2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
"Columbus ntawm Zamoskvorechye", tus sau ntawm cov yeeb yam uas muab Lavxias teb sab ua yeeb yam rau hauv "tiag" cov ntaub ntawv, yog A. N. Ostrovsky, uas nws ua hauj lwm los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th los ua lub ntsiab repertoire ntawm Maly Theatre nyob rau hauv Moscow. Txhua yam uas nws tau sau tsis yog ua rau kev nyeem ntawv, tab sis rau kev ua yeeb yam ntawm theem. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm 40 xyoo ntawm kev muaj tswv yim kev ua si yog thawj (txog 50), co-sau, kho thiab txhais ua yeeb yam.
Qhov chaw ntawm "kev tshoov siab"
Txhua Ostrovsky cov haujlwm yog ua raws li kev soj ntsuam tas li ntawm lub neej ntawm ntau chav kawm, feem ntau yog cov tub lag luam thiab cov nom tswv hauv zos.
Cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas ntawm tus kws sau nkauj tau siv hauv Zamoskvorechye - thaj chaw qub ntawm Moscow, uas yog cov neeg nyob hauv bourgeois. Yog li ntawd, Ostrovsky tau paub zoo nrog lawv txoj kev ntawm lub neej thiab peculiarities ntawm intra-tsev neeg thiab kev sib raug zoo. Los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, ntau thiab ntau lub npe hu ua "cov neeg muag khoom" tshwm sim ntawm no - lawv yuav nkag mus rau hauv.chav ua lag luam tshiab.
Kev ua haujlwm hauv chaw ua haujlwm ntawm Moscow lub tsev hais plaub, qhov twg Alexander Nikolayevich nkag mus rau xyoo 1843, tau los ua qhov tseem ceeb heev. 8 xyoo ntawm kev soj ntsuam ntawm ntau qhov kev foob thiab kev sib cav ntawm cov tub lag luam thiab cov neeg txheeb ze ua rau nws tuaj yeem khaws cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig, raws li Ostrovsky cov haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws yuav raug sau.
Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws ua yeeb yam, nws yog ib txwm ua kom paub qhov txawv 4 lub sijhawm tseem ceeb. Txhua tus tau cim los ntawm txoj hauv kev tshwj xeeb los piav txog qhov muaj tiag thiab cov tsos ntawm kev ua yeeb yam tiag tiag.
1847-1851. Thawj qhov kev paub
Cov ntawv sau nyob rau hauv tus ntsuj plig ntawm "lub tsev kawm ntawv ntuj" thiab ua raws li kev coj noj coj ua los ntawm Gogol, coj lub npe ntawm "Columbus ntawm Zamoskvorechye" rau tus kws sau ntawv tshiab. Tab sis zoo nkauj tsis ntev lawv tau hloov los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam uas tau hloov tag nrho cov hom epic.
Ostrovsky thawj txoj haujlwm yog Tsev Neeg Daim Duab, thawj zaug nyeem los ntawm tus sau thaum yav tsaus ntuj ntawm S. Shevyrev's. Txawm li cas los xij, koob meej coj "Bankrut", tom qab hloov npe "Peb cov neeg - cia peb daws!" Cov lus teb rau qhov kev ua si yog tam sim ntawd. Censorship tam sim ntawd txwv nws (nws tau sau nyob rau hauv 1849, ntaus lub theem tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1861), thiab V. Odoevsky muab tso rau ib tug par nrog "Lub Undergrowth", "Woe los ntawm Wit" thiab "Tsoomfwv Inspector". Tau ntau xyoo, kev ua haujlwm tau nyeem nrog kev vam meej hauv cov voj voog thiab ntawm cov ntawv nyeem yav tsaus ntuj, muab cov tub ntxhais hluas sau nrog kev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb.
