Ilya Kabakov: paintings thiab lawv piav qhia. Artist Kabakov Ilya Iosifovich

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Zoo ua ib tug neeg thuam thuam nyob rau hauv Internet thiab paub lub npe menyuam yaus - tsis muaj leej twg yuav paub lub npe tiag tiag, koj tsis tuaj yeem txwv koj tus kheej, vim txhua yam yog qhov tseeb thiab nkag siab - lawv txhua tus rub thiab nyiag ! Ntawm no, piv txwv li, yog tus conceptualist Ilya Kabakov. Cov duab kos duab, kos duab, teeb tsa - qee yam tsis zoo li txhua yam hauv ntiaj teb, tab sis raug nqi ntau lab - txhua yam yog qhov tseeb!

Tab sis qee tus neeg hais lus yuav tsum ua kom lawv lub suab tawg, tab sis nws yog qhov zoo dua mus rau qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm tus tswv no. Thiab yog tias koj saib nrog lub qhov muag qhib tiag tiag, koj tuaj yeem pom lub ntiaj teb zoo kawg nkaus, tsis txaus ntseeg, qee zaum muaj kev lom zem thiab tsis txaus ntseeg, qee zaum ua rau muaj kev mob siab rau cov neeg uas nyob thiab tseem nyob hauv lub tebchaws no tsis nkag siab…

14 xyoo kawm

Tab sis ua ntej muaj kev kawm ntev ntawm txoj haujlwm. Kabakov Ilya Iosifovich yug nyob rau hauv 1933 nyob rau hauv Dnepropetrovsk, nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg ntawm ib tug locksmith thiab accountant. Thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog, nws thiab nws niam tau xaus rau hauv Samarkand, qhov chaw Repin lub koom haum tau khiav tawm ntawm Leningrad. Ilya pib kawm ntawm cov menyuam yaus lub tsev kawm ntawv kos duab ntawm lub koom haum no. Tom qab ua tsov ua rog, Kabakov raug xa mus rau Moscow Secondary Art School, uas nws kawm tiav nyob rau hauv 1951 thiab nkag musmus rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws art tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws - lub koom haum Surikov, mus rau lub graphic department. Nws xaiv tshwj xeeb hauv kev kos duab ntawm phau ntawv nrog xibfwb Dekhterev.

Nyob rau hnub no tus memoirs ntawm tus tswv, tag nrho ntawm nws tus kheej-irony thiab dag, ib tug tuaj yeem pom nws tus cwj pwm tsis zoo rau nws cov dej num hauv kev tsim cov phau ntawv me nyuam, uas nws coj tom qab kawm tiav hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv xyoo 1957. Nws hu lawv tsuas yog ib txoj hauv kev kom tau txais txoj kev noj qab haus huv, uas nws tau mob siab rau ib feem me me ntawm nws lub sijhawm thiab kev rau siab. Cov khoom luam tawm rau cov menyuam yaus tshwj xeeb tshaj yog imbued nrog ideological clichés thiab dogmas, thiab liam tias, yog li ntawd, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua ib yam dab tsi nthuav rau lawv.

Qhov no zoo li me ntsis slyness: qhov zoo ntawm cov phau ntawv luam tawm los ntawm lub tsev luam ntawv "Children's Literature", cov ntawv xov xwm "Murzilka", "Funny Pictures" tau nco txog ntau yam nrog kev zoo siab, tsis yog vim muaj hnub nyoog nostalgia. Ilya Kabakov yog tus kws kos duab uas tsim cov duab kos rau Marshak cov paj huam, zaj dab neeg ntawm Charles Perrault, cov dab neeg hais txog Peter Pan. Hauv cov haujlwm no tsis yog kev kawm, kev ywj pheej, novelty thiab fantasy tau pom meej meej. Kev tsim cov ntawv tshawb fawb thiab kev kawm ntawv cov menyuam yaus yog qhov nthuav heev: "Wonders from Wood" (1960), "Clay and Hands" (1963), "The Ocean Begins with a drop" (1966) los ntawm E. Mara, "The Tale of Gas" los ntawm E. Permyak (1960), "Cunning Point" (1966).

Kev cob qhia hauv qab ru tsev "Russia"

Los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm 60s, ib haiv neeg ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam tsis sib haum xeeb hu ua "Sretensky Boulevard" tau tsim nyob rau hauv Moscow. Nws suav nrog Ilya Kabakov. Cov duab kos duab ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm lub koom haum phooj ywg no txawv heev los ntawm kev pom zoopainting.

Lub sijhawm sib koom ua ke tshwm sim ua tsaug rau Kabakov. Ua haujlwm rau kev tshaj tawm cov tsev tau txais nyiaj zoo, thiab tus kws kos duab tau txais nws lub rooj cob qhia. Nws hu nws zaj dab neeg paub tsis meej, yuav ua li cas nws pom ib chav nyob hauv qab lub ru tsev ntawm lub tsev qub Rossiya ntawm Sretensky Boulevard thiab pom zoo nrog cov tub ceev xwm los muab lub studio nyob ntawd.

