"Sau ntawv ntawm Samson Samasui" (cov ntsiab lus). Ib tug tshiab ntawm kev sib raug zoo thiab kev nom kev tswv foresight

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Ntau zaus, ntawm kev xeem hauv Belarusian lossis Soviet cov ntaub ntawv hauv philological universities, daim pib hais txog cov haujlwm ntawm Belarusian kws sau ntawv Andrey Mryi. Nws cov hauj lwm nrov tshaj plaws yog cov duab kos duab, uas tau txais lub npe "Notes of Samson Samasui" los ntawm tus sau. Txoj haujlwm tau tshaj tawm thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1929. Txhawm rau ua tiav qhov kev xeem, nws tsis yog qhov tsim nyog los nyeem cov haujlwm tag nrho, koj tuaj yeem kawm "Sau ntawv ntawm Samson Samasui" luv luv. Nrog peb kev pab, qhov no tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim li shelling pears.

Ntawm "tus sau" ntawm tus tshiab

Nkauj tawm tshiab yog sau rau thawj tug. Nws yog daim ntawv teev npe ntawm tus kheej ntawm tus thawj coj tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm pawg kab lis kev cai ntawm pawg thawj coj saib xyuas Samson Samasui. Yuav kom nce qib ntawm kab lis kev cai hauv cheeb tsam, tus cwj pwm tseem ceebteeb tsa ntau yam kev coj noj coj ua uas tsis txaus ntseeg, uas tau piav qhia meej hauv nws qhov chaw khaws cia. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm nrog nws cov kev ua ub ua no uas tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo, Samson tseem tabtom ua kom nws lub neej zoo dua qub.

Qhov laj thawj rau kev siv thawj tus neeg piav qhia

Hauv nws qhov kev tshwm sim, Samson Samasui (cov ntsiab lus) ncaj ncees, ncaj ncees thiab tsis muaj exaggeration qhia txog cov xwm txheej ntawm Soviet kev muaj tiag ntawm 20s. Daim ntawv ntawm "chaw muag mis nyuj" tso cai rau koj los npog thiab nthuav tawm ntau qhov loj dua, piv nrog cov dab neeg li ib txwm, teb rau kev qhia ntawm tus kheej kev soj ntsuam thiab kev xav los ntawm Samson Samasui. "Cov ntawv sau ntawm Samson Samasui" (cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv tshiab kuj qhia txog qhov tseeb no) yog sau rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm zaj dab neeg txog kev txom nyem txhua hnub ntawm tus protagonist.

Samson Samasui kuj qhia txog nws qhov kev xav hauv nws qhov laj thawj ntawm kev xaiv ntawm daim ntawv piav qhia. Nws hais tias nws dai ib daim duab hauv nws chav uas piav txog cov lus hais los ntawm ib tus kws tshawb fawb nto moo uas nyiam xav tias yog tib neeg paub txhua yam txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej ntawm ib kab, lawv tuaj yeem zam ntau qhov kev txiav txim siab thiab kev ua yuam kev. Los ntawm cov saum toj no, nws yog tseeb hais tias los ntawm qhov pib ntawm qhov tshiab, Andrey Mryi tso cai rau tus sau phau ntawv teev npe tsis tsuas yog piav qhia, tab sis kuj piav qhia txog cov xwm txheej thiab cov xwm txheej.

Andrey Mryy tiv nrog txoj haujlwm ua tiav, nws tau piav qhia lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv tshiab kom pom tseeb tias tus nyeem ntawv ntseeg: Samasui Samson yog tus neeg tiag tiag. Thiab, raws li cov ntsiab lus hais tias, A. Mryi "Notes of Samson Samasui" tau luam tawm thawj zaug tsis nyob rauthaj chaw ntawm lub union xeev, thiab txawv teb chaws. Hauv nws tsab ntawv "rau ib tus phooj ywg ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm I. V. Stalin" tus kws sau ntawv qhia txog qhov tseeb nthuav: lub chaw ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm uas luam tawm "Sau ntawv ntawm Samson Samasui" tau txais ntau tsab ntawv thov kom tshem tawm cov tub rog ntawm lub zog Soviet Samasui los ntawm tog.

