Poet Gnedich Nikolai Ivanovich: biography, muaj tswv yim thiab nthuav tseeb
Poet Gnedich Nikolai Ivanovich: biography, muaj tswv yim thiab nthuav tseeb

Video: Poet Gnedich Nikolai Ivanovich: biography, muaj tswv yim thiab nthuav tseeb

Video: Poet Gnedich Nikolai Ivanovich: biography, muaj tswv yim thiab nthuav tseeb
Video: 9 МАЯ - День Победы / Твардовский - «Василий Теркин» 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Gnedich Nikolai Ivanovich - kws sau paj huam thiab tshaj tawm uas nyob hauv peb lub tebchaws thaum tig ntawm 18th thiab 19th centuries. Nws yog tus paub zoo tshaj plaws rau nws txoj kev txhais lus ntawm Homer's Iliad rau hauv Lavxias, thiab nws yog qhov no uas nws thiaj li tau los ua tus siv. Peb yuav tham kom ntxaws txog lub neej, txoj hmoo thiab txoj haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau paj huam nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no.

Gnedich Nikolai Ivanovich
Gnedich Nikolai Ivanovich

Gnedich Nikolai Ivanovich: biography. Childhood

Tus sau yav tom ntej yug hauv Poltava thaum Lub Ob Hlis 2, 1784. Nws niam nws txiv los ntawm cov tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe thaum ub, yuav luag txom nyem los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Me Nikolai poob nws niam thaum ntxov, thiab tom qab ntawd nws yuav luag tuag - kab mob me me hauv lub sijhawm ntawd yog kab mob txaus ntshai. Nws yog tus kab mob uas ua rau Gnedich lub ntsej muag tsis pom thiab ua rau nws lub qhov muag tsis pom.

Xyoo 1793 tus tub raug xa mus kawm ntawm Poltava Theological Seminary. Tsib xyoos tom qab, nws tau txiav txim siab hloov lub tsev kawm ntawv, nrog rau cov tub ntxhais kawm, mus rau Novomirgorod los ntawm Poltava. Tab sis Ivan Petrovich, Gnedich txiv, coj nws tus tub tawm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab xa nws mus rau Kharkov Collegium. Nyob rau hauv cov xyoo ntawd, lub tsev kawm ntawv no tau suav hais tias yog lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj koob npe tshaj plaws hauv Ukrainian. Collegium yav tom ntej kws sau paj lugkawm tiav hauv 1800, tom qab uas nws tsiv mus nyob mus tas li nyob rau hauv Moscow.

Ntawm no, ua ke nrog nws tus phooj ywg qub Alexei Yunoshevsky, nws tau txais mus rau Gymnasium ntawm Moscow University ua tus thawj coj. Tab sis nyob rau hauv tsawg tshaj li ob peb lub hlis, tus tub hluas tau raug xa mus ua ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv mus rau lub Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Philosophy, uas nws ci ntsa iab kawm tiav nyob rau hauv 1802.

Gnedich nikolay ivanovich paj huam
Gnedich nikolay ivanovich paj huam

Thawj tshaj tawm

Nyob rau hauv nws lub tsev kawm ntawv xyoo, Gnedich Nikolai Ivanovich tau los nyob ze rau cov tswv cuab ntawm Lub Koom Haum Kev Sau Ntawv Zoo Nkauj, uas suav nrog A. Turgenev, A. Merzlyakov, A. Kaisarov. Tus kws sau paj lug kuj ua phooj ywg nrog tus kws sau nkauj N. Sandunov. Thaum lub sij hawm xyoo no, tus tub hluas nyiam cov tswv yim tyrannical, nyeem los ntawm F. Schiller.

1802 yog cim los ntawm kev xyiv fab rau Gnedich - nws txhais lus tau luam tawm thawj zaug. Nws yog qhov xwm txheej "Abufar", sau los ntawm Fabkis tus txiv neej J. Ducis. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus kws sau ntawv thawj txoj haujlwm, zaj dab neeg Moritz, lossis Tus Neeg Ua Phem Txhaum Cai, tau luam tawm. Thiab ib xyoos tom qab, ob qhov kev txhais lus ntawm Schiller tau tshwm sim ib zaug - qhov tshiab "Don Corrado de Guerera" thiab qhov xwm txheej "The Fiesco Conspiracy".

