Duke Ellington: biography, hnub yug thiab qhov chaw yug, tus kheej lub neej, nthuav tseeb, muaj tswv yim, jazz suab paj nruag, ua yeeb yam thiab repertoire

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Tus paub zoo jazz thuam Vladimir Feiertag hauv nws tsab xov xwm hu ua Duke Ellington yog "tus hlub ntawm jazz". Tsis xav tsis thoob - hmoov zoo nrog nws thoob plaws hauv nws txoj haujlwm. Muaj kev vam meej pib nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm thaum lub koob meej ntawm lub viav vias loj loj mus txog nws lub ncov, Duke, nrog rau nws lub orchestra, sai sai ua tiav. Thiab txawm tias tom qab tsov rog, thaum lub suab seev tsis yooj yim tau ploj mus rau hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo, Ellington tsis tsuas yog nyob twj ywm nrog nws lub tsho loj, tab sis kuj tseem nyiam los ntawm cov pej xeem thoob plaws ntiaj teb, ncig xyuas thiab kaw mus txog hnub kawg.

Nrog rau qhov tseeb, peb tuaj yeem hais tias yog vim li cas rau qhov muaj koob npe nyob hauv qhov qub thiab tib lub sijhawm qhov kev hloov pauv zoo ntawm Duke cov txuj ci, uas ib txwm paub yuav ua li cas ntes cov nkauj tshiab, tsis nyob hauv lub moj khaum. ntawm ib txwm jazz. Phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Duke Ellington no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws txoj haujlwm dav dav, uas tau tso lub cim loj heev tsis yog hauv cov suab paj nruag jazz nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj tseem nyob hauv ntiaj teb cov cuab yeej cuab tam.

Edward Kennedy Ellington -qhov no yog lub npe tiag tiag ntawm lub tshuab raj - nws yug rau lub Plaub Hlis 29, 1899 hauv Washington. Nws txiv, James Edward Ellington, tau ua haujlwm ib zaug ua tus neeg saib xyuas hauv Tsev Dawb, thiab feem ntau tsev neeg uas tus tub loj hlob tau vam meej thiab coj lub neej zoo dua qub rau cov xwm txheej uas muaj npe nrov tshaj plaws ntawm jazz. lub sij hawm ntawd loj hlob tuaj. Ellington muaj kev zoo siab thaum yau - nws raug coj los ntawm kev saib xyuas thiab kev hlub ntawm niam txiv.

Nws niam ntaus piano tau zoo thiab txij li thaum yau pib qhia nws tus tub lub hauv paus ntawm kev kos duab no. Nws tau ua tiav zoo, thiab nws tau ntiav los ntawm ib tus kws qhia suab paj nruag uas twb muaj lawm. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum ib xyoos, Ellington pib sau nws tus kheej sau, thawj zaug paub rau peb yog ragtime Soda Fountain Rag ntawm 1914.

Thaum xub thawj, tus tub hluas tab tom yuav los ua tus kws kos duab thiab txawm kawm hauv tsev kawm tshwj xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab ua haujlwm rau qee lub sijhawm ua tus kws kos duab kos duab, xyoo 1917 nws tau los txiav txim siab xaiv suab paj nruag los ua nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab yog li ntawd nws tawm haujlwm dhau los. Tam sim no tsuas yog cov nyiaj tau los tau ua si hauv zos jazz orchestras, thiab nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Ellington, tsis tas siv sijhawm, txhim kho nws cov txuj ci nrog cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag nto moo.

pib ua haujlwm

Tam sim no xyoo 1922, Ellington muaj nws tus kheej quartet, suav nrog cov phooj ywg ze, hu ua The Wasingtonians ("Washingtonians"). Los ntawm lawv, nws tau txais lub npe menyuam yaus Duke (los ntawm Askiv Duke - duke). Xyoo 1923, lawv tau txais kev koom tes ntev ntawm New York club Barron's, thiab los ntawm qhov ntawd lawv tsiv mus rau The. Kentucky Club.

Ib me ntsis tom qab - los ntawm 1924 - lawv thawj cov ntaub ntawv pib tawm. Ellington, tsis zoo li qee tus ntawm nws cov thawj coj, tau sau cia siab heev.

