Opekushin Alexander Mikhailovich, Lavxias teb sab sculptor: biography, ua hauj lwm
Opekushin Alexander Mikhailovich, Lavxias teb sab sculptor: biography, ua hauj lwm

Video: Opekushin Alexander Mikhailovich, Lavxias teb sab sculptor: biography, ua hauj lwm

Video: Opekushin Alexander Mikhailovich, Lavxias teb sab sculptor: biography, ua hauj lwm
Video: tshe nws ntawv ntuag by Yis Yaj nkauj tawm tshiab [ Official MV original ] 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Nyob hauv ntiaj teb no koj tuaj yeem pom ntau lub monuments uas tsis yog tsuas yog xav tsis thoob lub tswv yim nrog lawv txoj kev loj, cov kab ntse, tab sis kuj tseem pab txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho kev kos duab duab puab ntau pua xyoo. Tab sis peb paub dab tsi txog cov neeg uas tsim cov monuments, uas muab ib feem ntawm lawv tus ntsuj plig rau hauv lawv nyiam kev lag luam?

Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav nco ntsoov tus nto moo Lavxias teb sab sculptor. Opekushin Alexander Mikhailovich - nws yog leej twg, nws tau txhawb nqa dab tsi rau ntiaj teb kos duab, thiab nws ua haujlwm li cas?

Opekushin Alexander Mikhailovich
Opekushin Alexander Mikhailovich

Biography

Born A. M. Opekushin thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 28, 1838 (raws li lwm qhov chaw, 1833) hauv lub zos me me ntawm Volga ntawm Svechkino (Yaroslavl xeev). Nws los ntawm ib tsev neeg ua liaj ua teb. Nws txiv yog ib tug qhev ntawm tus tswv av Ekaterina Olkhina, tus kws paub txog tus kheej sculptor.

Txij thaum yau, Opekushin tau qhia txog kev txawj ntse thiab saj, ua rau cov neeg ua liaj ua teb yooj yim ua haujlwm zoo. Nwskawm tiav los ntawm lub zos tsev kawm ntawv. Nws nyuaj heev kom tsis txhob mloog tus tub lub txiaj ntsim, yog li ntawd leej txiv, uas feem ntau ua haujlwm los ntawm tus poj niam hauv St. Petersburg, txiav txim siab xa tus tub mus kawm. Tom qab tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm E. Olkhina, cov tub ntxhais hluas Opekushin thaum muaj hnub nyoog 12 xyoos tau nkag mus rau Tsev Kawm Ntawv Drawing ntawm Imperial Society rau Kev Txhawb Kev Ua Yeeb Yam.

Kev Kawm

Kawm hauv St. Petersburg yog ib qho yooj yim. Thiab es tsis txhob siv peb lub xyoos, nws siv ob zaug xwb. A. M. Opekushin tau qhia lub peev xwm zoo thaum nws kawm thiab yeej lub siab ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam nto moo thiab cov xibfwb. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog Danish sculptor David Jensen. Tom qab kawm tiav los ntawm Tsev Kawm Ntawv Drawing, nws tau caw Opekushin rau nws lub rooj cob qhia ua tus kws kos duab dawb.

Kev kawm ntxiv thiab kev ua haujlwm rau cov tub ntxhais sculptor tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau, vim tias raws li cov ntaub ntawv nws tseem yog ib tug tub qhe. Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem, Opekushin xav tau nyiaj rau tus nqe txhiv - 500 rubles. Ua li no, nws tau ua haujlwm hnyav, ua tiav cov lus txib ntxiv thiab tau txais nyiaj hli.

Kev ntxhov siab muaj zog, kev kawm niaj hnub, tsis muaj kev pw tsaug zog thiab kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo ua rau Opekushin lub cev tsis muaj zog, thiab nws tau mob hnyav. Tsuas yog kev saib xyuas ntawm cov phooj ywg ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov hnub nyoog hluas tau pab kom kov yeej tus kab mob. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1859 Opekushin tau kos npe dawb. Tam sim no nws muaj kev ywj pheej mus txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev muaj tswv yim raws li qhov nws xav tau.

