"Ua neej zoo li qub", Chukovsky. Summary, tsom xam

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Ua ntej tshaj plaws, Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky yog lub npe hu ua tus sau cov menyuam yaus cov paj huam txog Moidodyr thiab cov rooj zaum ya. Tab sis tus kws sau ntawv kuj yog ib tus neeg sau ntawv thuam thiab tawm tswv yim rau kev khaws cia ntawm cov lus muaj zog, vibrant Lavxias teb sab. Phau ntawv "Alive as Life" mob siab rau qhov teeb meem no (thawj luam tawm xyoo 1962) tau dhau los ua classic. Peb yuav tham txog nws cov ntsiab lus hnub no.

Tshooj 1: "Kub thiab Tshiab"

Zaj dab neeg hais txog tus kws lij choj nto moo thiab kws tshaj lij Anatoly Koni qhib thawj tshooj "Kev ua neej zoo li lub neej" (Chukovsky), cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov tam sim no peb yuav txheeb xyuas. Anatoly Fedorovich tau paub tias yog ib tug txiv neej uas muaj siab zoo heev. Tab sis tsuas yog mus txog rau lub sijhawm thaum kuv hnov lus tsis txaus ntseeg Lavxias. Ntawm no nws txoj kev npau taws paub tsis muaj kev cia siab, txawm hais tias feem ntau tus interlocutor tsis yog tiag tiag rau txim.

Qhov tseeb yog thaum ntawd tus kws kawm ntawv qib siab twb laus lawm. Nws yug los thiab loj hlob nyob rau lub sij hawm uas lo lus "tseem ceeb" txhais tau tias"ua siab zoo, hwm." Tab sis nws tau siv lub ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm lub sijhawm, thiab tam sim no txhais tau tias "tseem ceeb." Leej twg siv lo lus "tseem ceeb" ntawm "tseem ceeb" tam sim ntawd poob rau hauv kev thuam thuam.

Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky tham txog cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov lus, thiab txawm tias nws ib txwm phem, txog "kab mob" ntawm Lavxias hais lus thiab lwm yam hauv phau ntawv no.

Tshooj ob: "Kev xav txog kab mob thiab qhov tseeb"

Yuav ua li cas thiaj suav tau tias "kab mob ntawm lo lus"? Phau ntawv "Alive as Life" (Chukovsky), uas nws hom tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog qee yam ntawm kev sau xov xwm thiab kev tshawb fawb lus, pab kom nkag siab qhov teeb meem no.

Koj puas paub tias hauv Pushkin cov paj huam lo lus "scrupulous" muaj lub ntsiab lus txawv txawv rau peb - "haberdashery"? Lo lus "tsev neeg", yog li paub, thawj txhais tau hais tias qhev thiab tub qhe, thiab tom qab ntawd - tus poj niam. Ib qho nthuav "pedigree" thiab lo lus "mess". Thaum xub thawj, qhov no yog lub npe ntawm cov zaub mov zoo heev ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, uas tau hlub los ntawm boyars. Tom qab ntawd ib qho kev ntxhov siab pib hu ua mob hnyav hauv plab los ntawm tus neeg hais lus phem. Tub rog ua noj muab cov ntses uas tsis tau muab tso rau hauv cov xuab zeb rau hauv lub cauldron, dos, crackers, sauerkraut thiab txhua yam uas nyob ntawm tes. Thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd "kev ntxhov siab" tau txais lub ntsiab lus ntawm "kev ntxhov siab, kev ntxhov siab".

Cov kev hloov pauv no yog qhov ntuj tsim, cov lus loj hlob thiab txhim kho, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau thiab txawm ruam los tawm tsam qhov no, tus sau ntseeg.