Xyoo 1926, Ellington tau ntsib Irving Mills, uas tom qab qee lub sijhawm dhau los ua nws tus thawj coj. Nws yog nws tus uas xav kom nthuav dav pawg rau kaum tus neeg thiab tig mus rau hauv lub suab paj nruag puv npo - Duke Ellington thiab Nws Orchestra.

Xyoo 1927 lawv pib ua yeeb yam ntawm Cotton Club muaj koob npe. Lawv qhov kev ua yeeb yam tau tshaj tawm hauv xov tooj cua, uas ua rau lub suab paj nruag paub thoob plaws lub tebchaws.

Hauv xyoo 1931, Duke Ellington thiab nws lub suab paj nruag, yam tsis tau tso tseg cov ntaub ntawv kaw tseg, tau mus ncig lawv thawj qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj koob meej ntxiv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau koom nrog hauv Broadway suab paj nruag yeeb yam Show Girl (lub caij ntuj sov 1929), thiab ib xyoos tom qab - hauv zaj duab xis Check thiab Ob Chav Check.

Corporate Identity

Duke Ellington raug suav tias yog tus pioneer ntawm xws li suab paj nruag. Qhov no yog lub suab tshwj xeeb uas tso cai rau koj kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib cais ntawm ib pawg ntawm lwm tus. Ellington ua tiav qhov no los ntawm kev txawj siv tus kheej lub peev xwm ntawm txhua tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag ntawm nws lub suab paj nruag: lub sijhawm sib txawv - trumpeter Bubber Miley, Charlie Ervis, Tricky Sam Nanton, Cootie Sam Williams, alto saxophonist Johnny Hodges, baritone saxophonist Harry Carney thiab lwm tus.

Lub xyoo thaum ntxov ntawm Duke Ellington lub suab paj nruag thiab jazz ntawm lub sijhawm ntawdtxuam nrog "jungle style" - cov no yog cov txheej txheem nyuaj thiab "hu daim npav" - lub suab nrov nrov ntawm James Bubber Miley. Piv txwv ntawm cov style no yog East St. Louis Toodle-oo, Dub Beauty, Dub Thiab Tan Fantasy, Harlem Speaks thiab lwm yam. East St. Louis Toodle-oo kuj yog thawj zaj nkauj ntawm Duke Ellington nws tus kheej, tso tawm xyoo 1926 thiab rov sau dua xyoo 1927.

Lwm tus yam ntxwv ntawm Ellington band yog "kev xav style", feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog lub suab ntawm Johnny Hodges ' alto saxophone. Nws suav nrog Mood Indigo, uas tau los ua ib qho ntawm tsib hits hauv xyoo 1931. Tib lub xyoo ntawd, Nws Tsis Yog Ib Yam thiab Sophisticated Poj Niam kuj tshwm sim ntawm tus naj npawb ib ntawm cov kab kos.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cov nkauj zoo li Sophisticated Lady thiab Stormy Huab cua, uas tshwm sim tsawg kawg peb xyoos ua ntej "swing boom", tau ua ntej ntawm lawv lub sijhawm thiab xav tias yuav tshwm sim ntawm cov qauv no.

ncig ntiaj teb

Thaum xyoo 1933, pab pawg tau mus txawv tebchaws thawj zaug: nws mus ncig teb chaws Europe nrog kev hais kwv txhiaj, ua yeeb yam ntawm London Palladium Theatre, suav nrog rau pem hauv ntej ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe, uas lawv tau qhuas los tham tom qab.. Kev ncig xyuas tom ntej no tau tshwm sim hauv South America, thiab xyoo 1934 lub suab paj nruag ncig North America ib yam.