Imperial Academy of Arts tau dhau los ua tus thawj coj tshiab. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, tus sculptor hluas txuas ntxiv mus xyuas Jensen lub rhiav thiab assiduously yeej lub title ntawm ib tug zoo tshaj plaws Russians.cov sculptors.

Imperial Academy ntawm Arts
Imperial Academy ntawm Arts

Ntxhais hmoob

Xyoo 1861, Alexander Mikhailovich tau sib yuav. Hmoov tsis zoo, cov peev txheej tsis muab cov ntaub ntawv tseeb txog nws tus poj niam thiab cov menyuam. Nws tsuas yog paub tias Opekushin muaj ib tsev neeg loj, ob peb tug ntxhais. Cov nyiaj tau los tsis tu ncua los ntawm kev tsim cov duab puab zoo nkauj tau pab txhawb nqa nws.

Opekushin Alexander Mikhailovich yog ib tug neeg ntseeg siab thiab muaj kev ntseeg ruaj khov. Nws tej hauj lwm muaj nuj nqis heev nyob rau hauv lub imperial tsev neeg. Thaum lub sij hawm ib tug nyuaj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv Russia, tsev neeg ntawm lub npe nrov Lavxias teb sab sculptor twb thov thiab tshaib plab. Ntawm kev siv nyiaj pej xeem, nws tau tsiv los ntawm kev tawm tsam St. Petersburg (ces Petrograd) mus rau Opekushin lub xeev. Thiab tom qab ntawd hauv Rybnitsy nws tau txais ib lub tsev rau kev siv dawb. Alexander Mikhailovich nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog siab heev thiab tsis tau koom nyob rau hauv nws nyiam khoom siv tes ua. Txawm li cas los xij, Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Kawm tau faib nyiaj rau kev kawm rau nws tsev neeg.

Xyoo 1923, Opekushin poob mob ntsws thiab tuag. Nws raug faus rau hauv tib lub zos Rybnitsa, ib sab ntawm lub Koom Txoos ntawm tus Cawm Seej, uas nws tau ua kev cai raus dej. Ib nrab xyoo tom qab, ib lub qhov ntxa me me tau tshwm sim ntawm tus sculptor lub ntxa. Thiab nyob rau hauv 2012, ib tug tsis paub admirer ntawm Opekushin txoj hauj lwm faib nyiaj rau ib tug granite tombstone nrog inscription: "Rau tus zoo sculptor los ntawm cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv."

pib ua haujlwm

Opekushin Alexander Mikhailovich pib ua hauj lwm ntxov raws li ib tug kws kos duab thiab sculptor. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 17 xyoo, nws tau tsim txoj cai ntawm tus tswv uas txawj ntse. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov hloov pauv hauv nws txoj hmoo yog xyoo 1862. Lub bas-relief "Cov tubtxib saum ntuj tshaj tawm txog Tswv Yexus Khetos rau cov neeg yug yaj" tau los uaib hom kev pib hauv kev kos duab zoo rau ib tug hluas sculptor.

Tsis ntev nws tau pom los ntawm tus kws ua yeeb yam nto moo Mikhail Mikeshin thiab tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim lub monument hauv Novgorod "Lub Millennium ntawm Russia" - ib qhov project loj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Tau kawg, kev koom tes nrog Mikeshin muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau Opekushin. Txawm li cas los xij, tib lub sijhawm, nws hnyav hnyav rau ntawm tus sculptor. Cov style ntawm cov tub ntxhais sculptor yog loj tsim nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab sculptor Mark Antokolsky, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, nws cov mlom ntawm Ivan lub txaus ntshai thiab Peter I.

hniav duab puab
hniav duab puab

Ua haujlwm

Opekushin tau tsim ntau ntau tus kws tshaj lij thoob plaws hauv nws txoj haujlwm. Rau ib txhia ntawm lawv, tus sculptor Lavxias teb sab tau txais khoom plig thiab lub npe. Tab sis, hmoov tsis, ib feem loj ntawm cov monuments tau demolished thaum lub sij hawm revolutionary. Xws li, piv txwv li, yog lub monument rau Alexander II. Nws tau qhib rau xyoo 1898. Lub bronze monument sawv ze ntawm phab ntsa Kremlin sab qab teb.