Lub neej ntawm tus protagonist ua ntej pib lub chaw muag mis nyuj

Tus nyeem ntawv kawm tsawg heev txog Samson lub neej yav dhau los. Tus sau zoo li tab tom sim qhia tias tsis muaj dab tsi tseem ceeb hauv nws, txhua yam tseem ceeb hauv lub neej ntawm tus sau phau ntawv teev npe yuav tshwm sim yav tom ntej. Txog Samasui lub neej yav dhau los, tsuas yog qhov uas ncaj qha ua pov thawj rau nws tus cwj pwm coj cwj pwm yog qhia. Xamson los ntawm ib tsev neeg ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb, tab sis nws saib xyuas cov neeg ua liaj ua teb nrog kev saib tsis taus, raws li ib qho kev txaj muag thiab txaj muag.

Tus thawj coj ntawm lub tuam tsev kab lis kev cai ntawm pawg thawj coj saib xyuas nyiam kev tshawb nrhiav lub teeb ci ua haujlwm. Vim yog nws tus cwj pwm zoo li no, Samson raug yuam kom hloov nws txoj haujlwm tsis tu ncua, vim tias tsis muaj cov mov ci yooj yim raws li txoj cai, thiab nws nyiam cov khoom noj qab heev thiab cov khaub ncaws kim kim. Yog li hais, "mob pansky kab mob." Nov yog qhov nws txiv ua tus cwj pwm zoo li Samson.

"Sau ntawv ntawm Samson Samasui" (cov ntsiab lus). Puas yog qhov tshwm sim tau piav qhia los ntawm tus phab ej absurdity lossis kev muaj tiag?

Tsuas yog thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, qhov kev muaj tiag piav los ntawm tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb zoo li absurd. Ntawm chav kawm, tus sau tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj kev xav exaggeration, tab sis lawv ua nkaus xwbkev ua yeeb yam. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua tsis kam lees tias nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1920 nyob rau hauv lub Soviet lub teb chaws muaj nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tag nrho cov kev tswj ntawm pej xeem thiab nom tswv lub neej thiab tag nrho nws phenomena thiab ostentatiously zoo tagnrho cov neeg, phenomena thiab qhov tseeb.

Nrog kev pab los ntawm kev ua tib zoo tsim cov duab ntawm Samson Samasui, Andrey Mry sarcastically hais txog ib tug tag nrho horde ntawm Soviet bureaucrats uas coj ob peb txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lawv lub luag hauj lwm ib zaug. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tau ua nws nrog kev mob siab rau uas thaum kawg lawv tsis muaj lub luag haujlwm rau txhua yam. Cov nom tswv kev tshaj tawm ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau piav qhia txog qhov tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis muaj cov neeg ua haujlwm rau kev hloov pauv kev coj noj coj ua, uas lawv xav ua nrog kev tawm tsam nrog tub rog thiab uas thaum kawg tau hloov mus rau qhov kev ua yeeb yam zoo tib yam thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm kev ua vaj tse nrog lub khw hais lus khoob ntawm ntau yam. rooj sib tham, rooj sib tham thiab rooj sib tham.

Tib Samasui tswj hwm txoj haujlwm ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm cov menyuam yaus lub luag haujlwm, kev sib koom ua ke "down with irresponsibility", district inspector and a member of RVC. Tus phab ej "kev ua ub ua no tsis zoo" tsis zoo li ruam rau nws, nws muaj lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb - tig mus rau hauv txoj hauv kev uas cov thawj coj saib xyuas thiab nco ntsoov xyuas nws, thiab, raws li, ya mus rau txoj haujlwm ntaiv. bureaucratic pyramid.

Samson paub tias txoj kev tswj hwm hauv lub tebchaws muaj peev xwm zam txim rau nws txhua yam, tab sis tsis yog kev ywj pheej thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm tus kheej. Tus thawj coj ntawm pawg thawj coj hauv nroog, Som, tus yam ntxwv Samasui, hais tias lub kaw lus xav tau cov neeg zoo li nws tsawg kawg txhawm rau txhawm rau ntsaws qee qhov nrog lawv hauv qee qhov xwm txheej. Qhov tseem ceeb yog khaws ciatxiv neej nyob rau hauv ob txhais tes, thiab nws yuav tig mus ua ib tug zoo tagnrho riam phom los rhuav tshem cov tiam tiam ntawm yav dhau los.