Ntxiv rau kev ncig xyuas, kev ua haujlwm tsis nres ntawm kev sau cov nkauj tshiab: thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1934, nws zaj nkauj Saddest Tale tau nyob rau thawj kab ntawm kab kos, xyoo tom ntej ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws - Zoo siab-Go-Round, Nkauj Hmoob,paj rwb. Xyoo 1936, cov khoom ntaus pob tau ntxiv nrog cov khoom xws li Kev Hlub Zoo Li Cigarette thiab Oh Babe! Tej zaum ib hnub. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Duke Ellington tseem sau nkauj rau cov yeeb yaj kiab: Ntau Qhov Zoo Siab Rov Qab Los, lub hlwb ntawm Hollywood's A Day at the Races and Hit Parade (1937), tuaj yeem khav ntawm nws cov suab paj nruag.

Ntau cov nkauj uas yog lub suab paj nruag tsis yog tsim los ntawm tus kheej los ntawm Ellington: nws tau sau qee yam ntawm nws cov ntawv zoo tshaj plaws ua ke nrog lwm tus kws ntaus nkauj lossis ua yeeb yaj kiab ua cov tswv yim ntawm nws cov phooj ywg. Xws li, piv txwv li, yog txoj hmoo ntawm Caravan jazz tus qauv, uas twb dhau los ua classic, sau los ntawm trombonist Juan Tizol.

Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua yam tsis muaj huab cua hauv Duke lub neej: xyoo 1935, nws niam tuag, thiab qhov no yog qhov ua rau tus ntaus suab paj nruag. Lub sijhawm ntawd tau raug cim los ntawm kev kub ntxhov thiab kev ua haujlwm ntev ntev hauv nws txoj haujlwm. Nws tau raug daws los ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg Reminiscing nyob rau hauv Tempo, tso tawm nyob rau hauv 1935, ntau calmer dua nws yav dhau los ua viav vias daim, tsis muaj kev seev cev seev cev thiab improvisation yam ntxwv ntawm jazz.

Music Development

Qhov kawg ntawm xyoo 1930 tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb rau ob qho tib si rau phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Duke Ellington thiab rau nws lub suab paj nruag: pab pawg tau ntxiv nrog cov neeg tshiab. Ua ntej, nyob rau hauv 1939, ib tug txawj ntse pianist, composer thiab organizer, Billy Strayhorn, tshwm sim. Nws tsis ua si nrog lub orchestra ntawm concerts - Duke ua qhov no, tab sis nws tau ua ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo kawg rau kev txhim kho ntawm pab pawg suab paj nruag. Strayhorn Ellington tau sau ntau qhov hits, ntawm qhov uas ib tus nto moo tshaj plaws yog Take The Train in 1941.

Tsis tas li lub sijhawm no tau cim los ntawm kev tuaj txog ntawm tenor saxophonist Ben Webster thiab ob tus bassist Jimmy Blenton. Lawv lub zog ntawm "suab" ntawm Ellington orchestra muaj zog heev uas qee tus tau pib xa mus rau lub sijhawm no nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm lub orchestra los ntawm lawv cov npe.

Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II

Nrog rau kev tawm tsam ntawm Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II, tsoomfwv Meskas tau tshaj tawm ntau qhov kev txwv rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam lom ze: ntau lub koom haum thiab chaw ua yeeb yam tau raug kaw, kaw suab paj nruag raug txwv. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub suab paj nruag: tsis muaj peev xwm sau tau, Duke Ellington tig mus rau lwm hom ntawv thiab lwm yam. Nws tsim cov suab paj nruag zoo heev - piv txwv li, Dub, Brown thiab Beige, yog ib qho ntawm nws txoj haujlwm ntev tshaj plaws thiab hnyav tshaj plaws - thiab tseem ua tau ntau lub concerts solo ntawm Carnegie Hall (1943).

Tom qab tsov rog kawg, qhov xwm txheej nyuaj tshwm sim. Ntawm ib sab, qhov kev txwv kaw tau raug tshem tawm - Ellington rov tau txais lub sijhawm los ua kom muaj zog, thiab nws tam sim ntawd coj kom zoo dua qhov no los ntawm kev tso tawm qhov ntaus Kuv Pib Pom Lub Teeb, kaw ua ke nrog Johnny Hodges.

Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntev no tau ua pov thawj tias muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov viav vias loj: lawv yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev seev cev jazz, lub teeb, suab paj nruag lom zem. Tam sim no cov neeg hu nkauj tau nquag kov yeej qhov chaw ntawm cov suab paj nruag nrov, thiab jazz tau dhau los ua kev kos duab loj dua thiab nyuaj, nkag mus rau theem tshiab ntawm kev txhim kho - bebop. Swing tsis xav tau, thiab feem ntau viav vias bands tawg. Cov kws ntaus nkauj kuj pib tawm ntawm Duke's orchestra.

Newport Festival

Txawm li cas los xij, Duke Ellington phau ntawv keeb kwm tau hloov pauv lub Xya Hli 7, 1956 ntawm Newport Jazz Festival. Nyob ntawd, Ellington Orchestra ua si qhov qub ntaus Dimuendo thiab Crescendo hauv Xiav, ua tiav hauv Paul Gonzales 'ntev tshaj plaws saxophone solo. Cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag tau muab ib qho sawv ovation; Duke tau rov qab los rau saum nws qhov kev ua si. Duke Ellington daim duab tshwm rau ntawm lub npog ntawm Time magazine thiab Columbia rov kos npe rau nws.

New sound

Duke Ellington coj ntau sab nraud cuam tshuam rau nws lub suab paj nruag nyob rau theem tshiab ntawm kev muaj tswv yim. Piv txwv li, nws siv dav siv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov jazz tshiab xws li bebop thiab txias hauv cov ntawv me me. Txawm li cas los xij, kev saib xyuas ntau dua yog them rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm daim ntawv loj. Ellington tsim ib tug xov tooj ntawm orchestral suites, qee qhov kev tshoov siab los ntawm classical composers: Shakespearean Suite (1957), Nutcracker Suite (1960), Per Gynt Suite (1962), Far East Suite (1965), New Orleans Suite (1971) thiab ntau lwm tus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tseem sau nkauj rau cov yeeb yaj kiab: Asph alt Jungle (1950), Anatomy of a Murder (1959), Paris Blues (1961) thiab lwm tus tuaj yeem khav ntawm nws cov suab paj nruag.

Ellington kuj tig mus rau ntau yam sib txawv: piv txwv li, ua haujlwm los ntawm tus thawj coj Italian zoo Arturo Toscanini, nws sau suab paj nruag rau lub suab paj nruag orchestra, thiab xyoo 1965, 1968 thiab 1973 nws tsim peb lub concerts ntawm suab paj nruag dawb ceev.

ncig ua si

Txawm hais tias sau ntawv, Duke Ellington tseem mus ncig ua si, feem ntau nrog nws cov qub hits. Xyoo 1958, nws tau mus ncig rau Tebchaws Europe thiab tom qab ntawd nws yuav luag tag nrho nws lub neej ntawm txoj kev. Yog li ntawd, xyoo 1963 nws yuav rov qab mus rau Tebchaws Europe, tom qab ntawd mus rau cov tebchaws ntawm Middle thiab Far East, xyoo 1964 nws yuav mus ntsib Nyiv.

Duke Ellington phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd muaj keeb kwm sau tseg thiab ua yeeb yam nrog ntau tus neeg ua yeeb yam nrov jazz: Louis Armstrong, John Coltrane, Count Basie, Coleman Hawkins (1961-1962) xyoo 1966-67. Nws ua ob qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj nrog Ella Fitzgerald hauv Tebchaws Europe.

Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1971, Ellington txoj kev ncig xyuas tau tshwm sim hauv Soviet Union. Nws tau mus xyuas Leningrad, Moscow, Kyiv, Minsk thiab Rostov-on-Don.

Tawm mus

Rov qab rau xyoo 1973, cov kws kho mob tau kuaj pom Duke Ellington nrog mob qog noj ntshav. Txawm hais tias nws, txog rau hnub kawg ntawm nws lub neej, nws tau sau ntau thiab ua yeeb yam nrog kev ua yeeb yam, txuas ntxiv ua lub neej nquag. Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 1974 nws tau mob ntsws ntsws thiab tuag rau lub Tsib Hlis 24.

Tus kws sau nkauj nrov jazz no tau faus ntawm Woodlawn Cemetery hauv Bronx, New York.