Cov haujlwm ntawm Ilya Kabakov, Hulot Sooster, Eric Bulatov, Oleg Vasilyev thiab lwm tus tau nthuav tawm ntawm cov rooj sib tham tsis raug cai hauv Moscow thiab txawv teb chaws, suav nrog lwm txoj kev kos duab ntawm USSR thaum lub sijhawm thaw. Tab sis qhov kev tawm tsam hnyav rau kev paub daws teeb meem los ntawm lub teb chaws lub ntsiab "kev thuam kos duab" ua rau muaj kev vam meej ntawm socialist realism ib leeg.

Ua ntej qhov tshwm sim ntawm peb tus kheej lub studio, "ua haujlwm rau kuv tus kheej" muaj cov duab kos nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm abstract expressionism thiab me me albums. Tom qab ntawd, cov duab ntawm ib hom ntawv loj pib tshwm: "Lub taub hau nrog lub pob" (1965), "Pib, pas nrig, pob thiab ya" (1966), "Assault phom thiab qaib" (1966).

Text as a pictorial medium

Ilya Kabakov, uas nws cov duab kos tau pib muaj ntau thiab ntau dua kev xav, tau los ua ib tus thawj coj ntawm cov tswv yim. Ib tug series ntawm "dawb" paintings ntawm ib tug loj loj - "Berdyansk tsaug zog" (1970), "Ib tug txiv neej thiab lub tsev me" (1970) - evoked xav txog tej yam kev mob rau kev xaav ntawm painting tshiab, hais txog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm tus neeg saib thiab tus kws kos duab. Lub zog ntawm qhov kev taw qhia no tau txais kev pab los ntawm tus kws kos duab cov kev sim nrog kev qhia cov ntawv rau hauv qhov chaw duab. Thawj tej hauj lwm - "Lawv nyob qhov twg?" (1970), "Txhua Yam Txog Nws" (1970),"Cov lus teb ntawm pawg sim" (1970) - yog ntau yam khoom los ntawm lub neej tiag tiag ntawm Moscow cov tsev nyob nrog cov lus hais, feem ntau pseudo-tseem ceeb parodies ntawm cov lus qhia lossis tshaj tawm.

Cov ntawv nyeem kuj tseem siv tom qab los ntawm Ilya Kabakov. "Luxury Room" (1981) - ib daim duab uas yog saib ntawm chav tsev so nrog ib qho kev tshaj tawm rau kev mus ncig rau Hiav Txwv Dub resorts superimposed ntawm daim duab.

Cov albums tsim los ntawm Kabakov, uas tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm kev teeb tsa, kuj yog cov tswv yim ua haujlwm. Xws li albums - fusion ntawm duab puab, kev piav qhia, ntawv nyeem, ua yeeb yam - yog tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm ib lub ntsiab lus los yog tus cwj pwm kev paub, qhia los ntawm kev pom thiab cov ntawv nyeem. Saib xyuas cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb lossis tsis muaj qab hau nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm ib leeg yog qhov txaus nyiam. Nws ua rau muaj kev ua tiav lossis qhib rau txhua qhov kev taw qhia ntawm lub sijhawm thiab qhov chaw.

Ilya Kabakov yog tus kws kos duab kos duab, kos duab, tus tsim qauv. Nyob rau hauv xws li albums, lub ntsiab ntawm nws cov dej num yog feem ntau yog traced. Lub npe nrov tshaj plaws yog Kaum Cim (1970-74).

Kev Tsov Rog thiab kev thaj yeeb ntawm cov tsev sib koom ua ke

Cov kev raug mob ntawm Soviet era yog lub ntsiab ntawm kev tshawb fawb rau Kabakov txoj haujlwm. Kev tsim txom ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm ib lub tswv yim pom muaj kev qhia hauv tej hauj lwm xws li Kos! (1981) thiab "Supermarket" (1981). Kev ua tsov ua rog ntawm cov neeg nyob sib ze nyob rau hauv cov tsev sib tham rau huab cua thiab qhov chaw ntxiv yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm Zhekov cov ntawv sau "Tiv Tawm Cov Khib Nyiab" (1980), "Sunday Yav tsaus ntuj" (1980). ATNyob rau hauv "Kitchen Series" ntawm tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj uas paub zoo tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog qee qhov kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj, lub ntsiab lus kab lis kev cai, feem ntau sib cais los ntawm kev ua haujlwm.

Cov khoom pov tseg hauv tsev ib txwm muaj cov ntsiab lus zoo li no hauv kev teeb tsa tom ntej "Tus Txiv Neej Tsis Muaj Pov Tseg" (1985). Hauv nws, ib tus tuaj yeem pom cov kev sib tham thoob ntiaj teb hais txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm tib neeg kev ua ub no, hais txog tus cwj pwm ntawm kev cia siab ntawm qhov tsim nyog thiab tsis tsim nyog, lossis, hloov pauv, hloov kho keeb kwm nrog kev haum ntawm yav dhau los rau cov kev xav tau ntawm kev nom kev tswv niaj hnub no.

