2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Kev lom zem thiab kev thuam muaj qhov tshwj xeeb hauv peb lub neej. Lub siab xav ua kom lom zem ntawm ib tug neeg (ob leeg hauv qhov zoo thiab qhov phem, cynical yam) yog muaj nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua tus neeg. Art yog tsis muaj kev zam. Cov kws sau paj huam, kws sau ntawv, kws ua yeeb yam thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lwm cov haujlwm muaj tswv yim them nyiaj rau txhua yam kev lom zem thiab tsis txaus ntseeg, uas tuaj yeem coj cov xim tshiab rau lub neej txhua hnub. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov kev xav tau tshwm sim hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub neej ntau xyoo dhau los.
Pavel Andreevich Fedotov nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb hauv Lavxias teb sab painting. "Noj tshais ntawm ib tug Aristocrat" yog ib tug painting kuj paub nyob rau hauv tus sau lub npe "Ib tug qhua ntawm lub sij hawm tsis ncaj ncees lawm", uas yog ib tug ntawm cov nto moo tshaj plaws thiab paub txog ntawm cov neeg pleev kob.
Lub neej thiab txoj hmoo ntawm tus kws kos duab
Pavel Andreevich Fedotov yug rau lub Rau Hli 22 (Lub Xya Hli 4), 1815 hauv Moscow. Nws txiv yog ib tug tub ceev xwm so haujlwm thiab ua haujlwm hauv Moscow Deanery Council. Nyob rau hauv 1826, Pavel los ua ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv ntawm Moscow Cadet Corps, kawm tiav nrog honors, tom qab uas nws ua hauj lwm rau 10 xyoo nyob rau hauv lub St. Petersburg Finnish.txee. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws kawm nyob rau hauv chav kawm kos duab ntawm Academy of Arts thiab tsis ntev los no tau paub hauv cov voj voog nqaim ua tsaug rau nws cov txuj ci thiab cov duab kos duab zoo nkauj uas tau tshwm sim los ntawm nws tus txhuam hniav, ua si, nyiam nyiam kos duab, nrog rau cov duab ntawm cov npoj yaig.. Nws txoj hauj lwm tau txais kev pom zoo tsis yog los ntawm cov phooj ywg tub rog, tab sis kuj los ntawm huab tais tsev neeg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tus txais los ntawm lub zwm txwv, Grand Duke Alexander Nikolayevich. Ob daim duab tau pleev xim tshwj xeeb rau nws.
Tom qab kawm tiav los ntawm kev pabcuam hauv xyoo 1844, Fedotov txiav txim siab mob siab rau nws tus kheej rau kev muaj tswv yim thiab txuas ntxiv mus kawm Academy, uas yog chav kawm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Tab sis nws tsis txaus siab rau nws, thiab tsis ntev, tus kws kos duab tau los ze rau kev ua haujlwm hauv ib hom ntawv, uas nws hu ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev coj ncaj ncees los ntawm lub neej niaj hnub, uas cov duab kos duab "Rhuav tshais ntawm Aristocrat", pleev xim rau xyoo 1850, kuj yog. Ob xyoos dhau los, xyoo 1848, nws tau qhia nws txoj haujlwm rau Karl Pavlovich Bryullov, uas tau muab lawv cov qhab nia siab thiab txhawb nqa Fedotov.
Lub sijhawm nws lub neej luv luv, Pavel Andreevich tau tsim cov ntaub pua tsev uas tau los ua piv txwv ntawm kev pleev xim rau niaj hnub thiab thuam tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim nyog ntawm lub neej niaj hnub. Nws tuag thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 14 (26), 1852 hauv tsev kho mob hlwb tom qab muaj mob puas siab puas ntsws thiab raug faus ntawm Smolensk toj ntxas hauv St. Petersburg.
Creativity ntawm Pavel Fedotov
Raws li tau hais ua ntej lawm, lub neej niaj hnub tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam. Nyob rau hauv 1846, nws pib mastered cov txheej txheem ntawm roj painting nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem.ua hauj lwm ntawm lub canvas "Fresh Cavalier". Ib xyoos tom qab, Pavel Andreevich tau pleev xim rau daim duab "Picky Bride", uas nws tau txais lub npe ntawm kev kawm, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm 1848 painting "Major's Courtship" raug tso tawm, uas coj nws championship ntawm paintings ntawm domestic scenes..
Xyoo 1850 (Lub Ob Hlis Ntuj txog Lub Tsib Hlis) Fedotov nyob hauv Moscow, qhov chaw tha xim "Txoj kev noj tshais ntawm Aristocrat" tau ua tiav, ua haujlwm uas tau pib hauv St. Tom qab ntawd nws tau pleev xim rau daim ntaub "Tus poj ntsuam", zaj dab neeg uas tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev tuag ntawm tus txiv ntawm tus muam tus muam. Nws cov hauj lwm kawg yog "Anchor, ntxiv thauj tog rau nkoj!" thiab "Players". Tom qab ntawd, kev noj qab haus huv tsis tso cai rau ua haujlwm ntxiv, tab sis dab tsi tau tsim tawm ua rau pom qhov cim ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab painting.
