Hom suab paj nruag. Ib yam ntawm instrumental thiab vocal music

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Suab nkauj uas tus thawj coj yog lub suab hu ua vocal. Nws tuaj yeem sau rau ib, ob lossis ntau tus neeg ua yeeb yam, nrog lossis tsis muaj nrog. Ntau hom suab paj nruag, nrog rau cov suab paj nruag, tau dhau los ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntev, tau tsim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev kos duab.

Yog li muaj kev coj noj coj ua, kev cai dab qhuas, kev ua haujlwm, txhua hnub chants. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub tswv yim no tau pib siv ntau dua thiab feem ntau. Hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav saib seb hom suab paj nruag yog dab tsi.

Song

tshwm sim thaum ub. Nws muab cov ntawv sau ua ke nrog cov suab paj nruag yooj yim heev. Qhov no feem ntau ancient thiab thawj hom, nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm nws evolution, tau dav sib txawv. Thawj zaj nkauj tsim los ntawm cov neeg tau nthuav tawm txhua yam kev sib txawv ntawm lub neej nyob deb nroog (daim ntawv qhia hnub-kev ua koob tsheej, tsev neeg-tsev neeg, ncig ua las voos thiab seev cev). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev tshaj lij kev cai lij chojcompositions.

Vocal Genres of the Renaissance: Mass

Ntawm no yog lub npe sau ntawv rau kev cai dab qhuas. Cov chants yog raws li cov ntawv sau los ntawm liturgy ntawm Latin rite thiab teem rau suab paj nruag. Composers ntawm lub lig Renaissance sau nyob rau hauv no ib hom ntawv nyeem: Lasso, Palestrina. Cov pawg ib txwm muaj tsib ntu: Kyrie, Credo, Gloria, Agnus Dei thiab Sanctus.

Txog xyoo pua puas xyoo, tej hauj lwm ntawm hom no tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov txiv neej hu nkauj, zaj nkauj soprano tau ua los ntawm cov tub.

Motet

Tshuaj nyob rau Fabkis nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puas xyoo. Ntau hom suab paj nruag ntawm lub sijhawm no tau sau rau hauv polyphonic style. Ib qho piv txwv tiag tiag ntawm qhov no yog motet. Nws muab ob peb lub suab paj nruag nrog ntau cov ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub suab qis (tenor) hu nkauj hauv Latin, thiab tus so (motetus, triplum, duplum) ua qhov hauv Fab Kis. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv yog playful los yog amorous nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Motets tau sau rau pawg hu nkauj nrog cov cuab yeej ua ke thiab cappella. Palestrina, J. Despres, G. Dufay tig mus rau hom ntawv no, thiab tom qab ntawd - W. Mozart, G. Handel, A. Bruckner, I. Brahms.

Madrigal

hom ntawv no tau tshwm sim hauv tebchaws Ltalis nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum rau. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, ib zaj nkauj polyphonic uas tsis muaj suab npe hu ua madrigal. Raws li txoj cai, nws hnav secular, rau qee qhov, txawm tias nyiam cov ntsiab lus. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm kev hu nkauj ntawm hom no yog kev txawj ntse zoo nkauj.

Vilanella

Yog tus ua ntejmadrigal ua. Hauv kev nkag siab, lub npe "vilanella" yog txhais ua ib lub zos nkauj. Cov hauj lwm ntawm hom no, sau ua khub-strophic daim ntawv, tau npaj rau

rau kev ua tau zoo los ntawm peb lossis plaub lub suab. Cov qauv ntawm vilanelles yog, raws li txoj cai, polyphonic, cov ntsiab lus yog comic lossis pastoral. Lub suab nkauj tseem ceeb ntawm zaj nkauj (lub suab sab sauv) tau ua los ntawm tus soloist, thiab cov seem ntawm cov khoom tau ua nrog nrog. Sij hawm dhau mus, txoj haujlwm no tau muab rau cov twj paj nruag.

Romance

Hom suab paj nruag chamber suab paj nruag no tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puas xyoo. Kev sib hlub yog ib daim nkauj uas sau rau lub suab nrog nrog (harp, piano, guitar). Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov accompaniment yog kom paub ntau ntxiv nthuav cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, conveying lyrical thiab subtle kev paub ntawm tus sau. Xws li cov neeg sau nto moo xws li P. Tchaikovsky, M. Mussorgsky, A. Alyabyev, M. Glinka, S. Rachmaninov thiab lwm tus tau hais txog hom ntawv no.

Ballad

Ntawm no yog ib daim nkauj sau rau ntawm zaj dab neeg los sis keeb kwm. Nws nqa ib zaj dab neeg, epic thiab tib lub sij hawm lyrical pib. Thawj cov suab paj nruag ballads tau tshwm sim hauv Scotland thiab Askiv. Lawv tau ua los ntawm ib tug soloist nrog ib tug hu nkauj, qhia txog ntau yam keeb kwm, satirical los yog ua yeeb yam xwm txheej. F. Schubert raug suav hais tias yog tus tsim ntawm hom ntawv no hauv suab paj nruag.

