Ivan Melezh: lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm
Ivan Melezh: lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm

Video: Ivan Melezh: lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm

Video: Ivan Melezh: lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm
Video: Александра Прокофьева 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Ivan Melezh yog tus kws sau ntawv Belarusian thiab tshaj tawm xov xwm, tau yeej ntau yam khoom plig, yog tus koom nrog kev ua phem hauv Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj. Nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm nws raug nthuav tawm rau ob qhov kev txiav txim. Tom qab nws tuag, nws tau tso ib qho cuab yeej cuab tam zoo rau cov xeeb ntxwv.

Ivan Melezh: biography

Nws yog ib tug neeg siab mos siab muag, txaj muag. Nws paub yuav ua li cas thiab nyiam mloog nws tus neeg sib tham, tsis txhob twv yuav cuam tshuam nws txawm tias nws ua tsis ncaj ncees lawm. Ivan Pavlovich nws tus kheej hais lus ntsiag to, txwv tsis pub, txiav txim siab, zoo li hnyav txhua lo lus, txhua qhov kev xav. Thiab nws paub meej tias: nws paub qhov tseeb ntawm lo lus.

Ivan Melezh yug Lub Ob Hlis 8, 1921 hauv lub zos Glinishche, Khoiniki koog tsev kawm ntawv, hauv qhov tob ntawm Belarusian Polesie. Los ntawm qhov ntawd, los ntawm qhov tob ntawm cov neeg, tus phab ej ntawm Ivan Pavlovich kuj tau los rau hauv lub teeb thiab mus rau hauv kev sau ntawv tsis txawj tuag: nws yog qhov ntawd nws tau kawm lawv cov cim, ua kom dav dav ntawm tib neeg tus cwj pwm, cwj pwm, cov cim … Lub neej muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb, ib txwm nyob thiab kev ua tsov ua rog, txoj hmoo ntawm tib neeg thiab tib neeg tag nrho thaum muaj kev sim siab, tuag taus - cov no yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib sib zog nqus, txawj ntse thiab kev tshawb fawb tshwj xeeb ntawm Melezh-kws sau ntawv, Melezh tus tsim. Ivan Melezh nws tus kheej yuav tsum tau ntsib kev sim siab thiab lim hiam … Tam sim ntawd tom qab qhov kawg ntawm kaum xyoo hauv zos, tus tub hluas hnub nyoog 17 xyoo tau raug caw tuaj ua haujlwm hauv Koiniki pawg thawj coj ntawm Komsomol. Xyoo tom ntej, 1939, Ivan nkag mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab uas muaj koob meej heev - Moscow lub koom haum keeb kwm, Philosophy thiab ntawv nyeem. Ces nws pib tshwm nyob rau hauv luam nrog paj huam. Ib tug thawj ntawm lawv yog cov paj huam "Motherland", luam tawm nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj 1939 nyob rau hauv lub "Liab Shift". Nws zoo nkaus li tias lub neej zoo li no nthuav, nplua nuj thiab muaj kev tshwm sim tshwm sim ua ntej! Txawm li cas los xij, txoj hmoo tau txiav txim siab txwv tsis pub … Twb yog thawj xyoo ntawm lub koom haum Moscow, Melezh tau tsim kho rau hauv Tub Rog Liab, thiab thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1940 nws coj nws thawj kev cai raus dej - nws tau koom nrog kev ywj pheej ntawm Northern Bukovina.

Ivan Melezh
Ivan Melezh

Nyob rau hauv pab tub rog Soviet

Los ntawm thawj hnub ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj - nws nyob rau pem hauv ntej. Sib ntaus sib tua loj heev, irreparable poob ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua phooj ywg nyob ze Uman, Nikolaev, Rostov-on-Don, Lazovaya. Cov mos txwv yeeb ncuab tsis dhau los ntawm Ivan ib qho: Lub Rau Hli 1942 nws raug mob hnyav. Kev kho mob hauv tsev kho mob hauv Tbilisi, thiab cov thawj coj lees paub nws tias "tsis haum rau kev ua tub rog."

Lub neej tom qab raug mob

Ivan Melezh raug xa mus rau tom qab: thawj zaug mus rau Buguruslan, tom qab ntawd mus rau Moldova, qhov chaw nws qhia kev cob qhia tub rog ntawm lub koom haum pedagogical. Lub cev qaug zog tab sis muaj zog, tus ntsuj plig thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm tus tub hluas xav tau kev paub, thiab kev zoo siab thaum kawg luag rau nws: xyoo 1943 Ivan raug xa mus rau Belarusian State.tsev kawm ntawv, uas yog tom qab ntawd nyob ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb Skhodnya ze Moscow. Nws ua ke ua haujlwm ntawm tib tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm kev cob qhia tub rog nrog kev kawm ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv philological ntawm Belarusian State University, tom qab ntawd nws raug xa mus rau tsev kho mob thiab twb nyob hauv kev ywj pheej Minsk nws tau txais daim ntawv kawm tiav qib siab. Kev nqhis dej rau kev paub, txawm li cas los xij, tsis txo qis: Melezh Ivan Pavlovich nkag mus rau hauv tsev kawm tiav thiab pib qhia nws haiv neeg Belarusian cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv nws lub tsev kawm ntawv ib txwm muaj. Nws yog thaum ntawd nws tau ua nws thawj qhov kev thov loj hauv cov ntawv tseeb - nrog nws cov dab neeg thiab cov dab neeg luv luv, sau ntawv thiab sau ntawv.

