2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Aksakov Sergey Timofeevich yug hauv 1791 hauv Ufa thiab tuag hauv Moscow hauv 1859. Qhov no yog ib tug kws sau ntawv Lavxias teb sab, pej xeem daim duab, official, memoirist, sau ntawv thuam, thiab kuj yog tus sau phau ntawv txog kev yos hav zoov thiab nuv ntses, sau butterflies. Nws yog leej txiv ntawm Slavophiles, pej xeem cov duab thiab sau ntawv Ivan, Konstantin thiab Vera Aksakov.
Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav xav txog Aksakov cov hauj lwm nyob rau hauv raws sij hawm.
Buran
Lub sijhawm xyoo 1820-1830, cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Sergei Timofeevich yog kev txhais lus, nrog rau kev thuam thiab kev ua yeeb yam, ntau zaj paj huam tau tsim. Nws tau sau nws thawj txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv xyoo 1833 nkaus xwb. Nws yog cov ntawv sau "Buran", luam tawm ib xyoos tom qab tsis qhia npe hauv almanac hu ua "Right Hand". Lub hauv paus ntawm txoj haujlwm no ntawm Aksakov yog qhov tshwm sim tiag tiag, uas tus kws sau ntawv paub los ntawm cov lusnws cov tim khawv. Twb tau qhov kev sau ntawv no tau nqa lub ntsiab ntawm cov haujlwm tom ntej ntawm tus sau, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txaus siab hauv kev muaj tiag. Nyob rau hauv cov hauj lwm no, cov yam ntxwv ntawm Aksakov lub poetics twb tau piav qhia, uas peb paub tus sau no. S. Mashinsky tau sau txog qhov kev tsim no uas daim duab ntawm cua daj cua dub tau kos nrog lub zog qhia tau zoo, ua kom pom tseeb ntawm cov xim thiab kev ua siab loj, raws li tsuas yog Pushkin tuaj yeem sau ua lus hais txog thaum ntawd.
Tom qab tshaj tawm, txoj haujlwm tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm ntau tus neeg thuam. Alexander Sergeevich nws tus kheej txaus siab rau Aksakov cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov cua daj cua dub. Tom qab ntawd, 20 xyoo tom qab, Leo Tolstoy yuav tig mus rau qhov kev paub ntawm tus sau no thaum tsim zaj dab neeg "The Snowstorm".
Peb txuas ntxiv piav qhia txog tej hauj lwm ntawm Aksakov. Lawv daim ntawv teev npe yuav tau ntxiv los ntawm "Sau" txog kev yos hav zoov thiab nuv ntses. Los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm 1830s, lub sijhawm tshiab pib hauv Aksakov lub neej. Nws, raws li nws npau suav, tawm hauv kev ua haujlwm pej xeem, tsom mus rau kev coj noj coj ua ntawm tsev neeg thiab kev lag luam.
Nuv ntses
Aksakov cov haujlwm tau txais kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv 40s. Tom qab ntawd nws pib tsim "Tsev Neeg Keeb Kwm", thiab tom qab ntawd, xyoo 1845, nws txiav txim siab sau ib phau ntawv ntawm kev nuv ntses. Ua haujlwm rau nws tau ua tiav ib xyoos tom qab, thiab xyoo 1847 nws tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub npe "Sau ntawv ntawm Nuv Ntses". Hauv daim ntawv, txoj haujlwm no yog xaiv cov ntawv sau los ntawm tus neeg nuv ntses. Qhov no creation ntawm Aksakov tau ntsib nrog unanimous pom zoo. Ib qho kev nthuav dav thiab kho dua tshiab tau tshwm sim hauv 1854 hauv qabhu ua "Notes on Nuv ntses", thiab ob xyoos tom qab ib tug thib peb tshwm.
Notes of a Rifle Hunter
Aksakov cov haujlwm, cov npe uas peb suav sau, yuav muab ntxiv los ntawm phau ntawv hu ua "Notes of a rifle hunter". Xyoo 1849, Sergei Timofeevich pib ua haujlwm ntawm kev yos hav zoov. Nws tau luam tawm xyoo 1852. Hauv style, qhov kev tsim no zoo ib yam li yav dhau los: nws tshooj yog cov ntawv sau. Phau ntawv no kuj tau nrov sai sai, thiab kev ncig ntawm txoj haujlwm no tau muag tam sim ntawd. Ib zaug ntxiv, rave tshuaj xyuas los ntawm ntau tus neeg thuam, suav nrog Gogol, Turgenev, Chernyshevsky.
