Yazikov Nikolai: biography

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

thawj peb ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th tau cim los ntawm lub sijhawm ntxim nyiam "golden" rau cov ntaub ntawv Lavxias, uas tau muab cov kws sau paj huam tsis zoo ntawm lub sijhawm hu ua Pushkin. Tam sim no lawv yog cov ncej nyob mus ib txhis ntawm kev txawj ntse, kev paub txog kev hlub, kev zoo thiab kev zoo nkauj, vam khom rau ntau tshaj li ib tiam neeg tau loj hlob. Ib tug ntawm cov kws sau paj lug N. M. Yazykov yog ib tug phooj ywg ntawm A. S. Pushkin thiab N. V. Gogol.

Nikolai Yazykov: biography

Tus kws sau paj lug yug rau lub Peb Hlis 4, 1803 hauv ib lub nroog me me ntawm Volga, Simbirsk. Nws cov qub neeg nplua nuj noble tsev neeg muaj keeb kwm tob. Raws li ib tug me nyuam, Nikolai tau coj los rau hauv cov kev coj noj coj ua zoo tshaj plaws. Nws tau txais kev kawm zoo nyob hauv tsev, yog li nws pib sau paj huam thaum ntxov, nws tseem nyiam txoj haujlwm no.

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 12 xyoos, xyoo 1814, nws raug xa mus rau Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Mining Engineers hauv St. Petersburg, qhov chaw uas nws ob tug tij laug kuj kawm. Tab sis daim teb no tsis yog rau Yazykov nyiam, thiab ib ntus tso tseg nws txoj kev kawm. Txawm li cas los xij, tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm Markov, uas hlub nws zoo li nws tus tub, mob siab rau yuam tus tub hluas mus kawm.scientific tej hauj lwm ntawm Derzhavin thiab Lomonosov. Nyob rau hauv 1820, tom qab kawm tiav los ntawm lub koom haum, Yazykov txiav txim siab mus kawm nws nyob rau hauv lub Engineering Corps, tab sis sai sai no nws nres mus kawm cov chav kawm nyob rau hauv, thiab nws raug ntiab tawm.

Nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, Yazykov Nikolai Mikhailovich ua acquaintance nrog ib tug paub zoo cov neeg sau ntawv lub voj voog thiab nyob rau hauv 1819 nws pib luam tawm thawj zaug. Nws qhuas thiab kawm nrog cov xib fwb zoo xws li Karamzin, Zhukovsky, Batyushkov, Byron thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas Pushkin. Thawj zaug pom nws qhov khoom plig poetic yog A. F. Voeikov, uas luam tawm nws cov paj huam nyob rau hauv lub Competitor. Nws kuj tau pom zoo kom Nikolai Mikhailovich nkag mus rau Dorpat Philosophical University, qhov chaw uas tus kws sau paj lug pib kawm Western European, Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv thiab cia poob rau hauv nws haiv neeg keeb kwm.

Cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm qib siab tau nto moo rau lawv txoj kev lom zem lom zem, kev tsis txaus siab, kev haus dej haus, kev sib tw rapier. Yazykov cov paj huam tau pom sai sai thiab ua siab zoo los ntawm Zhukovsky, Delvig thiab Pushkin, uas tau caw nws xyoo 1824 mus rau nws qhov chaw hauv Mikhailovskoye thiab, hauv nqe lus rau A. N. Nws sau ntawv rau Wulf: "Yog, Yazykov, coj tus kws sau paj huam tuaj rau kuv nrog koj!" Tab sis lawv lub rooj sib tham tau tshwm sim tsuas yog ob xyoos tom qab.

Lub neej zoo nkauj

Nyob rau lub sij hawm luv luv lub npe ntawm tus kws sau paj lug tau nto moo, nws cov paj huam muaj suab npe tau muab tso rau hauv suab paj nruag thiab hu nkauj hauv cov tub ntxhais kawm hu nkauj. Yazykov Nikolai txaus siab rau voluptuous Derptian lub neej, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws yeej tsis poob nws lub meej mom lub teb chaws. Thiab txawm tias muaj kev ywj pheej thiab ua phem ib puag ncig, nws txoj kev xav rau nws lub tebchawstxhawb zog thiab hu nkauj hauv paj huam.

Tus kws sau paj lug txawm npaj ib lub voj voog ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm Lavxias. Nyob rau hauv Dorpat, nws tau siv nws qhov zoo tshaj plaws 8 xyoo, tab sis vim muaj kev mob siab rau tsis tu ncua, nws kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv yam tsis muaj daim ntawv kawm tiav xyoo 1829. Yazykov tau txais kev cawmdim los ntawm qhov tseeb tias nws nyeem tau zoo, thiab thaum lub sijhawm ntawd nws muaj lub tsev qiv ntawv loj.