Tshooj 3: "Cov lus txawv teb chaws"

tshooj no yog ib qho laj thawj txuas ntxiv ntawm yav dhau los. Phau ntawv "Alive as Life" (Chukovsky), cov ntsiab lus uas peb tab tom tham, yuav ua tsis tiav yam tsis muaj lus txawv teb chaws. Ntau tsab ntawv tau sau rau Korney Chukovsky los ntawm cov neeg zoo tib yam uas mob siab rau kev khaws cia ntawm cov lus Lavxias. Ntau tus xav tias cov lus txawv teb chaws yuav tsum raug txiav kom sai li sai tau.

Tus sau muab piv txwv ntawm cov lus txawv teb chaws uas tau ntev los ua Lavxias: algebra, cawv, stocking, artel, rally, kauj, kauj, naive, loj … "Puas yog tiag tiag muab pov lawv tawm ntawm kev nyob lus Russian?" Chukovsky nug. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws zoo siab tias ntau lo lus txawv teb chaws tsis tau siv lub hauv paus hauv lub neej txhua hnub thiab tsis tau hloov cov thawj Lavxias teb sab. Piv txwv li, ib zaug nrov "freestikkat" yuav tsis tuaj rau hauv cov lus ntawm tib neeg. Hloov chaw, peb "tau noj tshais."

Tshooj Plaub: "Umslopogasy"

Cov lus luv luv luv kuj tsis tuaj yeem ua rau cov lus Lavxias tsis zoo. Tab sis nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm "Living as Life" (Chukovsky), qhov kev tsom xam uas peb tab tom ua, tag nrho tshooj yog mob siab rau lawv. Thiab tsis nyob rau hauv vain. Nws yog cov ntawv luv uas qhia tias kev sib haum xeeb tseem ceeb npaum li cas hauv txhua yam. Piv txwv li, cov ntawv luv luv xws li Moscow Art Theatre, nyiaj qiv nyiaj, hnub ua haujlwm tsis ua rau Lavxias hais lus txhua.

Tab sis kev zam rau cov ntawv luv tau ua rau ntau "dab". Tverbul Pampush yog tiag tiag Tverskoy Boulevard, ib tug monument rau Pushkin. Cov npe luv luv - Pyotr Pavlovich hloov mus ua Pe Pa rau cov tub ntxhais kawm,thiab cov xib fwb qhia ntawv. Tab sis qhov phem tshaj yog cov ntawv luv-pallindromes Rosglavstankoinstrumentsnabsbyt, Lengorshveitrikotazpromsoyuz, Lengormetallorempromsoyuz thiab lwm yam ntawm hom no.

Los ntawm qhov no peb yuav tsum xaus, ib qho tseem ceeb: txhua yam nyob ntawm kev nkag siab ntawm style thiab proportionality.

Tshooj 5: "Vulgarisms"

Cov neeg nyeem xyoo 1960 feem ntau suav hais tias "kev qias neeg" xws li cov lus "grey paws", "tsho", "stink", "rubbish", "muab koj lub qhov ntswg" thiab ntau lo lus zoo sib xws, uas yog ntuj tiag tiag rau ib tus neeg. neeg niaj hnub. Tus neeg sau nco txog tsab ntawv npau taws uas tau hais rau nws vim nws siv lo lus "slurp" hauv kab lus.

Vulgar slang ntawm cov hluas niaj hnub no yog lwm qhov teeb meem, sau Chukovsky hauv "Ua li lub neej". Cov ntsiab lus luv luv ntawm tshooj boils mus rau qhov tseeb hais tias xws li jargon li "Bullshit", "shendyapilsya" (es tsis txhob "poob rau hauv kev hlub"), "tus txiv neej", "kadryshka" (tsis yog "ntxhais"), "lobuda", "chicara" thiab lwm yam desecrate tsis tsuas yog cov lus Lavxias, tab sis kuj yog cov ntsiab lus uas cov tub ntxhais hluas siv rau.