1852-1855. Lub sijhawm "Moskvitian"
Nov yog lub sijhawm uas Ostrovsky koom nrog "cov tub ntxhais hluas sau ntawv" ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm, uas tau tshaj tawm cov tswv yim ntawm pochvenism thiab muaj kev txaus siab rau cov tub lag luam. Cov neeg sawv cevkev sib raug zoo chav kawm, tsis txuam nrog serfdom thiab tsis raug txiav tawm los ntawm cov neeg, yuav ua tau, raws li A. Grigoriev, lub zog tshiab muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Russia. Tsuas yog 3 txoj haujlwm los ntawm Ostrovsky yog nyob rau lub sijhawm no, ib qho yog "Kev txom nyem tsis yog lwm tus."
Zaj dab neeg yog ua raws li cov duab ntawm kev sib raug zoo hauv tsev neeg ntawm cov tub lag luam Tortsov. Leej txiv domineering thiab despotic, Gordey, npaj yuav los ntawm nws tus ntxhais, uas yog hlub nrog ib tug neeg pluag neeg ua hauj lwm, rau cov ntse thiab nplua nuj Korshunov. Qhov no yog ib tug tub luam ntawm ib tiam tshiab uas yuav tsis nco nws. Lyubim tswj hwm nws tus tij laug tyrant - nws nquag qaug dej qaug cawv, tsis tau txais txiaj ntsig, tab sis ua raws li kev coj ncaj ncees hauv txhua yam. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov teeb meem tau daws tau tiav rau Lyuba, thiab tus kws sau nkauj tau lees paub txog kev yeej ntawm Lavxias haiv neeg kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm European.
1856-1860. Rapprochement nrog Sovremennik
Cov haujlwm ntawm lub sijhawm no: "Qhov chaw tau txais txiaj ntsig", "Hangover hauv lwm tus lub koob tsheej" thiab, ntawm chav kawm, "Thunderstorm" - yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev rov xav txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua lag luam yawg suab hauv lub neej. lub teb chaws. Nws tsis nyiam playwright, tab sis ntau thiab ntau tau txais cov yam ntxwv ntawm tyranny thiab desperately sim tawm tsam txhua yam tshiab thiab kev ywj pheej (qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm raznochintsy los ntawm Sovremennik). Qhov "dub lub nceeg vaj" no tau pom meej meej tshaj plaws hauv zaj yeeb yaj kiab tsuas yog kev xwm txheej, Lub Thunderstorm. Cov tub ntxhais hluas kuj tshwm sim ntawm no, leej twg tsis xav muab cov kev cai tsim tsev.
Tshaj tawm cov haujlwm tsim nyob rau xyoo 40-50, A. Grigoriev hu ua Ostrovsky A. N. yog "tus kws sau paj huam" tiag tiag.hais txog qhov ntsuas ntawm cov duab nws piav qhia.
1861-1886. Kev muaj tswv yim paub tab
Lub sijhawm 25 xyoo tom qab hloov kho ntawm nws txoj haujlwm, tus kws sau nkauj tau sau cov haujlwm tiag tiag, muaj ntau hom ntawv thiab cov ntsiab lus. Lawv tuaj yeem muab tso ua ke ua ntau pawg.
- Zaj dab neeg hais txog lub neej ntawm cov tub lag luam: "Qhov tseeb yog qhov zoo, tab sis kev zoo siab zoo dua", "Tsis yog txhua yam yog Shrovetide rau miv."
- Satire: "Hma thiab Yaj", "Ntxhais Nyiaj", "Hmoob", thiab lwm yam.
- "Duab ntawm Moscow lub neej" thiab "tus nqi los ntawm outback" txog "me" neeg: "hnub nyuaj", "Ib tug qub phooj ywg zoo dua ob tug tshiab", thiab lwm yam.
- Chronicles ntawm lub ntsiab lus keeb kwm: "Kozma Zakharyich Minin-Sukhoruk" thiab lwm tus.
- Kev puas siab puas ntsws: "Tus neeg raug tsim txom kawg", "Dowry".
Zaj ua si "Tus Snow Maiden" sawv sib nrug.
Txoj haujlwm ntawm kaum xyoo tsis ntev los no tau txais kev tu siab thiab kev xav thiab lub siab lub ntsws thiab muaj qhov txawv ntawm kev ua yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws thiab txoj hauv kev muaj tiag rau daim duab.