Dab neeg los ntawm Ivan Melez
Dab neeg los ntawm Ivan Melez

Creativity

Ivan Melezh pib luam tawm xyoo 1939, thaum nws thawj zaj paj huam tau luam tawm. Tom qab thawj qhov txhab, thaum nyob hauv tsev kho mob Tbilisi, nws pib sau prose, thiab tam sim ntawd tom qab tsov rog nws luam tawm thawj phau ntawv luv luv thiab sim nws txhais tes ntawm dramaturgy. Thawj prose ua hauj lwm los ntawm Ivan Melezh tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1943.

Txawm thaum nws lub neej (thiab Melezh nyob, hmoov tsis, me me - tsuas yog 55 xyoos xwb!) Nws tej hauj lwm tau hu ua ib tug xws li "siab" thiab, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, zoo-deserved lo lus - classic! Ivan Pavlovich's Polissya Chronicle tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov sib npaug nrog Mikhail Sholokhov's Lub Quiet Don, thiab qee qhov ntau dua.

Polesskaya Chronicle

"Lub Polisya Chronicle" yog ib qho haujlwm loj uas qhia txog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm Belarusian cov ntaub ntawv - cov neeg ua liaj ua teb. Ivan Pavlovich muaj peev xwm qhia rau cov neeg nyeem cov huab cua thiab tus ntsuj plig ntawm 20s ntawm lub xyoo pua XX - lub sij hawm uas tau los ua.keeb kwm ntawm peb Fatherland, ob qho tib si evolutionary-renewed thiab contradictory-tragic. Qhov tsuas yog kev khuv leej yog qhov thib peb ntawm cov dab neeg ntawm "Polesskaya Chronicle" - "Snowstorms, Kaum Ob Hlis" - tseem tsis tiav …

Thawj ob ntu ntawm Polissya Chronicle - cov ntawv dab neeg "Cov neeg nyob hauv Swamp" thiab "Tshav ntuj cua daj cua dub" - tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws Soviet sau ntawv khoom plig - Lenin nqi zog. Ivan Melezh kuj tau txais lub npe ntawm Cov Neeg Sau Ntawv ntawm Belarus, tus yeej ntawm Lub Xeev Cov Khoom Plig ntawm USSR thiab BSSR, tau txais ntau yam xaj thiab khoom plig. Nws raug xaiv los ua tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Pawg Sab Laj ntawm BSSR, yog tus thawj coj ntawm Pawg Neeg Belarusian rau Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Thaj Yeeb, ib tus tswv cuab ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Thaj Yeeb Ntiaj Teb.

Ivan Melezh "Cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub swamp"
Ivan Melezh "Cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub swamp"

Cov neeg nyob hauv Swamp

Ivan Melezh "Cov neeg nyob hauv Swamp" - qhov tshiab tau suav nrog hauv trilogy "Polesskaya Chronicle" thiab coj tus sau lub ntiaj teb koob meej thiab kev lees paub. Txoj hauj lwm tau rov muab txhais ua lwm yam lus thiab raug suav hais tias yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Ivan Melezh.

Hauv nruab nrab ntawm zaj dab neeg yog cov neeg ua liaj ua teb yooj yim, cov neeg nyob hauv lub zos Belarusian. Tus sau piav txog lub sijhawm ntawm kev tsim lub zog ntawm Soviet. Thaum xub thawj, tus tshiab tau xeeb los ua ib qho lyrical, thiab muaj tiag tiag yog kev hlub tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm no - zaj dab neeg kev hlub ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb. Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm Vasily Dyatlik thiab Anna Chernushka, Ivan Melezh qhia txog lub neej ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb nyob rau lub sijhawm nyuaj, piav qhia meej txog kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Belarusians. Zaj dab neeg no tau rov ua dua thiab ua ntu zus.

Thunder Breath

Tus neeg nyeem tau paub txog qhov thib ob ntawm Polissya Chronicle, qhov twgyuav ntsib nrog cov neeg paub zoo - Vasily Dyatlik, Anna Chernushka, Filimon, "Bolshevik nrog tib neeg lub ntsej muag" Aleyka. Tus kws sau ntawv txuas ntxiv txhim kho zaj dab neeg, uas tuaj yeem hu ua dab neeg ntawm Polisya. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tsim los ntawm Melezh yog tseem cov inhabitants ntawm ib tug me me lub zos txiav tawm ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Vasily thiab Anna tseem hlub ib leeg tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi. Tab sis npau suav ntawm thaj av tau cog lus tseg tsis tawm Vasily …

Ivan Melezh. Biography
Ivan Melezh. Biography

Minsk direction

In 1947-1952. Ivan Pavlovich Melezh tau sau cov ntawv tshiab "Minsk Direction", uas nws tau qhia txog kev ywj pheej ntawm Belarus los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Red Army thiab cov neeg koom nrog lub Plaub Hlis-Lub Xya Hli 1944. Cov ntawv tshiab tau mob siab rau theem kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj - kev ywj pheej. ntawm Belarus los ntawm cov fascist invaders. Lub teb chaws: ob qho tib si ntawm txoj kev pem hauv ntej thiab qab cov yeeb ncuab kab. Tus kws sau ntawv tau kos rau hauv cov ntawv tshiab tag nrho cov duab npaj txhij los txi lawv tus kheej lub neej rau lub neej dawb.

Melezh Ivan Pavlovich
Melezh Ivan Pavlovich

Cov dab neeg ntawm Ivan Melez muab nws txoj kev tsis txawj tuag. Txoj kev hauv ntau lub nroog ntawm Belarus muaj npe tom qab nws. Lub npe ntawm tus kws sau ntawv tau muab rau lub tsev kawm ntawv theem nrab hauv nws lub tebchaws, lub tsev qiv ntawv thiab lub gym hauv Gomel. Txij li thaum 1980, lub Union ntawm Writers ntawm BSSR tau muab khoom plig rau Ivan Melez Literary nqi zog.

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