Serenade

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsa sawv daws. ATRenaissance thiab Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, hom ntawv no siv lub ntsiab lus tshiab. Tam sim no lub npe no txhais tau tias yog ib zaj nkauj hlub uas tus txiv neej hu nkauj thaum yav tsaus ntuj hauv qab lub qhov rais ntawm nws tus hlub. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus neeg hu nkauj nrog nws tus kheej ntawm guitar, mandolin lossis lute.

Nkauj ntseeg vocal music

Muaj qhov chaw tshwj xeeb hauv kev kos duab. Cov hauj lwm no, sau rau pawg hu nkauj, yog qhov txawv ntawm lawv txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev tsim kho thiab tsis tshua muaj kev rov qab los rau kev sib koom ua ke. Lawv yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv suab paj nruag rau cov lus. Ib hom ntawv tshwj xeeb, tab sis nyuaj dua yog lub voj voog suab. Nws yog tsim los ntawm ob peb txoj haujlwm ywj pheej, koom ua ke los ntawm cov ntsiab lus zoo nkauj. Ntau tus kws sau nkauj tau tig mus rau lub suab nrov. Ntawm lawv yog Schumann, Glinka, Shostakovich, Mussorgsky, Schubert.

Cyclic genres of vocal works

Sib txawv hauv cov ntawv loj dua. Lawv muaj ob peb qhov kev ywj pheej sib cais, qhia txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Kev tsim kho ntawm cov suab paj nruag ua haujlwm ntawm daim ntawv no yog ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv, feem ntau yog tempo. Cov no suav nrog oratorios, pawg, suites thiab, rau qee qhov, operas.

Cantata

Ntawm no yog lub npe ntawm kev ua haujlwm cyclic complex ntawm lyrical - epic lossis solemn ntsiab lus.

Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau nws qhov me me thiab tej zaum yuav suav nrog solo - tus lej suab, choral qhov chaw, ensembles thiab orchestral ntu. Cov ntu ntawm cantata, koom ua ke los ntawm ib lub ntsiab lus, yog ywj siab. Yog li ntawd, lawv feem ntau heevua nyob rau hauv cov kev pab cuam hais kwv txhiaj raws li nyias tus lej. Sib cais qhov chaw ntawm hom no qhia ntau yam duab (lyrical, ua yeeb yam, xav txog): S. Prokofiev "Alexander Nevsky".

Oratorio

Txoj haujlwm nthuav dav ntawm qhov loj me, uas yog ua raws li cov lus hais ua yeeb yam-ua yeeb yam. Txhawm rau kom meej meej nws, tus neeg piav qhia lossis tus nyeem ntawv feem ntau tau qhia rau hauv cov neeg ua yeeb yam. Txoj haujlwm no, raws li txoj cai, yog sau rau pawg hu nkauj, soloists thiab orchestra. Ntau tus kws sau nkauj ua haujlwm hauv hom no: J. S. Bach "Passion raws li John", C. Saint-Saens "Samson thiab Delilah", I. Stravinsky "Oedipus Rex".

Suite for choir

Qhov no yog lub voj voog uas muaj cov teeb meem uas muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm cov ncauj lus, txuas nrog lub tswv yim sib xws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhua tus neeg ua si yog tsim los ntxoov ntxoo lossis teeb pom kev sib txawv ntawm lub tswv yim tseem ceeb. Ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm lub voj voog zoo li no yog Tsib Cov Duab Zoo Nkauj suite. Nyob rau hauv nws, suab paj nruag, ci ntsa iab sib txawv ntawm ib leeg, pleev xim rau cov yeeb yuj duab ntawm tej yam dluab ("Peasant's Revel", "Mermaids", "Txoj Kev Caij Nplooj Hlav").

Opera

Ntawm no yog ib qho kev ua yeeb yam loj uas sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov suab paj nruag thiab suab paj nruag, nrog rau kev kos duab kos duab thiab kos duab. Nws tau sau rau orchestra, hu nkauj thiab soloists. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm no yog muab rau tus lej solo (arias, arioso thiab arietto), qhia cov duab thiab lub siab ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb.

Liturgical genres of vocal music

Lawv nyob ib qho chaw loj hauv kev xyaum hais kwv txhiaj. Thiab lojnrov yog Orthodox chants (Rakhmaninov's Vespers, Liturgy los ntawm Grechaninov thiab Tchaikovsky), thiab Catholic sawv daws yuav (Verdi's Requiem, Mozart). Thaum lub sij hawm kev cai dab qhuas ceremonies, cov compositions yog complemented los ntawm ritual ua, thov Vajtswv thiab processions. Thiab nyob rau theem kev hais kwv txhiaj, lawv nco qab ntau dua ntawm cantata lossis oratorio, suav nrog cov khoom sib cais - pawg, hu nkauj, arias. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, liturgical hom tau txais cov yam ntxwv ntawm secular. Ib qho piv txwv tiag tiag ntawm qhov no yog "Requiem" los ntawm Kabalevsky thiab Britten, nrog rau Shchedrin txoj haujlwm "The Sealed Angel".