Nws ntsib Pushkin hauv Trigorsky ntawm Wulf's hauv 1826. Lub rooj sib tham no cuam tshuam Yazykov cov paj huam, thiab Pushkin nws tus kheej zoo siab nrog tus kws sau paj huam. Cov yav tas tau piav qhia tag nrho nws cov kev xav hauv nws zaj paj huam "Trigorskoye".

Moscow thiab chaw ua haujlwm

Tom qab kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv hauv 1829, nws tau tsiv mus rau Moscow thiab nyob hauv lub tsev Elagin-Kireevsky ze ntawm Rooj vag liab. Pushkin, Odoevsky, Baratynsky thiab lwm tus neeg feem ntau tuaj xyuas nws ntawm no. Tus kws sau paj huam sai sai nkag mus rau lub voj voog Slavophil ntawm Moscow Bulletin. Lub sijhawm no, nws sau tau ntau yam ntawm nws, ib tug yuav hais, cov paj huam zoo tshaj.

Lub Cuaj Hlis 12, 1831, Nikolai Yazykov tau raug xaiv los ua ib tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Av, uas nws suav tias yog kev cuam tshuam rau nws txoj haujlwm. Los ntawm lub sij hawm no, tus kws sau paj lug xav so kom txaus nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw nyob rau hauv lub countryside thiab sau ntawv ntxiv. Tab sis xyoo 1833, nws tau kuaj pom tias muaj mob neurosyphilis, kab mob ntawm tus txha caj qaum. Nws so haujlwm, tawm hauv Moscow thiab tsiv mus rau nws qhov qub txeeg qub teg hauv Simbirsk, qhov chaw uas nws sau cov nkauj Lavxias thiab nyiam ua paj huam. Tab sis tus kab mob pib maj mam nce, thiab nyob rau hauv 1837 Yazykov mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees, qhov uas nws tsis tau zoo.

Hauv Hanau nws ntsib Gogol, thiab xyoo 1842 lawv tau mus xyuas Rome thiab Venice ua ke. Thaum tus kws sau paj lug yogyooj yim dua, nws mob siab rau muab nws tus cwj mem dua. Lub sijhawm no, Yazykov sau paj huam "Rau Rhine". Thaum kawg ntawm lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1843, nws tus mob tau poob siab thiab nws rov qab los rau nws lub tebchaws. Hauv Moscow, nws tus phooj ywg qub xibfwb Inozemtsev tau saib xyuas nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Tab sis Yazykov maj mam ploj mus, nws tsuas yog kev lom zem yog lub rooj sib tham txhua lub lim tiam ntawm cov kws sau ntawv paub.

Txoj kev xav ntawm nws cov phooj ywg Slavophile, tus kws sau paj huam tau tawm tsam cov neeg sab hnub poob nrog nws cov lus cog lus nto moo "Rau tsis yog peb", uas nws hu ua cov tswv cuab ntawm Westernizing lub voj voog cov yeeb ncuab ntawm fatherland. Ces Yazykov sau ua hauj lwm "Earthquake", uas Zhukovsky suav hais tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab paj huam. Txawm hais tias nws mob hnyav, tus kws sau paj huam tseem sau paj huam thiab, raws li Gogol, tau mus txog lub xeev siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev sau nkauj.

Txoj kev tuag ntawm qhov rooj

Thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1846, Yazykov uas tsis tau yuav txiv tau ua npaws tom qab txias, thiab nws pib npaj rau kev tuag. Tus kws sau paj lug caw ib tug pov thawj tuaj rau nws qhov chaw ua lub luag hauj lwm kawg ntawm ib tug ntseeg tiag tiag, npaj ntees tuag, npaj ib daim ntawv teev cov neeg nws xav pom nyob rau hauv nws lub ntees tuag, thiab txiav txim memorial tais rau noj hmo.

Kaum Ob Hlis 26, 1846 thaum 6 teev tsaus ntuj Yazykov Nikolai tuag ntsiag to. Nws raug faus rau Tverskaya nyob rau hauv lub Koom Txoos ntawm Annunciation thiab faus nyob rau hauv lub Danilov Monastery. Niaj hnub no, nws lub ntxa, zoo li Gogol's, tau raug tsiv mus rau Novodevichy Cemetery.