Portraits ntawm Derzhavin Gabriel

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin yog tus kws sau paj huam zoo tshaj plaws, tus neeg sawv cev ntawm Lavxias teb sab classicism, ib tug pej xeem neeg uas mob siab rau nws lub neej thiab nws txoj hauj lwm los ua hauj lwm rau lub teb chaws thiab lub empress. Nws tau los ua tus tsim ntawm paj huam solemn, uas tau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev kav ntawm Catherine II. Tus cwj pwm txawv tshaj plaw, tus neeg nrhiav qhov tseeb thiab tus yeej ntawm kev hwm, nws tau sau nws lub npe hauv keeb kwm ntawm peb lub teb chaws rau ntau pua xyoo.

Txoj kev ntawm ib tug tub rog mus rau ib tug nom tswv

Tus kws sau paj huam yav tom ntej yug thaum Lub Xya Hli 14, 1743 hauv lub zos me me ntawm Karmachi, ze rau Kazan. Nws niam nws txiv yog ib tug me me av loj nobles: nws niam, Fekla Andreevna Kozlova, thiab nws txiv, uas nws poob thaum yau thaum yau, Second Major Roman Nikolaevich.

Gavriil Romanovich, tau kawm ntau xyoo ntawm Kazan Gymnasium, tso nws thiab nkag mus rau kev pabcuam ntawm Preobrazhensky Regiment ua tub rog zoo tib yam, uas nws tau koom nrog kev rhuav tshem ntawm Peter III thiab kev txhawb siab ntawm Catherine II. Twb tau nyob rau hauv 1772, Derzhavin tau los ua tub ceev xwm thiab koom nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm Pugachev uprising.

Hloov tub rogkev ua haujlwm hauv pej xeem, tus kws sau paj huam zoo nyob hauv kev pabcuam Senate rau qee lub sijhawm. Tab sis txoj kev no kuj tau pos. Ua tus yeej zoo ntawm kev hwm thiab kev ncaj ncees, Gavriil Romanovich yeej tsis tau nrog cov tub ceev xwm nyiam nyiaj thiab siab hlob, thiab yog li ntawd tsis tu ncua hloov txoj haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv 1782, Derzhavin tau sau ib tug txaus siab ode "Felitsa", muab siab rau tus yawm Empress Catherine, uas nws tau raug xaiv los ua tus tswv xeev ntawm Olonets, thiab ces Tambov.

Tus kws sau paj huam zoo tau tswj tsis tau raws li Empress nws tus kheej, uas nws tau raug tshem tawm ntawm nws tus kheej txee-secretary. Xyoo 1802-1803, nws tau tuav lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Minister of Justice, tab sis nws tsis pom kev ncaj ncees ntawm no ib qho, yog li nws so haujlwm thaum muaj hnub nyoog 60.

Creativity for the Motherland

Ua haujlwm ntawm tus huab tais, Derzhavin tsis tso paj huam. Nws yog nws lub ntiaj teb, nws qhov tseem ceeb. Tus kws sau paj huam zoo tau pib luam tawm xyoo 1773. Muaj kev ntseeg siab rau cov tswv yim ntawm kev paub txog huab tais huab tais, Derzhavin sim ua raws li Lomonosov thiab Sumarokov.

Txij li xyoo 1779, Gavriil Romanovich tau pib ua raws li nws tus kheej style hauv nws txoj haujlwm - philosophical lyrics. Yog li ntawd, lub odes "Nyob rau hauv kev tuag ntawm tub huabtais Meshchersky", "Vajtswv", "Dej dej tsaws tsag", thiab lwm yam. Gavriil Romanovich yog ib tug kws sau paj lug multifaceted. Ua ntej nws tuag, nyob rau hauv 1816, nws pib tsim nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm dramaturgy thiab tsim ob peb tragedies: Dobrynya, Herod thiab Mariamne, Pozharsky, thiab lwm yam. Ua nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm kev sau ntawv lub voj voog "Kev sib tham ntawm Lavxias teb sab Lovers. Cov lus "Derzhavin nyiam Zhukovsky, thiab kuj yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj pom cov txuj ci ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Pushkin. Nyob rau hauv 1816, tus kws sau paj lug tuag nyob rau hauv lub qub txeeg qub tes ntawm Zvanka, Novgorod xeev.

Daim duab ntawm Derzhavin hauv portraits

Undoubtedly, kev xaav ntawm ib tug neeg keeb kwm yog inextricably txuas nrog nws portraits, uas tau los rau peb los ntawm qhov tob ntawm lub sij hawm. Gabriel Derzhavin tsis muaj kev zam. Lub sijhawm nws lub neej, ob peb daim duab zoo nkauj tau pleev xim rau, ua tsaug uas peb tuaj yeem tau txais daim duab tiav ntawm tus neeg zoo.

Txhuam txhuam ntawm tus kws kos duab V. L. Borovikovsky yog ob daim duab ntawm Gavriil Derzhavin, rov qab mus rau 1795 thiab 1811. Ntawm lawv, tus kws sau paj huam tau piav qhia nyob rau ntau lub sijhawm ntawm nws lub neej. Cov kws ua yeeb yam A. A. Vasilevsky thiab N. Tonchi kuj immortalized duab ntawm tus kws sau paj huam nyob rau hauv lawv cov canvases. Keeb kwm thiab txoj hmoo ntawm cov portraits no txawv, tab sis ib yam yog tib yam: ib tug txiv neej uas muaj sia nyob, ntse ob lub qhov muag tab tom saib peb ntawm lub canvases, ib tug txiv neej ntawm lub siab ci ntsa iab thiab tsis tshua muaj meej mom.