Opekushin tau dhau los ua neeg paub txog nws cov haujlwm ua qauv qhia ntawm World Exhibition hauv Paris. Cov no muaj xws li ib tug chased phaj piav txog keeb kwm scenes, uas tau ua raws li tus qauv ntawm tus tswv.

Nws tsis tuaj yeem tsis lees paub qhov kev pab cuam loj heev uas Opekushin Alexander Mikhailovich tau ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias thiab lub ntiaj teb cov duab puab. Nws sculptures yog txawv los ntawm ib tug yooj yim, txwv tsis pub, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm sib sib zog nqus ib tug neeg yam ntxwv ntawm kev tua. Cov npe ntawm cov haujlwm suav nrog monuments rau cov kws sau paj huam nto moo A. S. Pushkin thiab M. Yu. Lermontov, naturalist Karl von Baer thiab Admiral Greig, ib tug bust ntawm Countess Shuvalova thiabTsarevich Nikolai Alexandrovich.

Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws kos duab raug suav hais tias yog cov neeg thuam tsis zoo thiab hais tawm. Piv txwv li, lub monument rau Emperor Alexander III tsis tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm cov neeg niaj hnub.

opekushin monument rau Pushkin
opekushin monument rau Pushkin

Tus pej thuam Peter I

Opekushin nyiam ua haujlwm nrog cov duab puab ntawm cov duab keeb kwm nto moo. Kev vam meej tshwj xeeb yog nws txoj haujlwm tau mob siab rau Peter I. Tus pej thuam qhia txog huab tais zaum ntawm lub rooj zaum hauv ib lub tsho thiab lub hauv caug khau.

Tus sculptor amazingly tswj tau lub impulsiveness thiab txav ntawm tus cwj pwm uas Peter lub Great muaj. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li tau hais los saum no, qhov no yog deb ntawm qhov tsuas yog portrait masterpiece tsim los ntawm tus tswv.

Monument to Pushkin

Ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas tsim los ntawm Opekushin yog lub cim rau Pushkin. Tus sculptor pib tsim nws hauv 1872, tso tseg tag nrho lwm yam haujlwm. Nws siv peb xyoos ntev los tsim ib daim duab kos duab ntawm lub monument. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, tus tswv yuav tsum tau kawm ntau tshaj li kaum ob daim duab ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab nws txoj haujlwm. Tom qab Opekushin tus neeg sib tw tau txais kev pom zoo hauv xyoo 1875, nws tau pib siv cov duab kos. Tus sculptor coj tus kws kes duab vajtse I. Bogomolov ua nws tus pab.

Tsuas tsib xyoos tom qab, tag nrho cov haujlwm tau ua tiav. Thiab nyob rau lub rau hli ntuj 6, 1880, ib tug monument rau tus poj Lavxias teb sab kws sau paj lug A. S. tau officially qhib rau Tverskoy Boulevard nyob rau hauv Moscow. Pushkin. Lub bronze monument sawv majestically ntawm ib tug pedestal thiab tam sim ntawd aroused loj txaus siab rau ntawm lub nroog.

Thiab niaj hnub no tus kws sau paj huam Lavxias hauv kev ua yeeb yam tooj liab tau xav zoo sawv ntawm ib qho ntawm txoj kev tseem ceeb ntawm lub peev hauvib tug elegant frock tsho tiv no, tshaj uas ib tug dav-brimmed cloak yog pov. Nyob rau hauv nws posture, ib tug xav tias yooj yim, liveliness. Lub ntsej muag me ntsis ntawm lub taub hau thiab Pushkin lub ntsej muag qhia kev tshoov siab thiab lub hwj chim loj.

