Kev sau nkauj hauv suab paj nruag yog Txhais lub tswvyim, hom

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Kev sau nkauj hauv suab paj nruag yog ib lo lus hauv suab paj nruag rau embodied suab paj nruag ua haujlwm uas tau tsim thiab ua tiav. Kuj hu ua "opus".

Los ntawm Latin, lub tswv yim no txhais tau tias "sib sau", "sib sau ua ke".

Qhov ua tiav ntawm cov nkauj sib txawv ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag ntawm pej xeem kos duab thiab improvisation, uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev hloov pauv tsis tu ncua ntawm cov suab paj nruag qub. Piv txwv li, tej yam xws li oriental, jazz thiab pej xeem suab paj nruag.

Kev sau nkauj hauv suab paj nruag yog thawj zaug ntawm tus sau uas tsim nws - tus kws sau nkauj. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm:

• lub hom phiaj muaj tswv yim ua haujlwm ntawm tus sau;
• sib cais ntawm txoj haujlwm los ntawm tus tsim;
• muaj peev xwm los ua cov ntsiab lus nruj raws li cov qauv tsim suab;
• kev ua suab paj nruag theory;
• presentation in a special area of knowledge (kawm sau ua ke).
• presence of a complex apparatus of technical means.

Ntxiv rau, hauv cov suab paj nruag, suab paj nruag yog sivzoo meej notation rau sau fixation. Cov ntawv sau - cov cim tshwj xeeb uas pab sau cov suab paj nruag hauv kev sau ntawv.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub tswvyim

Lub suab paj nruag no, nrog rau cov xwm txheej ntawm tus kws sau nkauj, khov kho nws txoj haujlwm rov qab los hauv Renaissance (Renaissance), thaum lub tswv yim ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm tus kheej ua tus tsim thiab tus tsim tau txhim kho sai heev.

Kev sau nkauj hauv suab paj nruag yog lub suab paj nruag ruaj khov thiab kos duab tag nrho. Nws muaj ib tug unambiguous reproduction ntawm tag nrho cov tseem ceeb Cheebtsam. Nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag, qhov zoo tshaj plaws compositions yog raws li nram no tsis:

• rhythm;
• dynamics (suab ntim, tus cwj pwm ntawm kev ua tau zoo);
• pitch;
• temp.

Qhov kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov nkauj zoo li no tso cai rau koj rov tsim nws lub suab raws nraim, tsis hais lub sijhawm ntau npaum li cas los ntawm kev tsim. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ib txwm hais txog kev ua raws li qee yam kev ua haujlwm.

Lwm yam khoom ntawm hom kev kos duab no, xws li cov nkauj pej xeem, kev seev cev hauv suab paj nruag (dancing, seev cev ib puag ncig) thiab kev ua, tau npaj los nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm lub neej (ua haujlwm, hnub so, caij so, yug menyuam, tshoob kos, ntees tuag, thiab lwm yam). Ib tug muaj pes tsawg leeg, tsis zoo li tej suab paj nruag, tsis hais ib yam dab tsi, nws yog ib tug ua hauj lwm ntawm kos duab uas yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb kev pom thiab auditory perception.

Polysemy ntawm lub sij hawm

Ntawm qub txeeg qub teglub sij hawm, ib lub suab paj nruag ib leeg thiab lub tswv yim ntawm nws yog raws li cov ntawv nyeem los yog seev cev-rhythmic foundation.

Raws li tau piav saum toj no, lo lus no yog muab los ntawm Latin. Yav dhau los, lub tswv yim qub tau siv - melopeya.

Cov lus tsim los ntawm cov lus qhia ua ke tau pom nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv ntawm lub sijhawm medieval, ntau yam treatises, pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 9.

Lo lus no ntau zaus txhais tau tias:

1. Masterful chorale composition (componenda). Chorales yog choral polyphonic tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Protestant thiab Catholic pawg ntseeg los yog ib daim suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv tib daim ntawv.
2. Polyphonic music (musica composita). Lo lus hais txog cov suab paj nruag nyuaj, uas suav nrog ntau yam.
3. Composer.
4. Noted counterpoint (cantus librum cantare, uas txhais tau tias "los hu nkauj dhau ib phau ntawv"). Counterpoint - lub suab sib haum xeeb ntawm ntau lub suab sib txawv, suab tib lub sijhawm. Los ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th paub txog counterpoint varied rau lub sij hawm tshiab ars componedi.
5. Cov lus qhia thiab cov tswv yim ntawm suab paj nruag (musica theoretica, musica practica).

Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Sau

Pib txij li xyoo pua 17th, kev paub txog kev sib sau maj mam hloov mus rau tag nrho kev tshawb fawb. Nws suav nrog:

• musical form;
• instrumentation (ib ntu ntawm kev xav suab paj nruag uas qhia txog cov khoom ntawm ntau yam twj paj nruag thiab yuav ua li cas npaj suab paj nruag rau kev ua si hauv orchestras, chamber ensembles thiab choirs);
• polyphony(polyphony);
• kev sib haum xeeb.

