2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm tus ntsuj plig ntawm kev hlub neeg siab thiab kev ua pej xeem kub. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm Niam Txiv, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm nws txoj hmoo nrog txoj hmoo ntawm tus kheej, kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib raug zoo thiab kev nco qab tuaj yeem taug qab hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm feem ntau ntawm peb cov kws sau paj huam thiab cov kws sau ntawv. Txawm tias thawj monuments ntawm cov ntaub ntawv - "Cov lus dab neeg ntawm Bygone xyoo", "Cov dab neeg ntawm Igor lub phiaj los nqis tes", "Ipatiev Chronicle" - yog permeated nrog lub tswv yim ntawm kev pab lawv thaj av, tiv thaiv nws los ntawm sab nraud encroachment, tiv thaiv nws cov kev txaus siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, los ntawm kev hais lus ntawm Tolstoy, paj huam ntawm Pushkin thiab Ryleev, Nekrasov thiab Blok, Anna Akhmatova, ib tug tshwj xeeb hero nkag mus rau peb cov ntaub ntawv - ib tug pej xeem uas nco ntsoov txi nws tus kheej, nws tus kheej txoj kev xav thiab passions rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev zoo.
"Koj yuav tsum tau ua pej xeem" - kab nto moo ntawm Nekrasov cov nqe lus, uas tau dhau los ua tis, qhia meej meej cov lus ntawm pej xeem ntawm Akhmatova zoo. "Kuv muaj lub suab …", "Kuv tsis nrog cov …" thiab ntau ntawm nws lwm yam hauj lwm ntawm cov ntsiab lus no qhia tsis tau tsuas yog txoj kev hlub zoo ntawm tus kws sau paj huam rau nws lub Fatherland, tab sis kuj nco ntsoov kev txi, ib tug ruaj khov. txaus siab los qhia txoj hmoo ntawm cov neeg, nws compatriots, tag nrho covlawv kev xyiv fab, kev nyuaj siab thiab kev txom nyem. Txhua zaj paj huam los ntawm Akhmatova yog ib hom nplooj ntawv los ntawm lyrical chaw muag mis nyuj, ib zaj dab neeg txog lub sij hawm thiab txog nws tus kheej, ib tug poetic portrait ntawm lub era. Tsis xav txog nws tus kheej sab nraum lub Motherland, nws flatly tsis kam tawm hauv lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv thawj nthwv dej ntawm emigration, thaum muaj ntau tus neeg sawv cev ntawm Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai, ntshai los ntawm lub kiv puag ncig ntshai thiab kev tuag ntawm lub ntiaj teb noble Russia, nyob zoo rau lawv, maj mam sab laug. nws ciam teb. Thiab tom qab ntawd, tsis tu ncua ntawm kev txaus ntshai thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, kev tsis ncaj ncees ntawm Stalinist repressions, raug ntes ntawm nws tus tub thiab cov monstrous queues ntawm Leningrad Crosses, nws yeej tsis ua xyem xyav rau ib pliag qhov tseeb ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ib zaug ua. Thiab thaum Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, tus poj niam zoo siab, siab tawv, ua siab loj kuj yog "nrog nws cov neeg."
Anna Andreevna hu nws tus kheej yog Leningrad tus ntxhais. Nws yog nws lub nroog - lub nroog ntawm Pushkin thiab hmo dawb, amazing architecture thiab ib tug tshwj xeeb kab lis kev cai thiab muaj tswv yim mus ob peb vas, lub nroog ntawm inspiration thiab poetic muses. Thiab yog li ntawd, lub blockade ntawm Leningrad, uas tus kws sau paj lug tau ntsib ua ntej, resonates nrog xws kev mob nyob rau hauv nws lub siab, ua rau ib tug passionate tawm tsam tawm tsam tus yeeb ncuab thiab ib tug ardent hu rau tiv thaiv nws haiv neeg thaj av, Lavxias teb sab lus yog lub cim ntawm kab lis kev cai, keeb kwm, lub neej ntawm sab ntsuj plig ntawm cov neeg, embodied nyob rau hauv me me tab sis xav tsis thoob cov paj huam "Courage" yog capacious nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus.
Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm Akhmatova paj huam "Courage" yog qhov yooj yim thiab nyuaj tib lub sijhawm. Nws tsis muaj cov cim tsis meej pem, kev xav tsis meej, kev sim hauv kev ua yeeb yam. Chased atherosclerosis, nruj solemnity ntawm nqe, ua tib zoo kho cov lus. Hauv qab nws kabcov tub rog tuaj yeem taug kev, leej twg los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Red Square mus rau pem hauv ntej. Thiab nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, paj huam muaj lub zog loj heev, muaj lub zog zoo kawg nkaus rau cov neeg nyeem thiab mloog. Kev tsom xam ntawm Akhmatova paj huam qhia nws cov neeg siab phem pathos. Hais lus sawv cev ntawm tag nrho cov neeg Soviet, tus kws sau paj huam siv tus neeg thib ob thiab thib peb cov lus tshaj tawm "peb", "peb" ("peb paub", "yuav tsis ncaim peb"). Cov lus qhia yog nyob rau hauv tib daim ntawv grammatical. Qhov no yog li cas ib tug generalized duab ntawm ib tug neeg tiv thaiv tau yug los, nyob rau hauv ib tug impulse npaj txhij txi lawv tus kheej rau txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm lawv haiv neeg thaj av.
Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm Akhmatova cov paj huam, nthuav tawm cov qauv ntawm kev ua haujlwm, tso cai rau peb los qhia txog nws qhov chaw ideological thiab semantic. Nws nyob rau hauv lub npe nws tus kheej - nyob rau hauv lo lus "ua siab loj". Qhov no yog lo lus tseem ceeb hauv lyrical me me. Cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm zaj paj huam, suav nrog tus sau, zoo li peb yog cov neeg uas paub tias muaj kev phom sij hauv ntiaj teb li cas rau lawv, hla lawv lub tebchaws, thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Nrog rau kev nkag siab ntawm lub meej mom, lawv npaj txhij ua tiav lawv lub luag haujlwm, thiab tsis muaj kev tuag yuav txwv tsis pub lawv ("nws tsis txaus ntshai los pw hauv cov mos txwv"), lossis qhov hnyav ntawm tub rog lub neej. Rau lub hom phiaj ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua rau cov lus zoo Lavxias teb sab mus nyob twj ywm dawb, rau cov lus Lavxias teb sab mus rau lub suab nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ces kaum ntawm lub teb chaws - rau qhov no koj muaj peev xwm nyiaj tau txhua yam, nyiaj txiag txhua yam thiab - yeej! Ntawm no yog, ua siab loj thiab ua siab loj, tsim nyog hwm thiab qhuas!
Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm Akhmatova cov paj huam ua rau nws tuaj yeem ntes tsis tau tsuas yog "qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm",ib qho kev hu los tiv thaiv lub teb chaws, tab sis kuj yog ib hom lus rau yav tom ntej rau cov tiam neeg uas yuav hloov cov tam sim no. Tom qab tag nrho, nws hu rau "Lavxias teb sab lo lus" tsis tsuas yog mus rau cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv, tab sis kom nws mus ib txhis, i.e. mus ib txhis, mus ib txhis. Yog li ntawd cov neeg Lavxias yeej tsis txhos caug, kom lawv tsis txhob tso lawv tus kheej mus ua qhev, rhuav tshem lawv cov lus thiab caj ces nco uas muab zais rau hauv.
Qhov tseeb, sau nyob rau lub Ob Hlis Ntuj xyoo 42 nyob deb, zaj paj huam "Kev Ua Siab Loj" yeej ib txwm muaj feem cuam tshuam - ua pov thawj ntawm cov tiam tom ntej mus rau yav tom ntej, ib zaj lus tim khawv cawm txoj sia, kev ywj pheej, kev thaj yeeb.
Pom zoo:
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm paj huam hauv lub neej ntawm tus kws sau ntawv. Poets hais txog paj huam thiab quotes txog paj huam
Dab tsi yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm paj huam hauv txoj hmoo thiab lub neej ntawm cov kws sau paj huam? Paj huam txhais li cas rau lawv? Lawv sau dab tsi thiab xav txog nws? Puas yog nws ua haujlwm lossis kos duab rau lawv? Puas nyuaj ua ib tug kws sau paj lug, thiab txhais li cas los ua ib tug kws sau paj huam? Koj yuav pom cov lus teb rau tag nrho cov lus nug no hauv kab lus. Thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, cov lus teb rau tag nrho cov lus nug no yuav muab rau koj los ntawm cov kws sau paj huam lawv tus kheej hauv lawv cov haujlwm
"Tus kws sau paj huam tuag" Lermontov nqe lus "Tus kws sau paj huam tuag". Lermontov muab rau leej twg "Kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau paj huam"?
Thaum xyoo 1837, tau kawm txog kev tuag ntawm kev tuag, lub qhov txhab tuag, thiab tom qab ntawd kev tuag ntawm Pushkin, Lermontov tau sau cov kev quaj ntsuag "Tus kws sau paj huam tuag …", nws nws tus kheej twb muaj npe nrov hauv kev sau ntawv. Muaj tswv yim biography Mikhail Yurievich pib thaum ntxov, nws cov paj huam romantic hnub rov qab mus rau 1828-1829
Paj huam yav tsaus ntuj. Cov paj huam ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam
Tus nqi paj huam yog ib qho nyuaj rau overestimate. Nws tsis tuag txawm tias nws tsis raug tso cai los tsim kho, txwv tsis pub, raug tsim txom, thaum tus kws sau paj huam nrhiav tsis tau ib qho chaw hauv nws Leej Txiv. Thaum cov neeg tsim tawm mus, nws tseem nyob thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub siab ntawm cov neeg nyeem cov kab lus poetic. Tej hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam yog ib tug tiag tiag kev nplij siab rau tus ntsuj plig
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Lermontov. Lermontov cov paj huam hais txog paj huam
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam hauv Lermontov txoj haujlwm yog ib qho ntawm lub hauv paus. Mikhail Yuryevich mob siab rau ntau yam haujlwm rau nws. Tab sis peb yuav tsum pib nrog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv lub ntiaj teb tus kws sau paj huam - kev kho siab. Nws muaj tus cwj pwm universal. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov no yog tus xaiv ntawm Lermontov tus hero, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, nws foom phem. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam qhia txog kev sib tham ntawm tus tsim thiab nws cov neeg nyeem
Tshaj tawm zaj paj huam "Tus kws sau paj huam thiab neeg pej xeem". Analysis ntawm Nekrasov paj huam "Tus kws sau paj lug thiab cov pej xeem"
Kev tsom xam ntawm zaj paj huam "Tus kws sau paj huam thiab neeg pej xeem", zoo li lwm yam hauj lwm ntawm kev kos duab, yuav tsum pib nrog kev kawm txog keeb kwm ntawm nws cov creation, nrog rau cov teeb meem kev nom kev tswv uas tab tom loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd, thiab cov ntaub ntawv biographical ntawm tus sau, yog tias lawv yog ob qho tib si muaj feem xyuam rau txoj haujlwm