Qhia ntawm Onegin thiab Lensky

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Onegin thiab Lensky yog ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv Pushkin's immortal creation. Thiab nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom to taub tus sau lub tswv yim, kom to taub tus kws sau paj lug lub hom phiaj, yog hais tias ib tug tsis tig mus rau kev tsom xam ntawm cov cim. Cov lus hais ntawm Onegin thiab Lensky yog lub hom phiaj ntawm tsab xov xwm no.

Peb txhua tus tau kawm me ntsis

Kev loj hlob ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb zoo li cas? Cia peb pib nrog Eugene, uas loj hlob tsis muaj leej niam, tau tso siab rau cov kws qhia ntawv thiab tau txais kev kawm zoo rau cov neeg nyiam ntawm lub xyoo pua ua ntej kawg. Nws "muaj peev xwm hais lus Fab Kis zoo kawg nkaus," thaum kev paub tob ntawm Lavxias, nws hom lus, tsis tsim nyog nyob rau hnub ntawd. Eugene paub yuav ua li cas coj tus cwj pwm hauv zej zog uas lees tias "nws yog tus ntse thiab zoo heev." Pushkin, tsis yog tsis muaj irony, hais txog ib qho teeb meem nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawm tus protagonist. Onegin "paub Latin txaus" txhawm rau kos npe rau ib tsab ntawv thiab txheeb xyuas ob peb lub epigrams. Nws nyeem cov classics thaum ub, tab sis "nws tsis tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm iambs ntawm chorea … kom paub qhov txawv." Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau kawm ntau dua li nws lub sijhawm. Eugene nyeem cov hauj lwm ntawm Adas Smith, uas txhais tau hais tias nws txaus siab rau kev nom kev tswv kev lag luam. Thiab txawm tias nwsyog ib tug neeg muaj hnub nyoog kaum yim xyoo (raws li Onegin's ironic quotation testifies), nws qhov kev nkag siab tseem ceeb ntawm kev muaj tiag nyiam qhov txawv ntawm nws cov tub hluas uas txwv lawv tus kheej rau "tus txiv neej lub teeb" ntawm phau ntawv nyeem.

Raws li Lensky, nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem tus sau hu nws ib tug "ib nrab-Lavxias teb sab tub ntxhais kawm", uas los ntawm pos huab lub teb chaws Yelemees coj "kawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo". Nws nyiam lub tswv yim thiab kos duab ntawm kev txheeb xyuas.

Nkauj hmoob tos nws zov

Onegin cov lus hais los ntawm thawj tshooj ua pov thawj tias Pushkin tus cwj pwm yog qhov nyuaj thiab tsis meej. Eugene, zoo li feem ntau ntawm nws cov neeg kawm, siv nws lub sijhawm ntawm cov khoom, nrhiav kev hlub taug txuj kev nyuaj, sim ua kom nws "xav laziness" nrog ib yam dab tsi. Onegin tsis yog neeg txawv teb chaws rau kev dag ("yuav ua li cas thaum ntxov nws tuaj yeem ua neeg siab phem"), hais lus thuam, tab sis Eugene muaj peev xwm ua kom txias dhau ntawm cov epigrams ntawm nws tus nrog sib ntaus. Tab sis tsis ntev nws paub qhov tsis muaj tseeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb nyob ib puag ncig nws. Raws li tus lyrical hero ntawm ib zaj paj huam los ntawm Lermontov hais tias: "Thiab lub neej … xws li ib tug khoob thiab ruam lus tso dag."

Los ntawm txoj kev, cov lus hais ntawm Onegin thiab Pechorin los ntawm "Ib Hero ntawm Peb Lub Sijhawm" nthuav tawm ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm ob lub cim, suav nrog lawv qhov tshwj xeeb aversion rau tib neeg lub neej ("Lub neej tsis tsim nyog saib xyuas nws zoo li ntawd"). Cov phab ej kuj muaj kev xav pom lawv tus kheej hauv qee qhov kev lag luam. Tsuas yog tias Grigory Pechorin lub siab xav txhais mus rau hauv kev sim dab phem ntawm txoj hmoo ntawm tib neeg, ces Eugene ua txawv. Ua ntej, nws hais txogcreativity, tab sis "tsis muaj dab tsi tawm ntawm nws tus cwj mem." Hauv tshooj thib ob, tus phab ej txawm sim nws tus kheej hauv kev ua ub ua no, tab sis kuj ua tsis tiav: kev ua haujlwm hnyav ua rau nws tsis quav ntsej.

Lwm yam - Lensky, leej twg tsis muaj sijhawm los ploj ntawm "kev kub ntxhov ntawm lub ntiaj teb." Nws yog ib tug neeg siab dawb siab zoo. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws daim duab tsis flawless: tus piav qhia hais tias "lub hom phiaj ntawm lub neej … yog ib tug paub tsis meej rau nws." Ntawd yog, raws li cov lus hais ntawm Onegin thiab Lensky qhia tau hais tias, muaj ntau yam sib xws hauv tus cwj pwm thiab txoj hmoo ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas. Nkawd ob leeg tsis muaj av nyob hauv qab ob txhais taw, ua rau lawv muaj peev xwm mob siab rau tag nrho lawv lub neej.

