Kev nthuav tawm hauv suab paj nruag yog Kev nthuav qhia hauv suab paj nruag ntawm xyoo pua 20th

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Nyob rau hauv thawj peb lub hlis twg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, ib qho kev taw qhia tshiab, tawm tsam cov classical views ntawm creativity, tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, fine arts, xinesmas thiab suab paj nruag, tshaj tawm cov kev qhia ntawm lub subjective sab ntsuj plig ntiaj teb no ntawm tib neeg lub ntsiab. lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kos duab. Expressionism nyob rau hauv suab paj nruag yog ib qho ntawm cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tshaj plaws thiab nyuaj txav.

How Expressionism tshwm sim

Kev Tshaj Tawm tau tshwm sim thiab pom nws tus kheej kom meej meej hauv kab lis kev cai ntawm Austria thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees. Xyoo 1905, hauv Dresden, ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab Technical, cov tub ntxhais kawm tsim lub voj voog, uas hu ua "Tus Choj". E. Nolde, P. Klee, M. Pichstein, E. Kirchner tau los ua nws cov neeg koom. Tsis ntev, cov neeg txawv teb chaws, suav nrog cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw los ntawm Russia, tau koom nrog cov neeg ua yeeb yam German. Tom qab ntawd, xyoo 1911, lwm lub koom haum tau tshwm sim hauv Munich - Blue Rider, uas suav nrog W. Kandinsky, P. Klee, F. Mark, L. Feininger.

Nws yog cov mugs uas tau los uacov progenitors ntawm artistic kev taw qhia, tom qab uas cov koom haum sau ntawv pib tshwm, cov ntawv xov xwm ("Storm", "Storm", "Action") tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv Berlin, ib tug kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv cov ntawv tseeb thiab suab paj nruag.

Nws ntseeg tias lo lus "kev tshaj tawm" tau qhia hauv xyoo 1910 los ntawm tus kws sau keeb kwm los ntawm Czech koom pheej A. Mateycek. Tab sis ntev ua ntej ntawd, thaum kawg ntawm 15th thiab pib ntawm 16th centuries, Spanish artist El Greco thiab Mattias Grunewald los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees twb siv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsa nto thiab kev xav siab heev hauv lawv txoj haujlwm. Thiab cov neeg nthuav qhia ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum pib xav txog lawv tus kheej lawv cov thwjtim thiab, tso siab rau cov haujlwm ntawm Friedrich Nietzsche (kev kho mob "Lub Hnub Yug ntawm Kev Txom Nyem") ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb ("Dionysian") pib ntawm kev kos duab, pib tsim cov lus qhia rau chaos ntawm txoj kev xav thiab txoj kev ntawm kev qhia nws nyob rau hauv kos duab.

Dab tsi yog kev nthuav qhia

Nws ntseeg tias kev qhia tawm tau tshwm sim vim qhov mob thiab nyuaj ntawm kev xav ntawm tib neeg mus rau qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev vam meej niaj hnub no, xws li kev ua tsov ua rog (Lub Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog I), kev hloov pauv. Kev ntshai, kev poob siab, kev ntxhov siab, kev mob, kev puas siab puas ntsws tsis zoo - tag nrho cov no tsis tso cai rau cov neeg ua yeeb yam pom lub ntiaj teb nyob ib puag ncig lawv lub hom phiaj. Thiab tom qab ntawd ib txoj hauv kev tshiab tau tsim tawm uas tsis lees paub tag nrho cov naturalism thiab aesthetics tus yam ntxwv ntawm yav dhau los cov creators.

Kev zoo nkauj ntawm kev nthuav qhia hauv cov ntawv nyeem, pleev xim thiab suab paj nruag yog ua raws li kev qhia ntawm kev xav, ua qauv qhia ntawm lub ntiaj teb sab hauv ntawm tib neeg. Nws tsis yog cov duab uas tseem ceeb dua, tab sis qhov kev qhia ntawm kev xav (mob, qw, ntshai heev). Hauv kev muaj tswv yimtxoj hauj lwm tsis yog los tsim kev muaj tiag, tab sis qhia cov kev paub cuam tshuam nrog nws. Kuv nquag siv ntau yam kev qhia - exaggeration, complex los yog simplification, hloov chaw.

Kev xav hauv suab paj nruag - yog dab tsi?

Cov kws sau paj huam yeej ib txwm siv zog rau qhov tshiab thiab tsis paub. Nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm, muaj cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag uas ua raws li lub sij hawm thiab, nyob rau hauv tus ntawm cov tshiab kos duab tiam sis, nrhiav tau thiab invented lawv txoj kev los ntawm cov suab paj nruas txhais tau tias.

