab nws tus txiv, yog tias Iosif Vissarionovich tsis nyiam qhov kev ua yeeb yam.

Tam sim ntawd, cov neeg thuam ua yeeb yam tawm tsam Vsevolod Meyerhold, leej twg tuaj yeem liam tias nws yog qhov zoo nkauj. Raws li tus poj niam uas hlub thiab tus neeg ua yeeb yam uas nws lub meej mom tau ua txhaum, Zinaida Nikolaevna tau sau ib tsab ntawv rau Stalin, uas nws liam tias nws tsis nkag siab txog kev kos duab.

Xyoo 1938 Meyerhold lub tsev ua yeeb yam raug kaw, thiab Vsevolod Emilievich nws tus kheej raug ntes. Ntawm no, cov hauj lwm ua yeeb yam ntawm Zinaida Nikolaevna Reich tau dhau lawm.

Kev tuag ntawm Zinaida Reich

Zinaida Nikolaevna Reich - Lavxias teb sab actress
Zinaida Nikolaevna Reich - Lavxias teb sab actress

Ib tug txawj ua yeeb yam, tus poj niam ntawm Meyerhold thiab leej niam ntawm cov me nyuam ntawm tus kws sau paj huam nto moo Sergei Yesenin raug tua neeg phem. Kev tua neeg ntawm Zinaida Nikolaevna Reich tshwm sim thaum hmo ntuj ntawm Lub Xya Hli 14-15, 1939. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, ib tug txawj ua yeeb yam actress nyob rau ntawm Bryusovsky Lane nyob rau hauv Moscow. Cov neeg tsis paub nkag mus rau hauv nws chav tsev thiab ua rau kaum xya lub qhov txhab, thiab tom qab ntawd khiav mus. Tus actress tuag ntawm txoj kev mus rau tsev kho mob.

Qhov kev tua neeg no tau tshwm sim raws nraim nees nkaum plaub hnub tom qab nws tus txiv Vsevolod Emilievich Meyerhold raug ntes. Tus nqi pibHauv kev tua neeg no, tus phooj ywg ntawm Vsevolod Emilievich raug foob. Nws yog paub tias Dmitry Golovin tsis yog tsuas yog ib tug soloist ntawm lub Bolshoi Theatre, tab sis kuj yog ib tug Honored Artist ntawm Russia. Kev tshawb nrhiav ntseeg tias nws tus tub, tus thawj coj Vitaly Golovin, pab nws tua neeg ntawm Zinaida Nikolaevna. Tab sis cov tub ceev xwm tshawb nrhiav tsis tuaj yeem ua pov thawj qhov no. Tab sis tsis ntev, qhov kev foob tawm tsam Dmitry thiab Vitaly Golovin raug tso tseg.

Tab sis tseem, Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Siab pom cov neeg ua txhaum. Lawv tau los ua V. Varnakov, A. Kurnosov thiab A. Ogoltsev, uas tsis tau paub Zinaida Nikolaevna nws tus kheej lossis nws tus txiv. Lawv raug tua, tab sis qhov paub tsis meej ntawm kev tuag ntawm tus kws ua yeeb yam txawj ntse tseem tsis tau daws rau hnub no.

Tus poj niam ntxim nyiam thiab muaj peev xwm ua yeeb yam Zinaida Nikolaevna Reich tau faus ntawm Vagankovsky tojntxas hauv Moscow nrog nws tus tub Konstantin Yesenin. Ntawm qhov chaw thib kaum xya no, tseem muaj qhov ntxa ntawm Sergei Yesenin.

Tus kws sau paj huam nto moo Olga Berggolts thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1941 hauv nws phau ntawv teev npe sau tias Zinaida Reich raug tua neeg phem tom qab nws tus txiv Vsevolod Emilievich Meyerhold raug ntes coj txawv txawv thiab tsis paub tseeb. Thiab lawv faus Zinaida Nikolaevna ntsiag to kom tsis muaj leej twg paub. Raws li nws nco qab, tsuas yog ib tus neeg taug kev tom qab lub hleb. Tom qab raug ntes ntawm Meyerhold thiab kev tuag ntawm Zinaida Reich, nws cov menyuam kuj raug ntiab tawm ntawm lawv niam lawv txiv lub tsev.

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