Lub sijhawm dhau mus, suab paj nruag raws li daim duab kos duab tau txav mus rau kev ywj pheej ntawm kev ua yeeb yam. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, tsim ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, lub tswv yim ntawm nws raws li ib daim ntawv nyob rau hauv suab paj nruag, coj qhov chaw. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog raws lub suab paj nruag tshwj xeeb:

• tonality;
• modulation;
• functions;
• thematic;
• motives.
• kev txhim kho txav;
• kev sib txawv ntawm cov nkauj qauv.

Tus kws tshawb fawb sau ua ke them qhov tshwj xeeb hauv suab paj nruag rau lub voj voog sonata.

Sonata voj voog yog ib daim ntawv ntawm cov suab paj nruag uas ib qho ntawm feem ntau nthuav tawm hauv daim ntawv sonata. Lwm hom xws li trio, quartet, symphony.

Ua raws li cov kev cai no, peb tuaj yeem hais tias kev sau nkauj hauv suab paj nruag yog kev tshawb fawb nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev paub txog kev xav thiab cov lus qhia tswv yim rau kev tsim ib daim suab paj nruag. Kev cob qhia uas qhia txog cov ntaub ntawv no tseem tuaj yeem coj mus rau hauv cov tsev kawm tshwj xeeb niaj hnub no. Tam sim no tsuas yog hu ua "essay".

Rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia dav dav ntawm kev sau, phau ntawv tau muab tso ua ke.

Tseem tsis muaj ib qho lus qhuab qhia dav dav ntawm kev sib xyaw uas tuaj yeem ua rau tag nrho nws cov yam ntxwv. Lub tswv yim cuam tshuam rau ntau cov lus qhia thiab cov tswv yim sib cais, los ntawm cov ntawv suab-thematic mus rau cov txheej txheem sib xyaw (kev txhais lus tsis zoo kiag li).

Kev qhuab qhia tshiab

Txoj kev li no los ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st coj mus rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib qho kev kawm tshiab - txoj kev xav ntawm niaj hnub muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Nws suav nrog xws lisuab paj nruag phenomena xws li:

• sonorics (muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog timbre sonorities);
• aleatoric (suav nrog cov ntawv nyeem xoob);
• serialism (tus qauv no muaj feem xyuam nrog cov txheej txheem serial los ntawm dodecaphony).

Ntxhais lus sau cia

Cov no suav nrog:

1. "Musian Grammar" los ntawm Nikolai Diletsky.
2. "Ib Txoj Kev Qhia Txog Kev Sau Nkauj" los ntawm I. L. Fuchs.
3. "Cov chav kawm pib ntawm cov tswv yim ua ke" los ntawm M. F. Gnesin.

Cov nkauj zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov suab paj nruag classical

Yog tias peb tham txog kev sau paj nruag ua tiav, muaj ntau daim ntawv hauv Lavxias teb sab uas tseem cuam tshuam txhua lub sijhawm. Cov no yog cov haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm P. I. Tchaikovsky, M. I. Glinka, A. P. Borodin, M. P. Mussorgsky, S. V. Rachmaninov thiab lwm cov neeg sau ntawv Lavxias nto moo.

Cov haujlwm zoo tshaj yog suav tias yog:

1. Tus Nutcracker Ballet (Flower W altz, Suav Dance, Dragee Fairy Dance), W altz los ntawm Tchaikovsky's Lub Pw Tsaug Zog Zoo, thiab nws Piano Concertos.
2. Opera "Prince Igor" los ntawm A. P. Borodin (aria ntawm Prince Igor, hu nkauj ntawm cov ntxhais "Fly deb ntawm tis ntawm cua").
3. Overture "Hmo ntuj hauv Madrid", symphonic fantasy "Kamarinskaya" los ntawm M. I. Glinka.
4. "Piano Concerto No. 2", "Italian Polka" by S. V. Rachmaninov.
5. Ballets "Romeo thiab Juliet", "Cinderella", opera "Hlub rau Peb Txiv Kab ntxwv", cantata "Alexander Nevsky" los ntawm S. S. Prokofiev.

Tau kawg, tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab composers tau teev nyob ntawm no. Muaj ntau lwm yam suab paj nruag sib npaug.

Nkauj tawm tshiab

Suab nkauj los ntawm lwm lub teb chaws kuj nplua nuj thiab ntau yam. L. V. Beethoven, J. S. Bach, W. A. Mozart, A. Vivaldi, F. Chopin, F. Schubert, E. Grieg, J. Brahms raug suav hais tias yog tus tsim cov nkauj zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov suab paj nruag txawv teb chaws.