Tab sis nyiaj, txawm tias nws pib luam tawm, tseem tsis txaus, yog li kev npaj yuav mus kawm kuv yuav tsum tau tso tseg. Nyob rau hauv 1802 tus kws sau paj lug tsiv mus rau St. Ntawm no nws tau txais ib txoj hauj lwm raws li ib tug nom nyob rau hauv lub department ntawm pej xeem kev kawm ntawv. Gnedich yuav nyob qhov chaw no mus txog 1817.

Tus kws sau ntawv mob siab rau tag nrho nws lub sijhawm dawb rau kev ua yeeb yam thiab ntawv nyeem. Nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam no, nws ua tau zoo heev kev vam meej, thiab kuj tau paub nrog Pushkin, Krylov, Zhukovsky,Derzhavin thiab ob peb yav tom ntej Decembrists.

Gnedich Nikolai Ivanovich thaum yau Story ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb
Gnedich Nikolai Ivanovich thaum yau Story ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb

Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg

Gnedich Nikolai Ivanovich sai sai tau koob meej raws li ib tug kws sau paj lug zoo heev thiab txhais lus. Lub koob meej no tau qhib ua ntej nws lub tsev ntawm ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm siab thiab muaj koob muaj npe ntawm St. Petersburg, suav nrog Olenin thiab Stroganov. Ua tsaug rau kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov neeg no, tus kws sau ntawv tau los ua ib tus tswv cuab ntawm Lavxias Academy hauv xyoo 1811, thiab tom qab ntawd raug xaiv los ua tus thawj coj ntawm tsev qiv ntawv ntawm Imperial Public Library, qhov chaw uas nws tau ua haujlwm ntawm Greek cov ntaub ntawv.

Tsis ntev Gnedich Nikolai Ivanovich tau los ua phooj ywg nrog Olenin. Lawv tau koom ua ke los ntawm kev nyiam ua yeeb yam thiab lub ntiaj teb thaum ub. Qhov no tau hloov pauv nyiaj txiag thiab nom tswv txoj haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau paj huam.

Feem ntau ntawm cov xyoo no tus kws sau ntawv siv sijhawm ua haujlwm hauv tsev qiv ntawv. Los ntawm 1819, nws tau sau ib phau ntawv ntawm txhua phau ntawv uas nyob hauv nws lub tuam tsev, thiab tau sau rau hauv ib daim ntawv tshwj xeeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, Gnedich feem ntau tau nthuav tawm ntawm cov rooj sib tham hauv tsev qiv ntawv.

Gnedich Nikolai Ivanovich luv luv biography
Gnedich Nikolai Ivanovich luv luv biography

Cia li sau phau ntawv

Nyob hauv lub neej, Gnedich NI yog neeg tsis paub qab hau thiab yooj yim-lub siab. Thawj pab nws tau txais lub npe ntawm kev kawm txuj ci thiab qib ntawm lub xeev councilor. Raws li rau cov phau ntawv, Gnedich sau txog 1250 tsawg thiab qee zaum tshwj xeeb ntim hauv nws tus kheej sau. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau paj lug, lawv tag nrho cov tawm ntawm Poltava gymnasium los ntawm kev xav. Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig, cov phau ntawv tau xaus rau hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv Poltava, thiab tom qab ntawd qee tus ntawm lawv tau thauj mus rau Kharkov.

BNyob rau hauv 1826, Gnedich tau muab tsub lub title ntawm coj tus tswv cuab ntawm lub St. Petersburg Academy ntawm Sciences. Thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej nws tau txhais cov hauj lwm ntawm Voltaire, Schiller, Shakespeare.

Kev mob nkeeg thiab kev tuag

Gnedich Nikolai Ivanovich yog tus kws sau paj huam zoo thiab txaus siab los ntawm nws cov neeg kawm. Tab sis tsis yog txhua yam hauv nws lub neej yog rosy. Cov kab mob uas pib thaum yau tsis tso nws tseg. Tus kws sau ntawv tau mus ob peb zaug los kho hauv Caucasus, nto moo rau nws cov dej ntxhia. Tab sis nws tsuas pab tau ib ntus xwb. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1830, cov kab mob hnyav zuj zus ntxiv nrog rau lub zog tshiab, ntxiv rau, mob caj pas tau ntxiv rau lawv. Kev kho mob hauv Moscow nrog cov ntxhia ntxhia dej tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Txawm hais tias lub xeev muaj kev noj qab haus huv, xyoo 1832 tus kws sau paj huam tau tswj hwm kev npaj thiab tshaj tawm cov ntawv sau paj huam.