Samasui as a common noun

Ntawm ib sab, Samson yog ib tug neeg lom zem thiab zoo siab, nws zoo siab thiab tsuas muaj lub zog. Tab sis ib tus neeg ua haujlwm tsis muaj kev ntseeg, tsis muaj peev xwm thiab tsis muaj kev kawm ntawm Soviet bureaucratic tshuab tseem yog tib yam Samasui. Tag nrho nws lub zog vaunted tsuas yog qhia rau kev puas tsuaj, tsis yog tsim. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yeej tsis zam qhov kev tsis pom zoo, yog tus kheej ntseeg siab thiab tsis kam lees kev thuam los ntawm sab nraud. Thiab muaj pes tsawg tus xws li samasuy thiab samasuychik nyob rau hauv cov hnub, uas tau nyob rau hauv inquisitive saib xyuas tag nrho cov kev sib raug zoo lub neej nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm lub Soviets! Peb puas yuav xav tsis thoob ntawm kev coj noj coj ua uas peb pom niaj hnub no?

Cov cog zoo li Samasui xav tau los ntawm Stalinist tag nrho cov tshuab zoo li ntses nyob hauv huab cua, ua tus cog txhais tau tias nyob tau yooj yim, tsis muaj lub luag haujlwm rau txhua yam lossis leej twg. Tus protagonist ntawm qhov tshiab tam sim no raug ntes cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm cov tub ceev xwm: txhua yam tsim ua ntej yuav raug kev puas tsuaj thiab kev puas tsuaj, thiab tsis sau ntawv (xws li kev coj ncaj ncees) yuav tsum muab pov tseg raws li qhov tsis tsim nyog; tsim ib yam dab tsi tshiab, thiab nws tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi, los yog tsawg kawg piav qhia txog cov dej num raws li txoj cai.

Nws txawm hloov nws txoj kev hais lus, nws tau paub tus qauv ntawm kev coj noj coj ua zoo heev uas txawm tias lub hlwb nws tham nrog nws tus kheej, siv cov lus hais lus dav dav-cov lus qhuab qhia, ntawm cov lus hais tau ua ntu zus-clichés zoo li "tsis muaj zog", "shark ntawm imperialism", "tag nrho-Union scale", "sib ntaus sib tua nrog temperament", "ua kom daws teeb meem".

Tsis yog vim, tab sis txawm tias

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias hauv txoj haujlwm no ntawm Andrey Mry tsis muaj ib tus cwj pwm uas yuav zoo. Tej zaum tus kws sau ntawv tau txhob txwm tshaj tawm, txawm hais tias kev thuam tsis zoo ntawm lub sijhawm, uas yuav tsum muaj lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus cwj pwm zoo hauv kev ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau ntseeg tias lub tebchaws Soviet yog kev npau suav kub ntawm noob neej, tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv qab nws.

"Cov Lus Ceeb Toom ntawm Samson Samasui" yog qhov kev xav pom tshiab. Lub pinnacle ntawm Soviet satirical prose

Cov ntawv tshiab "Cov Lus Ceeb Toom ntawm Samson Samasuy" (cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv tshiab vividly ua tim khawv rau qhov no) yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tsis yog Belarusian nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj yog kev sau ntawv ntawm tag nrho lub xeev lub koom haum. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog lub zog ntawm kev ua yeeb yam dav dav, ntau hom palette ntawm cov tswv yim ntawm kev sau ntawv sau dab neeg, kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv satirical, txoj kev nws tau nthuav tawm thiab stylistic originality.

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm Andrey Mryi pom qhov teeb meem thoob ntiaj teb ntawm kev coj tus cwj pwm, uas tseem tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Thiab nws tsuas yog amazing npaum li cas twv, saib mus rau yav tom ntej, nws tau tig los ua. Tsim nws cov ntawv tshiab thaum pib ntawm kev ua phem rau Stalinist kev tsim txom hauv xyoo 1929, Andrei Mry zoo li muaj qhov ua ntej ntawm qhov kev tsim kho ntawm kev ntseeg hauv Soviet Union yuav tig mus rau.

Yog li, nws yog qhov ncaj ncees heev los hu "Cov Lus Cim ntawm Samson Samasui" (cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv tshiab piav qhia qhov no zoo li ua tau) kev pom kev sib raug zoo thiab kev nom kev tswv. Nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv tag nrho, cov ntawv tshiab tau luam tawm thawj zaug nkaus xwb nyob rau hauv 1988, txij li thaum Soviet kev thuam tau suav hais tias nws yog kev phem phem ntawm kev muaj tiag. Tsis ntev tom qab kev tshaj tawm ntawm "Cov Lus Cim ntawm Samson Samasui" raug tso tawm.