Opekushin nws tus kheej suav tias yog lub cim rau Pushkin yog ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm loj tshaj plaws thiab loj tshaj plaws, hauv kev siv uas nws tau nqis peev tsis yog nws lub sijhawm thiab kev rau siab, tab sis kuj yog ib feem ntawm nws tus ntsuj plig, kev hlub rau paj huam.

monument rau lermontov
monument rau lermontov

Monument to Lermontov

Xyoo 1889, nws tig mus rau lwm tus kws sau paj huam Lavxias nto moo thiab tsim ib lub monument rau Lermontov hauv Pyatigorsk. Nws cov ntsiab lus ib nrab ntes tau qhov kev tshoov siab thiab kev xav tsis kawg ntawm tus kws sau paj huam - Caucasus.

Saib ntawm lub monumental Lermontov, koj involuntarily ntes koj tus kheej xav tias tus kws sau paj lug, tom qab ib co taug kev, zaum saum lub pob zeb thiab, nyo hau nws lub taub hau, qhuas lub kaus mom dawb-dawb ntawm lub roob. Nws ntsia pom kev xav tob tob thiab kev tshoov siab. Qee cov neeg nyiam ntawm cov duab puab xav tias lub monument rau Lermontov ntes tus kws sau paj huam es tu siab thiab dab tuag, nrog cov ntse ntse. Thaum nws portraits hais ntau softness. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev tsim ntawm tus kws kos duab no, ntawm tus kheej thiab kev nkag siab, tseem yog qhov kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub nroog.

Monument to Muravyov-Amursky

Lub tsev loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia ua ntej kev tawm tsam thiab ua haujlwm ntawm Opekushin (16 meters siab) yog lub monument rau suav Muravyov-Amursky, tus tswv xeev ntawm Eastern Siberia. Tom qab nws tuag nyob rau hauv 1881, Emperor Alexander III txiav txim siab mus perpetuate lub cim xeeb ntawm nws cov neeg txheeb ze. Yog li ntawd, xyoo 1886, nws tshaj tawm kev sib tw raucov sculptors. Ntawm lawv yog "golden trinity" Mikeshin, Antokolsky thiab Opekushin.

Qhov project ntawm Alexander Mikhailovich tau lees paub tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Lub ntees ntawm lub monument tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1888, thiab peb xyoos tom qab nws tau officially qhib nyob rau hauv Khabarovsk thiab ntsia rau ntawm lub pob tsuas Khabarovsk. Daim duab ntawm cov suav towered rau ntawm ib tug pedestal, nws ntsia tau ncaj qha mus rau Tuam Tshoj. Lub pedestal tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog tsib lub cim nco txog cov plaques nrog cov npe ntawm cov tub ceev xwm thiab cov neeg pej xeem uas koom nrog kev koom ua ke ntawm thaj av Amur rau Russia. Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 1925, nrog rau "Txoj Cai ntawm Monuments", lub monument raug rhuav tshem thiab muab rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm hauv zos, thiab tom qab ntawd txiav rau hauv cov khoom seem.

Opekushin Alexander Mikhailovich sculptures
Opekushin Alexander Mikhailovich sculptures

Ntxhais duab puab

Cov duab puab zoo nkauj nyob hauv qhov chaw tshwj xeeb hauv Opekushin txoj haujlwm. Nws yog nws leej twg yog tus kawm ntawm nws txoj kev mob siab rau, kev txhim kho thiab lub ntsiab ntawm cov nyiaj tau los. Nws ua tsaug rau nws tias Alexander Mikhailovich tau lees paub tias yog ib tus qauv zoo nkauj thaum tseem hluas.

Tom qab kev txawj ntse ntawm kev tua cov bas-reliefs thiab nto moo xya tus duab rau lub monument rau Catherine II nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, Opekushin tau commissioned los decorate lub Royal Doors rau lub iconostasis nyob rau hauv lub Sawv Rov Los Cathedral. Thiab nws ua tau zoo heev.