Family Chronicle
Xyoo 1840, Aksakov pib tsim "Tsev Neeg Keeb Kwm". Txawm li cas los xij, nws txoj kev xav tau hloov mus rau cov phau ntawv hais txog kev yos hav zoov thiab nuv ntses, thiab tsuas yog xyoo 1852 tau ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntawv sau cia no rov pib dua.
Qee ntu ntawm Aksakov txoj haujlwm tau luam tawm raws li lawv tau sau rau hauv lub sijhawm. Ib tug excerpt me me twb luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1846, thiab nyob rau hauv 1854 thawj rov los ntawm Tsev Neeg Chronicle tshwm nyob rau hauv lub Moskvityanin, ua raws li plaub (hauv Lavxias teb sab lus nyob rau hauv 1856) thiab lub thib tsib (nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab tub txib nyob rau hauv 1856).. Tib lub sijhawm, "Memories" raug tso tawm, uas tom qab ntawd los ua thib peb, cais phau ntawv ntawm trilogy.
Daim ntawv thib ob, luam tawm xyoo 1856, suav nrog ob qhov ntxiv los ntawm txoj haujlwm no, uas thaum kawg tau txais nws daim ntawv kawg.
Exit"Family Chronicle" tau cuam tshuam nrog kev sib txhuam censorship. Aksakov kuj ntshai qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm nws cov neeg nyob ze thiab cov txheeb ze, uas tsis xav kom tsev neeg tsis pub lwm tus paub. Yog li ntawd, tus kws sau ntawv tau hloov ntau lub npe ntawm thaj chaw thiab lub ntsej muag. Phau ntawv acquaints tus nyeem nrog ib daim duab ntawm tus tswv av lub neej nyob rau hauv lub xeev. Qhov trilogy no tau coj qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv, ntsib nrog kev txaus siab txais tos los ntawm cov neeg thuam thiab cov neeg nyeem.
Me nyuam yaus ntawm Bagrov- xeeb ntxwv
Txoj haujlwm no tau tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm xyoo 1854 txog 1856. Tus kws sau ntawv xav tsim ib phau ntawv tshwj xeeb rau cov menyuam yaus, uas yuav tsum tau sau zoo li cov neeg laus, tsis yog cuav rau cov hnub nyoog ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib, tsis muaj kev coj ncaj ncees. Lub hnub yug ntawm no ua hauj lwm los ntawm Aksakov rau cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv 1858. Phau ntawv qhia txog kev hloov pauv ntawm tus phab ej hauv ntiaj teb nrog hnub nyoog.
Zaj dab neeg ntawm Aksakov, cov npe uas muaj, nruj me ntsis hais lus, tsuas yog ib qho haujlwm - "Lub Paj Scarlet", qee qhov xav txog qee qhov laj thawj ntau. Qhov no yog qhov nkag siab: tsuas yog tus kws sau ntawv paub txog tuaj yeem tsim cov dab neeg zoo nkauj no. Aksakov muaj kev paub dhau los, tab sis nws ua haujlwm feem ntau hauv lwm yam. Cov hauj lwm no tau muab tso tawm los ntawm tus sau ua ib qho ntxiv rau phau ntawv "Childhood of Bagrov- xeeb ntxwv". Aksakov tej hauj lwm rau cov me nyuam, raws li koj tau pom, tsis muaj ntau, tab sis heev nthuav thiab nrov txawm hnub no.
Lub tswv yim ntawm "Scarlet Paj" yog kev ua yeeb yam (tsis yog lawmthawj) ntawm zaj dab neeg nto moo txog lub rooj sib tham ntawm kev zoo nkauj thiab cov tsiaj nyaum. Nws tau luam tawm ntau zaus sib cais, dhau los ua cov haujlwm tshaj tawm ntawm Sergei Timofeevich thiab tsim cov dab neeg ntawm "Aksakov's fairy taleas".
Daim ntawv teev cov kev tsim ntawm tus sau no tseem tsis tau tiav, tom qab sau cov haujlwm no, nws tsim lwm tus.
Lwm yam haujlwm
Txoj hauj lwm ntawm trilogy tau tshoov siab rau tus kws sau ntawv, uas tau los nrog lub tswv yim ntawm lwm qhov memoir rau lub sijhawm ntawm nws lub neej xyoo 1820-1830. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis muaj sijhawm los coj nws mus rau lub neej, tab sis nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm nws tau tsim ntau cov ntawv sau memoir nthuav. "Kev paub nrog Derzhavin", "Biography ntawm M. N. Zagoskin" thiab "Recollection of M. N. Zagoskin" tshwm nyob rau hauv 1852.