History of Creation
Raws li tau hais ua ntej, xyoo 1850 tus kws kos duab ua tiav ib qho ntawm nws cov duab nto moo tshaj plaws, Noj tshais ntawm Aristocrat. Fedotov's painting, sau tom qab lub resounding kev vam meej ntawm Major's Matchmaking, tau tshwm sim los ntawm ib tug feuilleton, lub npe ntawm tus sau uas tseem tsis tau paub (txawm tias, nws yog ib tug hluas sau Ivan Goncharov): Koj puas tau ua yuam kev sim mus rau xws li. cov neeg nyob hauv tsev thiab ua rau lawv xav tsis thoob? Dab tsi tau hais yog nyob ze rau tus kws kos duab, thiab qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws yog ua raws li cov lus no. Txawm li cas los xij, tus neeg pleev kob tsis tau swb rau kev ntxias, tab sis tau ntes lub sijhawm ua ntej qhov no.
Peb pom dab tsi hauv daim duab?
Undoubtedly, dab tsi yog piav qhia ntawm ib qho ntawm cov duab pom zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm Pavel Fedotov, "Aristocrat's Breakfast", tsim nyog tsom xam. Cov lus piav qhia ntawm daim duab nyob rau hauv cov xim brightest sib haum mus rau dab tsi tus artist nqa los ntawm nws ua hauj lwm. Nov yog kev thuam ntawm tib neeg kev phem hauv txhua qhov lawv tshwm sim.
Saib ntawm daim ntaub, peb pom ib tug tub hluas nobleman, ntshai npog ib tug hunk ntawm mov ci dub, uas ua rau nws tag nrho sawv ntxov pluas noj, ntawm lub suab ntawm footsteps ntawm intruders. Tus kws kos duab sau tawm hauv txhua qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm ib puag ncig ntawm tus phab ej: qhov no yog lub thawv los ntawm hauv qab lub lawj luam tawm ntawm daim npav hauv qab rooj, qhia txog kev nyiam rau kev twv txiaj; ib phau ntawv npog ib qho yooj yim noj tshais, nyob rau hauv uas ib tug ntawm cov novels fashionable nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawd tau luam tawm; daim ntawv tshaj tawm tshaj tawm oysters thiab kev ua yeeb yam, nyob rau ntawm cov rooj zaum (mus ntsib tom kawg yog ib qho yuav tsum muaj kev ua si rau cov hluas hauv lub sijhawm ntawd); dapper hnav khaub ncaws hnav, tailored nyob rau hauv lub tshiab Parisian zam.
Tab sis cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem ua tiav cov lus piav qhia ntawm Fedotov's painting "Tsev noj tshais ntawm Aristocrat" yog lub hnab nyiaj khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob. Tus kws ua yeeb yam, hauv nws tus yam ntxwv, thuam cov ntsiab lus uas nws hlub thiab nyob ze ntawm tus ntsuj plig: tib neeg saib tsis taus, saib tsis taus, lub neej ostentatious, ua tib zoo zais kev phem kev qias nyob rau hauv lub guise ntawm sab nraud kev noj qab haus huv thiab splendor. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tus cwj pwm uas qhia nyob rau hauv lub canvas yog ib yam rau lub sij hawm ntawd, uas yoojyim tsis muaj kev xyiv fab txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov zajlus rau qhov twg. Fedotov nug.
Txoj hmoo ntawm txoj haujlwm
Tam sim no, cov duab kos duab "Txoj Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv ntawm Aristocrat", nrog rau lwm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm tus kws kos duab, yog nyob rau hauv Moscow, hauv Xeev Tretyakov Gallery hauv Lavrushinsky Lane. Nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm, Pavel Tretyakov, tus tsim ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej, muaj peev xwm mus sau ib co tsis tshua muaj nraaj tej hauj lwm los ntawm lub sij hawm thaum ntxov ntawm Fedotov txoj hauj lwm. Niaj hnub no lawv tau khaws cia rau hauv cov nyiaj hauv chav tsev, tab sis tsis tau nthuav tawm hauv cov tsev cia puav pheej. Picturesque canvases, uas tau nkag mus rau hauv kev sau tom qab, tau suav nrog hauv qhov chaw ua yeeb yam mus tas li. Qhov no yog daim duab "Rhuav tshais ntawm ib tug Aristocrat", uas tau los ua lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, nrog rau cov canvases "Major's Matchmaking", ib tug ntawm cov sau phau ntawv ntawm "Tus Poj ntsuam", "Cov Tshiab Cavalier" thiab "Cov. Picky Bride."YajYaj
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Pavel Fedotov txoj haujlwm hauv Lavxias teb sab painting
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tus kws kos duab no tau qhia hauv nws cov haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees ntau dhau. Nws raug hu ua tus tsim ntawm ib hom ntawv hauv kev kos duab kos duab raws li qhov tseem ceeb tiag tiag. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm nws muaj tswv yim txoj kev loj hlob, nws tsiv los ntawm lub heaped compositions yam ntxwv ntawm nws thaum pib nrog ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm nthuav dav mus rau yooj yim thiab ntau natural dluab. Nws cov canvases ruaj khov hauv kev kos duab ib hom ntawv tshiab ntawm cov duab kos duab nrog lub teb chaws tsw, uas ua rau muaj tswv yim rau lwm cov tub ntxhais hluas ua yeeb yam.