Tus Tsim Nyog National Theatre
Centuries dhau lawm, tab sis cov hauj lwm ntawm Ostrovsky Alexander Nikolayevich tseem sau tag nrho cov tsev nyob rau hauv lub ua theem ntawm lub teb chaws, lees paub cov kab lus ntawm I. Goncharov: "… tom qab koj, peb … muaj peev xwm khav hais tias: peb muaj peb tus kheej Lavxias teb sab ua yeeb yam. " "Tus nkauj nyab txom nyem" thiab "Tsis txhob nkag mus rau hauv koj lub sleigh", "Balzaminov txoj kev sib yuav" thiab "Lub plawv tsis yog pob zeb", "Tsis muaj ib lub nyiaj, tab sis tam sim ntawd Altyn" thiab "Txoj kev yooj yim txaus rau txhua tus neeg txawj ntse".. Daim ntawv teev npe no paub rau txhua tus neeg ua yeeb yam-goer Cov npe ntawm Ostrovsky cov yeeb yam tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv mus ntev. Ua tsaug rauCov txuj ci ntawm tus kws sau nkauj tau coj lub ntiaj teb tshwj xeeb rau lub neej nyob rau theem, muaj teeb meem uas yuav ua rau tib neeg txhawj xeeb tas li.
Pom zoo:
Cov yeeb yaj kiab zoo tshaj plaws: daim ntawv teev npe, kev ntaus nqi ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws, cov phiaj xwm, khaub ncaws, cov cim tseem ceeb thiab cov neeg ua yeeb yam
Cov yeeb yaj kiab zoo tshaj plaws tau ntxim nyiam cov neeg tuaj saib tsis yog nrog cov phiaj xwm ntxim nyiam thiab ua yeeb yam tsis zoo, tab sis kuj nrog cov ris tsho zoo nkauj thiab sab hauv. Raws li txoj cai, cov no yog cov kab xev uas qhia txog cov xwm txheej tiag tiag lossis keeb kwm tsis tseeb. Qhov nthuav tshaj plaws ntawm lawv tau piav qhia hauv kab lus no
Muag Khoom Zoo Tshaj Plaws: Cov Qauv Suab Nkauj, Kev Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij thiab Kev Muag Khoom
Ntau lub sijhawm dhau los, tib neeg tsis siv discs, cassettes lossis cov ntaub ntawv yas, nyiam mloog nkauj hauv Is Taws Nem. Thiab tsuas yog cov kiv cua nyiam tshaj plaws tau luam tawm ntawm lub cev tawm, vim tias txoj kev no koj tuaj yeem txhawb nqa tus kws kos duab thiab ua rau lub cim xeeb ntawm cov khoom tom ntej. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov qeb duas ntawm cov khoom muag zoo tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm noob neej, cia mus
Daim ntawv teev cov neeg tshawb nrhiav zoo tshaj plaws (cov phau ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st). Qhov zoo tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab thiab txawv teb chaws detective phau ntawv: ib daim ntawv teev. Detectives: ib daim ntawv teev cov kws sau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws
Cov kab lus sau cov neeg tshawb nrhiav zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov kws sau ntawv ntawm hom kev ua txhaum cai, uas nws cov haujlwm yuav tsis tso tseg tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm tus kiv cua ntawm kev ua yeeb yam
Cov haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Dickens: cov npe ntawm cov haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws, cov ntsiab lus, tshuaj xyuas
Dickens muaj ntau yam haujlwm zoo uas cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus nyeem sib npaug. Ntawm ntau qhov kev tsim tawm, ib tus tuaj yeem tso tawm cov haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Dickens. Suffice nws kom nco qab qhov kov heev "Oliver Twist"
Daim npe ntawm Lavxias TV series: kev ntaus nqi ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws
Cov npe ntawm Lavxias TV series yog kwv yees ntawm kaum tawm txhiab tus haujlwm. Tsis yog txhua tus ntawm lawv tsim nyog mloog, tab sis muaj cov masterpieces tiag tiag ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab serial. Yog li, dab tsi series tso tawm los ntawm Lavxias teb sab TV yog ib qho yuav tsum tau saib?