Derzhavin hauv portraits los ntawm V. L. Borovikovsky

Borovikovsky yog tus kws kos duab nto moo ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, tus kws tshaj lij ntawm kev kos duab, ua tsaug rau tus uas tam sim no peb paub tias tus cwj pwm zoo ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd zoo li cas. Nws pleev xim rau Paul I, Catherine II, Tub Vaj Ntxwv Kurakin thiab ntau lwm tus. Nws kuj tau tsim ob lub npe zoo ntawm Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin.

Nyob rau hauv daim duab hnub rov qab mus rau 1795, tus kws sau paj lug thiab pej xeem cov duab tshwm rau peb nyob rau hauv nws ceremonial hnav ris tsho nrog cov khoom plig siab. Saib ntawm nws, peb nkag siab tias nws yog ib tus neeg muaj zog,industious thiab extraordinarily perceptive. Derzhavin zoo nkaus li zoo siab, tab sis tib lub sij hawm zoo-naturedly, nrog ib nrab luag nyav. Ib tug tau txais kev tshoov siab tias tus kws kos duab pom Derzhavin ntawm kev ua haujlwm: tus kws sau paj huam tau zaum ntawm lub nraub qaum ntawm cov ntawv nplua nuj uas muaj ntaub thaiv, thiab nws txhais tes tau muab tso rau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntawv sau. Koj tuaj yeem xav txog daim duab no hauv Xeev Tretyakov Gallery.

Hauv lwm daim duab ntawm Derzhavin xyoo 1811, peb pom ib tug txiv neej laus me ntsis, hauv qhov muag uas muaj tswv yim pom qhov hluav taws ntawm lub neej thiab kev nqhis dej rau kev ua si tseem kub hnyiab. Tus kws sau paj lug kuj hnav khaub ncaws tag nrho ntawm no, tab sis twb muaj ntau yam khoom plig rau nws, uas hais txog kev ua tiav ntau xyoo ntawm nws lub neej. Cov duab kos tsis yog nyob rau sab hauv, tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov hnyav dua, tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau los tsaus nti, uas tsis zoo rau tus kws kos duab.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws

Daim duab ntawm Derzhavin Vasilevsky hnub rov qab mus rau 1815. Nws depicts tus kws sau paj lug ib xyoos ua ntej nws tuag. Vasilyevsky pom nws raws li ib tug neeg laus, tus txiv neej txawj ntse uas ib zaug tuav ib tug high qeb thiab nyob rau hauv zoo sawv ntawm lub tsev hais plaub. Txawm hais tias nws muaj hnub nyoog dhau los, qhov kev ua neej zoo li qub thiab kev xav paub xav pom hauv nws lub qhov muag.

Gavriil Romanovich tshwm sim ua ntej peb hauv nws lub tsev hnav khaub ncaws, nrog rau lub kaus mom hmo ntuj ntawm nws lub taub hau. Ib tug tau txais kev xav tias nws, npaj txhij mus pw, tseem tsis tau muaj sij hawm los muab lub tswm ciab nyob rau hauv nws txhais tes, thiab nws illuminates nrog nws calm lub teeb lub ntsej muag nyob rau hauv noble wrinkles thiab ib tug tsaus chav tsev.

Irkutsk Derzhavin

Ib qho keeb kwm nthuav dav rau kev tsim cov duab ntawm Derzhavin los ntawm Italian N. Tonchi. Qhov tseeb yog tias Irkutsk tub lag luam thiabIb tug zoo qhuas ntawm tus kws sau paj lug txoj hauj lwm, Sibiryakov xa ib tug nplua nuj lub kaus mom thiab ib tug sable pluab tsho tiv no rau ib tug khoom plig rau nws tus mlom. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub tsho tiv no uas tus kws sau paj lug tshwm nyob rau hauv ob zoo tib yam portraits ntawm loj loj loj tsim los ntawm cov Italian. Derzhavin tau piav qhia zaum hauv cov daus ntawm ko taw ntawm pob tsuas.

Ib qho ntawm cov duab pom nws qhov chaw nyob hauv chav noj mov ntawm St. Petersburg lub tsev ntawm tus kws sau paj huam zoo. Nyob rau ntawm nws, tus sau sau tseg ib tug kos npe nyob rau hauv Latin, uas nyeem: "Kev ncaj ncees nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb, tus yaj saub ntsuj plig nyob rau hauv lub ruddy sunrise, thiab lub siab thiab kev ncaj ncees nyob rau hauv lub dawb huv ntawm cov daus."

Daim ntaub thib ob tau mus rau Sibiryakov, ua rau nws zoo siab thiab txaus siab heev. Cov duab ntawm G. R. Derzhavin tau muab tso rau hauv chav tshwj xeeb Derzhavin. Tom qab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov tub lag luam, cov duab kos tau khaws cia rau hauv ib lub tsev rau lub sijhawm ntev, raug dampness thiab txias. Tus exiled artist Vronsky tau muab nws lub neej thib ob, uas tsis yog tsuas yog txawj kho qhov kev puas tsuaj rau daim duab, tab sis kuj tau los ua tus sau ntawm Tonchi zoo, pleev xim rau qhov qub Irkutsk hauv keeb kwm yav dhau.

Kev txom nyem ntawm daim ntaub tsis tas. Nyob rau hauv 1917, thaum lub sij hawm sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Red Guards nrog cov junkers, nws tau phem heev los ntawm cov mos txwv thiab, zoo li, nws yuav tsis rov qab los. Tab sis nyob rau hauv 1948-1952. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev siv zog zoo ntawm cov neeg kho dua tshiab, cov haujlwm ntawm kev kos duab no tau pom lub neej tshiab dua. Daim duab portrait, uas ib zaug tau koom nrog tus kws sau paj huam, tau khaws cia hnub no hauv Tretyakov Gallery, nws qhov thib ob tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv cov duab kos duab hauv nroog Irkutsk.