Xyoo 1833, tus kws sau ntawv tau mob khaub thuas. Lub cev tsis muaj zog tuaj yeem tiv taus tus mob tshiab, thiab thaum Lub Ob Hlis 3, 1833, tus kws sau paj huam tuag thaum muaj hnub nyoog 49 xyoos. Qhov no xaus qhov luv luv biography. Gnedich Nikolai raug faus rau hauv St. Petersburg ntawm lub toj ntxas Tikhvin. Pushkin, Krylov, Vyazemsky, Olenin, Pletnev thiab lwm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd nrog nws mus rau nws txoj kev mus kawg.

luv luv biography gnedich nikolay
luv luv biography gnedich nikolay

Creativity

Lub plawv ntawm tus kws sau cov lus ib txwm muaj lub tswv yim ntawm haiv neeg. Gnedich Nikolai Ivanovich tau nrhiav los piav txog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tus neeg sib haum xeeb thiab ua haujlwm hnyav. Nws tus phab ej yeej ib txwm muaj kev mob siab rau thiab kev ywj pheej-hlub. Qhov no yog qhov ua rau muaj kev txaus siab loj ntawm tus kws sau paj huam hauv Shakespeare, Ossian thiab cov duab qub qub.

Homer cov cim zoo liGnedich ua lub embodiment ntawm cov heroic neeg thiab patriarchal vaj huam sib luag. Nws txoj hauj lwm nto moo tshaj plaws yog Cov Neeg Nkoj, uas tus kws sau ntawv ua ke Lavxias teb sab lus nrog Homeric style. Tsis xav tias qhov no idyll yog suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thawj creation ntawm Gnedich. Txawm tias Pushkin, nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv rau nws "Eugene Onegin", hais cov kab los ntawm cov hauj lwm no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib tug piav qhia ntawm dawb hmo ntuj ntawm St. Petersburg.

Ntawm cov kws sau cov haujlwm, cov hauv qab no yuav tsum tau qhia:

  • "Kev zoo nkauj ntawm Ossian".
  • "Hotel".
  • "Peruvian rau Spanish".
  • "rau phooj ywg".
  • "Ntawm niam lub hleb."

The Iliad

Nyob rau xyoo 1807 Gnedich Nikolai Ivanovich tau txais kev txhais lus ntawm Iliad. Cov paj huam tau sau nyob rau hauv hexameter, uas yog ze rau tus thawj. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog thawj Lavxias teb sab poetic txhais ntawm Homer. Kev ua haujlwm tau siv sijhawm ntau dua 20 xyoo, thiab xyoo 1829 cov ntawv txhais lus tiav tau luam tawm. Kev ua haujlwm yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev coj noj coj ua thiab poetic. Pushkin hu ua "siab feat."

gnedich n thiab biography
gnedich n thiab biography

Lub tswv yim ntawm kev txhais lus tuaj rau Gnedich thaum yau, thaum nws thawj zaug nyeem Homer txoj haujlwm. Ua ntej nws, ntau tus kws sau ntawv nto moo tau ua qhov no, suav nrog Lomonosov thiab Trediakovsky. Tab sis tsis muaj qhov kev sim ua tiav. Lub xeev no tau muab Gnedich cov txhais lus ntau dua thiab qhov tseem ceeb.

Npaj qhov tseeb

Gnedich Nikolai Ivanovich tau ua lub neej zoo heev. Biography luv luv ntawm tus kws sau ntawv tsuas yog muab tso ua ke los ntawm cov xwm txheej nthuav dav uas tshwm sim rau nws:

  • Olenin ib zaug qhiaGnedich raws li ib tug paub zoo thiab zoo txhais lus nyob rau hauv lub salons ntawm Grand Duchess Catherine thiab Empress Maria Feodorovna. Kev paub nrog tus neeg kav yog txiav txim siab rau tus kws sau paj huam. Ua tsaug rau nws txoj kev pab, tus kws sau ntawv tau txais nyiaj laus rau lub neej kom nws thiaj li mob siab rau nws lub sijhawm los txhais lus Iliad.
  • Gnedich yog thawj zaug tshaj tawm cov paj huam los ntawm cov tseem hluas thiab tsis paub Pushkin.
  • Tus kws sau ntawv tau txais ob daim ntawv xaj rau nws txoj haujlwm sau ntawv - Vladimir IV degree thiab Anna II degree.

Hnub no, tsis yog txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm paub tias Nikolai Gnedich yog leej twg thiab nws tau pab dab tsi rau Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, nws lub npe tau khaws cia rau ntau pua xyoo, thiab kev txhais lus ntawm Iliad tseem suav tias tsis muaj txiaj ntsig.

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