Pom zoo:
Yuav ua li cas kos tib neeg txoj kev xav? Kev nthuav qhia ntawm kev xav ntawm daim ntawv, cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub ntsej muag qhia, cov duab kos thiab cov lus qhia ib ntus
Ib daim duab ua tiav tuaj yeem suav tau tias yog ib txoj haujlwm uas zoo li yuav tshwm sim. Ib tug portrait ntawm ib tug neeg yog ua ciaj sia los ntawm cov kev xav uas tshwm sim rau nws. Qhov tseeb, nws tsis yog nyuaj rau kos cov kev xav li nws zoo nkaus li thaum xub thawj siab ib muag. Cov kev xav uas koj kos rau ntawm daim ntawv yuav qhia txog lub xeev ntawm lub siab ntawm tus neeg uas nws portrait koj depicting
Perov, cov duab "Hunters ntawm so": keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim, kev piav qhia ntawm daim ntaub thiab me ntsis txog tus kws kos duab nws tus kheej
Vasily Grigoryevich Perov tsim ntau cov duab zoo nkauj. Ntawm lawv yog cov painting "Hunters ntawm So". Txawm hais tias tus kws kos duab tau pleev xim rau nws thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, cov neeg paub txog kev kos duab tseem zoo siab los saib ntawm daim ntaub, uas qhia txog tib neeg tiag tiag, lawv lub ntsej muag qhia thiab taw qhia
Tus Tswv Yexus Khetos hauv Rio de Janeiro: piav qhia nrog cov duab, keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim, qhov siab, qhov chaw, yuav ua li cas mus rau qhov ntawd, cov lus qhia thiab cov lus pom zoo los ntawm cov neeg ncig tebchaws
Tus mlom ntawm Tswv Yexus Khetos tus Txhiv Dim yog ib qho loj tshaj plaws, thiab yeej yog tus mlom nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm txhua tus uas embodied tus duab ntawm Vajtswv Leej Tub. Lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm Rio de Janeiro thiab Brazil feem ntau, tus pej thuam ntawm Tswv Yexus tus Txhiv Dim tau nyiam cov neeg mus ncig thiab cov neeg tuaj ncig ntau xyoo. Thiab tus pej thuam ntawm Yexus Khetos nyob rau hauv Brazil yog suav nrog nyob rau hauv cov npe ntawm Xya Wonders ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ntawm peb lub sij hawm
Cov duab "Thaum sawv ntxov ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm Streltsy". Kev piav qhia ntawm daim duab los ntawm Vasily Surikov "Sab sawv ntxov ntawm kev tua archery"
Cov duab "Thaum sawv ntxov ntawm Kev Ua Phem Txhaum Cai" los ntawm Vasily Surikov ua rau tsis meej pem cov neeg saib tsis tau npaj. Dab tsi yog qhia ntawm no? Nws yog tseeb hais tias lub teb chaws kev xwm txheej: qhov kev siv zog ntawm kev mob siab rau tsis muab qhov laj thawj rau kev tsis ntseeg qhov no. Tsis tas li ntawd hauv daim duab koj tuaj yeem pom - thiab paub txog - Tsar Peter lub Great. Cov neeg tuaj saib Lavxias yog tej zaum paub txog qhov rov los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab, thaum Moscow archery regiments, noj kom zoo dua ntawm lub sovereign nyob txawv teb chaws, revolted. Tab sis dab tsi tau thawb lawv mus rau qhov kev ntxeev siab no? Thiab tus kws kos duab xav hais dab tsi
Qhov txhais tes muaj zog tshaj plaws hauv poker: cov cai kev ua si, kev sib txuas ntawm daim npav zoo tshaj plaws, cov lus qhia ntawm cov neeg ua si thiab kev ua kom yuam kev
Poker muaj kev nyab xeeb tuaj yeem suav tias yog daim npav nrov tshaj plaws. Nws dhau los ua qhov kev kawm ntawm ntau phau ntawv thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab. Kev zoo siab, nyiaj txiag, luxurious poj niam yog thawj lub koom haum uas tuaj rau hauv lub siab thaum koj hnov lo lus "poker". Muaj tseeb txhua leej txhua tus xav ua si tsawg kawg ib zaug, tab sis ua ntej koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog cov cai thiab kev ua kom yuam kev thiaj li paub tias poker tes twg yog qhov muaj zog tshaj