…Saib ntawm Napoleons

Onegin lub hom phiaj yog qhia ncaj qha los ntawm kev piav qhia ntawm nws chav nrog ib daim duab ntawm Napoleon thiab duab ntawm Byron. Ob qho tib si yog tus tswv ntawm lub siab ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tiam ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd (nco ntsoov, piv txwv li, Andrei Bolkonsky los ntawm Tolstoy's epic novel). Nyob rau hauv lawv hais, ib tug yuav pom ib yam ntawm farewell ntawm tus narrator nrog lub outgoing, romantic era.

Lensky, ntawm qhov tod tes, tseem muaj tseeb rau qhov tseem ceeb nyob mus ib txhis - kev hlub thiab kev phooj ywg, vim hais tias tus phab ej ntseeg tias "tus ntsuj plig yuav tsum koom ua ke nrog nws." Cov phooj ywg tiag tiag, raws li Vladimir, muaj peev xwm ntawm "kev siv shackles rau nws hwm."

“Ib tug kiv cua ntawm Kant. Thiab tus kws sau paj huam"

Los ntawm tag nrho cov saum toj no ua raws li tus cwj pwm ntawm cov cim rau paj huam. Cov lus hais saum toj no ntawm Onegin txog iambic thiab chorea qhia tau hais tias Eugene, yog tias nws yuav pib sau cov ntawv sau, nws yuav tsis tau tig mus.poetic daim ntawv. Nws tsis txaj muag ntawm paj huam, txawm hais tias nws tsis to taub nws lub hom phiaj tseeb. Raws li rau Vladimir, tus piav qhia siv lo lus "poet" raws li ib tug yam ntxwv thiab txawm prophesies nws txoj hmoo nrog rau qhov kev ua ub no.

Tsis muaj kev ntxim nyiam ntxiv…

Onegin cov lus hais txuas ntxiv mus. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yog kos rau kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus phab ej nrog kev sib deev, thiab tsis yog vim tias zaj dab neeg ntawm Eugene thiab Tatyana yog qhov tseem ceeb rau zaj dab neeg tshiab. Tus protagonist qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm qhov kev xav zoo no yog cov pov thawj ncaj qha ntawm qhov khoob ntawm nws lub neej. Tus sau hauv thawj tshooj hais tias "nyuaj dua txhua yam kev tshawb fawb" Onegin paub "kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev mob siab rau." Hauv kev nyiam nyiam, Eugene tau suav hais tias yog qhov tsis raug thiab tau txais kev sib raug zoo nrog ntau yam ntawm pragmatism. Rau kev sib hlub ntawm lwm txoj kev sib tw, nws siv ntau yam kev dag ntxias: kev saib uas yog "ceev thiab maj mam, tso dag thiab qhuas. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis ntev no "nws tsis poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog kev zoo nkauj" thiab "tso tseg tsis tu siab", Onegin tus cwj pwm hais txog qhov no. Thiab Tatyana txoj kev xav, yog li kev sib tw, tsis paub qab hau, txawm tias lawv tau sawv los ntawm kev xav ntawm cov dab neeg, tau kov los ntawm Evgeny.

Teb lus rau tus ntxhais tsab ntawv yog qhov tsis kam lees ntawm nws tus hlub (txaus ntshai "Kuv hlub koj nrog kev hlub ntawm tus kwv") thiab ntau ntxiv - lus qhuab qhia ntawm nws feem. "Kawm tswj koj tus kheej," nws hais tias condescendingly, didactically, tsis xav tias yuav ua phem npaum li cas nws cov lus. Yog lawm, yog tias kev hlub tsis muaj, vim yog kev dag ntxias, nws raug tso cai tua ib tug phooj ywg hauv kev sib tw,thiab tsev neeg tsuas yog ib lub nra xwb, puas tuaj yeem xav tias qhov kev xav ntawm ib tug hluas nkauj zoo nkauj tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog ib qho tiag tiag? Thiab Vladimir, uas yog "kev mloog lus rau kev hlub," qhia nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev sib txawv kiag li hauv kev hlub. Nws nyob tas li nrog nws tus neeg xaiv, taug kev nrog nws thiab txawm tias npaj sau odes rau nws, tab sis tsuas yog Olga "tsis nyeem lawv."

Zaj lus

Cov lus hais ntawm Onegin thiab lwm tus cwj pwm, Lensky, tab tom los txog kawg. Raws li kev txiav txim siab, nws tseem yuav ntxiv tias lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv hauv kev tsim kho cov duab no tsis yog qhov xwm txheej (nco ntsoov: "Lawv tuaj ua ke, nthwv dej thiab pob zeb," thiab lwm yam). Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm zoo sib xws - ob tug tswv av, ob qho tib si rau qee qhov yog "cov neeg superfluous" - Onegin thiab Lensky yog tag nrho cov opposites. Thiab qhov no yog vim qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm Pushkin txoj kev. Yog hais tias Vladimir muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb romantic hero, ces cov duab ntawm Yevgeny ua tim khawv rau ib tug tshiab txoj kev - realism.