Nyob rau lub sijhawm xyoo 1856 txog 1858, tus kws sau ntawv tau tsim cov ntawv sau memoir uas txuas ntxiv mus txog A. S. Shishkov, Ya. E. Shusherin thiab G. R. Derzhavin. Phau ntawv no tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv "Lavxias teb sab kev sib tham" nyob rau hauv ib feem, thiab ces, nyob rau hauv 1858, tau muab tso rau hauv lub collections ntawm "Various Works of S. T. Aksakov." Lub sijhawm no, cov ntawv sau cia tau ntsib yam tsis muaj kev txaus siab los ntawm cov neeg thuam, suav nrog N. A. Dobrolyubov. Tus sau tau raug liam tias tsis ncaj ncees thiab tsis ncaj ncees rau nws cov phooj ywg ntawm cov hluas.
Cov haujlwm tshiab
"Sau npauj npaim" - ib zaj dab neeg sau rau xyoo 1858 rau kev sau "Bratchina", ib qho kev tshaj tawm kev siab hlub rau cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Kazan University. Qhov no creation adjoins thematically rautus sau lub tsev kawm ntawv memoirs. Nws tshwm sim tom qab nws tuag. Aksakov, 4 lub hlis ua ntej nws tuag, dictated lwm txoj hauj lwm - "Essay on a Winter Day". "Lub rooj sib tham nrog cov "Martinists" yog qhov kawg ua hauj lwm luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm Sergei Timofeevich thiab luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub "Lavxias teb sab kev sib tham" nyob rau hauv 1859.
Pom zoo:
Daim ntawv teev cov phau ntawv nthuav qhia rau menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus. Daim ntawv teev cov phau ntawv nthuav: fantasy, detectives thiab lwm yam
Zaj lus yuav muaj txiaj ntsig rau cov neeg ntawm txhua lub hnub nyoog uas xav npaj lawv lub sijhawm so los ntawm kev nyeem cov duab kos duab. Cov npe ntawm cov phau ntawv nthuav dav suav nrog cov menyuam yaus cov dab neeg, cov dab neeg taug txuj kev nyuaj, cov dab neeg tshawb nrhiav, kev npau suav, qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas yuav zoo siab txawm tias cov neeg nyeem zoo tshaj plaws
Daim ntawv teev cov neeg tshawb nrhiav zoo tshaj plaws (cov phau ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st). Qhov zoo tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab thiab txawv teb chaws detective phau ntawv: ib daim ntawv teev. Detectives: ib daim ntawv teev cov kws sau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws
Cov kab lus sau cov neeg tshawb nrhiav zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov kws sau ntawv ntawm hom kev ua txhaum cai, uas nws cov haujlwm yuav tsis tso tseg tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm tus kiv cua ntawm kev ua yeeb yam
Kuprin cov haujlwm. Kuprin Alexander Ivanovich: daim ntawv teev cov hauj lwm
Kuprin cov haujlwm tau paub yuav luag txhua tus neeg nyeem Lavxias. Thiab kiag li tag nrho cov dab neeg nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw tsim nyog nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv. Lawv ua siab zoo rau cov neeg laus nyeem ntawv thiab cov neeg nyiam me me ntawm nws cov menyuam cov dab neeg
Hoffmann: ua haujlwm, ua tiav daim ntawv teev npe, kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov phau ntawv, cov ntawv luv luv ntawm tus kws sau ntawv thiab cov ntsiab lus nthuav dav hauv lub neej
Hoffmann cov haujlwm yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev nyiam romantic hauv German style. Nws feem ntau yog ib tug kws sau ntawv, tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj yog ib tug tshuab raj thiab artist. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov neeg niaj hnub tsis nkag siab txog nws tej hauj lwm, tab sis lwm tus neeg sau ntawv tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Hoffmann, piv txwv li, Dostoevsky, Balzac thiab lwm tus
Nekrasov N.A. cov haujlwm: cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Daim ntawv teev cov hauj lwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Nekrasov
"Kuv raug hu los hu nkauj koj kev txom nyem …" - cov kab no ntawm N. Nekrasov muaj kev cuam tshuam tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm nws cov paj huam thiab paj huam. Kev nyuaj ntawm cov neeg Lavxias thiab kev tsis ncaj ncees nyob rau hauv tus tswv ntawm Russia, txoj hmoo ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse, uas tau pib ntawm txoj kev nyuaj ntawm kev tawm tsam, thiab kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Decembrists, kev xaiv tsa tus kws sau paj huam thiab kev hlub rau poj niam - cov no yog cov ntsiab lus uas tus kws sau paj lug mob siab rau nws tej hauj lwm