Tag nrho kev teeb tsa

Xyoo 1987, Ilya Iosifovich Kabakov tau tsiv mus rau sab hnub poob. Ntawm no nws tau txais lub sijhawm nkag mus rau qhov chaw nthuav dav loj. "Tag nrho cov kev teeb tsa" - qhov no yog li cas Ilya Kabakov hu cov duab kos duab thiab cov khoom uas nyob hauv qhov chaw loj thiab koom ua ke los ntawm kev tsim qauv thoob ntiaj teb.

nto moo tshaj plaws yog qhov kev teeb tsa "Ib tug txiv neej uas ya mus rau hauv qhov chaw los ntawm nws chav tsev", uas yog lub cim loj rau txoj hmoo ntawm tus kws kos duab nws tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm ib tug me me chav tsev nrog phab ntsa pasted nrog Soviet daim ntawv loj loj, ib yam dab tsi zoo li ib tug slingshot yog tsau. Kev tawg ntawm lub qab nthab, cov lus thiab cov lus piav qhia ntawm chav tsev raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov xwm txheej - txhua yam ua pov thawj qhov tseeb ntawm qhov xwm txheej txawv tshaj plaw: ib tus neeg tsim khoom siv los ntawm kev pab los ntawm ib tug ingenious catapult, tsoo los ntawm lub qab nthab nrog nws lub cev, mus mus rau qhov chaw ze-Ntiaj Teb - nrhiav tsis pom …

Yuav pom hauv ib yam khoom nkaus xwb banter thiab thuam ntawm kev tsim yog tsis ncaj ncees lawm. Ib yam li nyob rau hauv lub installation "Toilet" (1992), nrhiav tau tsuas yog ib tug spitful analogycov chav dej pej xeem raws li ib txwm muaj ntawm lub neej nyob rau hauv tag nrho lub teb chaws. Cov khoom kos duab no ntaus tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg saib sab hnub poob, uas suav tias yog kev ceev ntiag tug ntawm qhov chaw nyob yog qhov xav tau ntawm ib tus neeg ib txwm muaj.

Red Carriage (1991), Choj (1991), Lub Neej ntawm yoov (1992), Peb Nyob Ntawm No (1995) yog tag nrho cov kev teeb tsa uas coj koob meej rau Kabakov. Lawv tau nthuav tawm hauv cov tsev cia puav pheej hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab Europe, thiab muab tso rau hauv kev nthuav qhia xws li "Palace of Projects" (1998, London) thiab "50 Installations" (2000, Bern) sawv cev rau Kabakov txoj haujlwm ua qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub ntiaj teb kab lis kev cai.

Poj niam thiab kev sib koom tes

Kabakov nyiam xim lub neej nrog kev dag ntxias. Cov kws ua yeeb yam xws li Charles Rosenthal, Igor Spivak, thiab Stepan Koshelev tau yoog rau cov khoom tsim no. Kabakov tau nkag mus rau hauv kev koom tes muaj tswv yim nrog lawv, nws txawm sau cov lus hais txog lawv nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm boring art critics.

Txij xyoo 1989, tus kws kos duab tau pom tus kws sau ntawv tiag tiag - Emilia Lekah. Nws dhau los ua nws tus poj niam thiab saib xyuas ntau lub koom haum thiab nyiaj txiag teeb meem, tawm hauv tus tswv ntau lub sijhawm rau kev muaj tswv yim. Thiab muaj ntau thiab ntau cov lus nug, vim hais tias kev txaus siab rau Kabakov txoj hauj lwm yog loj hlob. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov no yog Phillips de Pury & Company auction. Nyob rau hauv 2007, ntau "Ilya Kabakov. "Suite". Cov duab tau yuav rau 2 lab phaus, thiab Kabakov dhau los ua tus neeg pleev kob kim tshaj plaws niaj hnub Lavxias.

Hauv xyoo 2008, qhov no tau lees paub los ntawm kev sib tw tsis tu ncua ntawm tib lub auction. Lwm ntau - "Ilya Kabakov, "Beetle" (1982), thiab lwm cov ntaub ntawv - 2.93 lab£.

Kev muaj peev xwm ua rau xav tsis thoob

suav nyiaj thiab phaus yog qhov tsim nyog - qhov no yog lub ntiaj teb tam sim no. Tab sis kuv xav kom lub tswv yim banal no kom muaj sia nyob hauv nws, qhov kev zoo siab tsis yog nyiaj. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm xws li ntxias, nyob rau hauv lawv cov hauj lwm thiab txuj ci. Tib neeg yuav tsim los ntawm tib neeg, tsis yog tsiaj txhu, tsuav yog nws muaj peev xwm xav tsis thoob thiab txaus siab rau kev kos duab.