Tus sau tau sau tseg tias tus txiv neej uas nkag mus rau hauv tus ncej tsis tau ntsib txoj kev hlub siab uas tau piav qhia hauv cov paj huam ntawm Alexander Blok. Kev ua tsis ncaj ntawm cov lus los ntawm kev hais lus tsis zoo ua rau kev coj ncaj ncees, yog li ntawd yuav tsum tau ua kom mob siab rau tshem tawm.

Tshooj 6: "Office"

Nws yog phau ntawv ntawm Korney Chukovsky"Txiv neej li lub neej" muab lub npe rau tib lub "kab mob" tiag tiag ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus - chaw ua haujlwm. Lo lus no yog siv los ntawm cov kws txhais lus, suav nrog tus txhais lus Nora Gal nyob rau hauv phau ntawv "Word Living and Dead".

Charry yog lus ntawm bureaucracy, cov ntaub ntawv lag luam thiab chaw ua haujlwm. Tag nrho cov no "qhov saum toj no", "daim ntawv pov thawj no tau muab", "lub sijhawm teev", "raws li qhov no", "thiab yog li ntawd", "vim tsis muaj", "vim qhov tsis muaj", "raws li hais txog" tau khov kho lawv qhov chaw hauv cov ntaub ntawv lag luam (thaum qee zaum mus txog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg).

Qhov teeb meem yog tus neeg ua haujlwm tau nkag mus rau cov lus hais yooj yim. Tam sim no es tsis txhob "ntsuab hav zoov" lawv pib hais tias "ntsuab array", ib txwm "quarrel" tau dhau los ua "kev tsis sib haum xeeb", thiab lwm yam. Cov nuj nqis ntawm kev hais lus, qiv los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsim, tau dhau los ua "litmus test". Nws tau ntseeg tias txhua tus neeg muaj kev coj noj coj ua zoo yuav tsum muaj cov lus zoo li no hauv lawv cov lus.

Hais hais tias "Nws los nag hnyav" hauv xov tooj cua yog suav tias yog rustic thiab uncivilized. Es tsis txhob, nws suab "Hav los nag poob." Hmoov tsis zoo, qhov teeb meem chaw ua haujlwm tsis tau ploj mus. Niaj hnub no, tus kab mob no tau ntxiv dag zog rau nws txoj haujlwm ntau dua. Tsis muaj ib tus kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qhov kev hais tawm uas sau ua lus yooj yim, nkag siab. Nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, peb niaj hnub ntxig cov lus hais lus tsis muaj kev pom nws tus kheej. Yog li cus ciav, muaj zog, sparkling Russian colloquial hais lus hloov mus rau grey thiab qhuav. Thiab qhov notus nplaig kab mob nkaus xwb.

Tshooj Xya: "Auginst the Elements"

Ntau tus pom cov lus Lavxias yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas nws tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus. Yog li Chukovsky sau nyob rau hauv "Ua li lub neej". Cov ntsiab lus kawg, tshooj xya npau taws rau qhov tseeb tias thaum lub sijhawm kev paub muaj rau txhua tus, cov tsev kawm ntawv tsis tu ncua thiab yav tsaus ntuj tau qhib, tsis muaj leej twg muaj cai nyeem ntawv, tsis hwm lawv cov lus.

Txhua lo lus tsis raug thiab kab lus yuav tsum muab tshem tawm, thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm pawg neeg yuav tsum loj hlob, tsis poob. Thiab kev hais lus tsuas yog qhov qhia txog kev loj hlob lossis kev poob qis ntawm kab lis kev cai.

Results

K. Chukovsky, nrog nws txoj kev tshawb fawb, pib sib tham loj nyob ib ncig ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus. Nws tsis lo rau ib sab thiab ua tib zoo xyuas cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev nkag siab ntawm kev faib ua feem. Zoo li K. Paustovsky, Korney Ivanovich nyiam cov lus Lavxias heev, yog li "Alive as Life" tseem yog ib phau ntawv yuav tsum tau nyeem rau txhua tus - ob qho tib si linguists thiab cov neeg uas xav poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog cus ciav, yooj yim Lavxias teb sab lus.