Kev nthuav tawm hauv suab paj nruag yog "psychogram ntawm tib neeg tus ntsuj plig". Qhov no yog qhov German philosopher Theodor Adorno hais. Txhua yam kev coj noj coj ua, cov ntaub ntawv classical ntawm ib daim suab paj nruag, cov yuam sij thiab lwm yam kev txwv ntawm cov qauv (classicism, romanticism, rococo) raug tsis lees paub los ntawm kev nthuav tawm hauv suab paj nruag, qhov no yog nws lub ntsiab qhov txawv.

Basic means of expression

• Kev kawm tsis sib haum xeeb hauv kev sib haum xeeb.
• Tsis muaj kev nkag siab classical ntawm lub sijhawm kos npe thiab kev sib dhos hauv suab paj nruag.
• Txoj kev tsis sib xws, ntse, tawg suab paj nruag.
• Ntxub thiab tsis yog-tus qauv ntu thiab chords.
• Kev hloov pauv ntawm lub suab paj nruag sai sai thiab tsis xav txog.
• Kev tsis muaj tus qauv loj-me hom - atonality.
• Hloov ib lub suab nrog ib qho instrumental, thiab vice versa.
• Hloov hu nkauj nrog hais lus ntxhi, qw.
• Irregularity thiab txawv txav ntawm accents nyob rau hauv lub atherosclerosis.

Nkauj ntseeg tawm tshiab 20th century music

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev taw qhia tshiab hauv suab paj nruag thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm nws. Expressionism nyob rau hauv suab paj nruag yog ib tug tsis lees paub ntawm classical daim ntawv ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, lub sij hawm kos npe, yuam sij thiab hom. Cov kev qhia tshiab xws li kev ua siab dawb paug (tawm ntawm lub logic ntawm classical loj-me hom), dodecaphony (ua ke ntawm kaum ob lub suab), kev hu nkauj tshiab hauv cov suab nkauj (hais, hu nkauj, ntxhi, qw) ua rau muaj peev xwm ua tau. ib qho ncaj qha ntxiv kev nthuav qhia ntawm ib tus ntsuj plig » (T. Adorno).

Lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag hauv xyoo pua nees nkaum yog txuam nrog Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Viennese Thib Ob (Novovenskaya) thiab lub npe ntawm tus kws sau nkauj Austrian Arnold Schoenberg. Nyob rau hauv thawj thiab thib ob xyoo caum ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, Schoenberg thiab nws cov tub ntxhais kawm Alban Berg thiab Anton Webern nteg lub hauv paus rau lub zog thiab tau sau ib tug xov tooj ntawm tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug tshiab style. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau xyoo 1910, cov kws sau ntawv hauv qab no tsim lawv cov haujlwm nrog kev nyiam rau kev xav:

• Paul Hindemith.
• Igor Stravinsky.
• Bela Bartok.
• Ernst Ksheneck.

nkauj tawm tshiab ua rau muaj cua daj cua dub thiab cua daj cua dub thuam cov pej xeem. Ntau tus neeg suav hais tias cov suab paj nruag ntawm cov neeg sau nkauj txaus ntshai thiab txaus ntshai, tab sis tseem pom nyob rau hauv nws qhov tob, kev xav thiab mysticism.

Idea

Cov kws sau nkauj pom kev nthuav tawm hauv suab paj nruag hauv qhov kev paub zoo nkauj thiab ntse, kev xav ntawm ib tus neeg. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev kho siab, kev nyuaj siab,kev nkag siab yuam kev, ntshai, mob, melancholy thiab poob siab - qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas cov suab paj nruag xav qhia nyob rau hauv lawv tej hauj lwm. Kev hais lus intonations, tsis muaj suab paj nruag, tsis sib haum xeeb, dhia nrawm thiab tsis sib haum xeeb, tawg ntawm kev sib dhos thiab lub sijhawm, cov suab tsis sib xws, kev sib hloov ntawm cov neeg tsis muaj zog thiab muaj zog, tsis siv cov cuab yeej siv (hauv kev sau npe tsis zoo, hauv ib pawg tsis sib xws) - tag nrho. cov tswv yim no tau tsim los qhia kev xav thiab nthuav tawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus neeg sau lub siab.

Composers - Expressionists

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kev nthuav qhia hauv suab paj nruag yog:

Arnold Schoenberg (lub voj voog Lunar Pierrot, monodrama Tos, cantata Survivor hauv Warsaw, opera Aaron thiab Mauxes, Ode rau Napoleon)

Ernst Krenek (opera "Orpheus thiab Eurydice", opera "Johnny yog strumming")

Bela Bartok ("Sonata", "First Piano Concerto", "Third Piano Concerto", "Music for Strings, Percussion and Celesta", "The Rite of Spring", "Wonderful Mandarin" thiab lwm yam khoom siv)

Paul Hindemith (ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab "Killer, Women's Hope", piano suite "1922")

Igor Stravinsky ("Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm