A. A. Akhmatova: "Kev ua siab loj". Analysis ntawm paj huam

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Anna Akhmatova tsis nyiam hu ua tus kws sau paj huam. Nws hnov ib yam dab tsi tsis zoo rau hauv lo lus ntawd. Nws cov paj huam, ntawm ib sab, yog poj niam heev, intimate thiab sensual, tab sis, ntawm qhov tod tes, muaj cov ntsiab lus txiv neej nyob rau hauv nws, xws li creativity, keeb kwm upheavals nyob rau hauv Russia, tsov rog. Akhmatova yog ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm ib tug ntawm cov niaj hnub tiam sis - acmeism. Cov tswv cuab ntawm pab pawg "Rov Tsev Neeg Poets" - ib lub koom haum ntawm acmeists - ntseeg hais tias kev muaj tswv yim yog ib hom khoom siv tes ua, thiab tus kws sau paj lug yog tus tswv uas yuav tsum siv lo lus los ua khoom siv hauv tsev.

Akhmatova as an acmeist poet

Akemism yog ib qho ntawm cov dej ntws ntawm kev niaj hnub. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm qhov sib txawv no tuaj rau hauv kev sib cav nrog cov cim thiab lawv cov mysticism. Rau acmeists, paj huam yog khoom siv tes ua, nws tuaj yeem kawm tau yog tias koj niaj hnub xyaum thiab txhim kho. Akhmatova yog tib lub tswv yim. Acmeists muaj ob peb cov duab thiab cov cim hauv lawv cov nqe lus, cov lus raug xaiv kom zoo, yog li nws tsis yog qhov tsim nyog los siv lawv hauv kev xav. Ib qho ntawm feem nto moo paj huam uas Akhmatova sau yog "Courage". Kev tsom xam ntawm paj huam qhia tias cov lus Lavxias tseem ceeb npaum li cas rau tus kws sau paj huam. Ator kho nws heev reverently thiab hwm: qhov no yog manifested ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv lub theem ntawm daim ntawv thiab nyob rau hauv lub theem ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Yeej tsis muaj lus qhia nyob rau hauv zaj paj huam, cov lus yog luv thiab capacious.

Anna Akhmatova "Courage"

Kev tshuaj xyuas ib zaj paj huam yuav tsum pib nrog keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim. Anna Akhmatova pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub collections "Cua tsov rog" tam sim ntawd tom qab nws pib, nyob rau hauv 1941. Nws yuav tsum yog nws txoj kev txhawb nqa rau txoj kev yeej, nws txoj kev sim ua kom lub siab ntawm cov neeg. Cov paj huam "Curage" tau muab tso rau hauv lub voj voog ntawm cov paj huam no thiab tau dhau los ua ib qho kev tawm tsam tshaj plaws.

Nkauj thiab lub tswv yim ntawm zaj paj huam

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm zaj paj huam yog Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj. Akhmatova siv lub ntsiab lus no hauv nws tus kheej txoj kev. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas tib neeg xav tau, Akhmatova ntseeg, yog kev ua siab loj. Kev tsom xam ntawm nqe lus qhia yuav ua li cas, tsuas yog ob peb kab, tus kws sau paj huam tuaj yeem qhia lub tswv yim uas cov yeeb ncuab thov kom rhuav tshem Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai, ua qhev cov neeg Lavxias. Nws ua qhov no los ntawm kev tso npe qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau tus neeg Lavxias - lus Lavxias, thawj thiab cim.

Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm nqe "Courage" los ntawm Akhmatova yuav tsum pib nrog kev txiav txim siab ntawm nws txoj kev tsim kho. Nws yog sau nyob rau hauv pentameter amphibrach. Qhov loj no ua rau nqe recitative thiabclarity, nws suab abruptly, invitingly, rhythmically. Paj huam muaj peb nqe lus. Ob tug ntawm lawv yog tag nrho-fledged quatrains, uas yog, lawv muaj plaub kab txuas nrog ib tug ntoo khaub lig rhyme. Qhov thib peb stanza mam li nco dheev xaus ntawm kab peb, uas muaj tsuas yog ib lo lus - "mus ib txhis". Akhmatova li no qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lo lus no, nws ruaj khov thiab kev ntseeg siab nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg thiab lub teb chaws tag nrho. Nrog rau lo lus no, nws teev cov kev xav ntawm cov ntawv nyeem: Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai yuav nyob mus ib txhis, tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem rhuav tshem nws. Tau kawg, tsis yog lus thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm lub teb chaws tuaj yeem sawv tsis tau cov neeg, uas yuav tsum tau ua siab tawv qhawv, tsuas tuaj yeem tso tsis tau.

"Courage", Akhmatova: tsom xam ntawm txhais tau tias kev qhia

Nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev npaj ntawm kev tsom xam ntawm ib nqe lus, muaj ib txwm ib yam khoom "txhais tau hais tias". Ntxiv mus, nws tsis txaus tsuas yog sau lawv tawm, koj kuj yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab ua haujlwm ntawm txhua txoj kev hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Raws li tau sau tseg saum toj no, cov acmeists siv ob peb lub ntsiab lus pom nyob rau hauv lawv cov paj huam, thiab Akhmatova ua raws li tib lub hauv paus ntsiab lus. "Kev ua siab loj", kev tsom xam uas yuav tsum tau xav txog ntawm lexical thiab syntactic cov nuj nqis ntawm kev hais lus, yog qhov txaus siab heev. Cov paj huam pib nrog cov ntsiab lus piv txwv. "Peb Saib" yog qhov tsaus ntuj nti. Lub sij hawm nyuaj poob rau Akhmatova ntau: Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog I, kiv puag ncig, kev tsov kev rog … Thiab tom qab ntawd Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II …xyoo dhau los ntawm Nazi ntxeem tau. Akhmatova personifies Lavxias teb sab lus thiab lus Lavxias teb sab, xa mus rau nws raws li ib tug phooj ywg, rau "koj". Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog no personification, ib tug piv txwv tshwm sim - peb yuav cawm dim ntawm captivity. Qhov kev piv txwv no txhais tau hais tias nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm yeej ntawm Nazi lub teb chaws Yelemees tshaj Russia, Lavxias teb sab lus yuav ploj mus rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau, nws yuav tsis qhia rau cov me nyuam, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob tsim. Thiab kev poob ntawm cov lus Lavxias txhais tau tias kev poob ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov kab lig kev cai qub thiab lub teb chaws tag nrho.

Paj huam siv lexical repetition, tus sau tau mloog rau qee lub ntsiab lus: teev-teev, ua siab loj-ua siab loj (hauv thawj nqe lus). Tus kws sau paj huam kuj siv syntactic parallelism nyob rau hauv lub thib ob stanza, uas txhim kho cov nyhuv ntawm lub tswv yim hais tias cov neeg Lavxias teb sab yuav sib ntaus sib tua desperately, mus rau lub xeem poob ntawm cov ntshav, tsis sparing lawv tus kheej, qhia ua siab loj. Akhmatova (kev tshuaj xyuas ua pov thawj qhov no) tsis hloov lub canons ntawm acmeism, tab sis hais txog qhov teeb meem.