Cov duab duab tawg, uas tau tsim los ntawm tus kws kos duab, tau qhia txog qhov tseeb nrog kev xav tsis thoob ntawm tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd ntawm tus sau cov hauj lwm ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub sculpture, kos duab historians hais txog lub artistic nthuav qhia ntawm cov duab thiab cov elegance thiab softness ntawm cov kab.

khoom plig thiab lub npe

  • Nyob rau hauv kev cob qhiaImperial Academy of Arts Opekushin Alexander Mikhailovich tau txais nws thawj qhov khoom plig - ib qho khoom plig nyiaj - rau qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub bas-relief ntawm lub ntsiab lus hauv phau Vajlugkub.
  • Xyoo 1864, rau cov duab kos duab ntawm cov mlom "Belisarius" thiab "Cupid thiab Psyche", tus sculptor tau txais lub npe ntawm cov kws kos duab tsis yog chav kawm. Tsib xyoos tom qab, nws tau nce qib ntawm qib no mus rau qib kawm qib 2, thiab txawm tias tom qab ntawd tau txais qib 1.
  • Qhov kev ua tiav tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog lub npe ntawm tus kws tshaj lij, uas Opekushin tau txais txiaj ntsig xyoo 1872. Imperial Academy of Arts suav nrog nws hauv cov neeg ua haujlwm kev kawm vim nws qhov ua tau zoo thiab cov haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub xeev: lub bust ntawm Tsarevich thiab tus pej thuam ntawm Peter the Great.
  • Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, lub koom haum ntawm Natural Science Lovers muab khoom plig Alexander Mikhailovich ib tug loj kub puav pheej rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm thematic tej hauj lwm.
  • Opekushin txoj kev yeej tseem nyob rau qib thoob ntiaj teb. Ib qho ntawm qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws yog thawj qhov khoom plig uas nws tau txais hauv Estonia, lub nroog ntawm Tartu (ces Dorpat) rau kev tsim lub monument rau Karl Baer. Nrog rau Opekushin, sculptors los ntawm Tebchaws Europe thiab Amelikas tau koom nrog qhov kev sib tw no.
  • monument rau alexander ii
    monument rau alexander ii

Npaj qhov tseeb

  • Nyob rau xyoo 1978, hauv kev nco txog tus kws kos duab (ntawm nws lub hnub yug 140th), ib lub hnab ntawv uas muaj duab kos duab tau muab nrog nws cov duab kos rau pem hauv ntej.
  • Xyoo 1986, astronomer Lyudmila Chernykh nrhiav pom lub hnub qub, uas nws tau hu ua tus kws kos duab Lavxias.
  • Txij li xyoo 1993, Opekushin Yaroslavl nqi zog tau muab khoom plig txhua xyoo rau cov neeg muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
  • In 2013Olga Davydova luam tawm ib phau ntawv hais txog lub neej thiab kev ua hauj lwm ntawm sculptor. Los ntawm txoj kev, tus sau luam tawm cov ntawv sau txog Opekushin ob peb zaug. Phau ntawv no muaj cov lus piav qhia txog lub sijhawm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus tswv zoo. Nws siv sijhawm li 30 xyoo los tsim nws. Thiab vim li cas rau kev tshaj tawm yog ob hnub ib zaug: 175th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev yug me nyuam ntawm Opekushin (yug 1833 raws li qhov chaw) thiab 90th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj kev tuag.

P. S

Tus piv txwv uas Alexander Mikhailovich Opekushin tau qhia rau lub ntiaj teb, nws biography thiab kev ua tiav hauv kev kos duab, yog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm ib tug serf. Nws yog ib tus thawj coj tawm tsam kev sib raug zoo thiab tau ua pov thawj tias tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo lossis lwm yam kev txwv txwv tsis pub tus neeg ua qhov nws nyiam thiab tsim ib yam dab tsi zoo nkauj, mus ib txhis ua rau nco txog nws tus kheej hauv ntiaj teb no. Thiab txawm hais tias tus sculptor Lavxias teb sab tsis nco qab rau ntau xyoo tom qab ntau yam qhuas thiab lub npe, art historians paub tseeb tias nws cov kab nyob rau hauv monumental sculptural art yog twv yuav raug hu tob thiab tsis muaj ciam teb ciam teb.

Pom zoo: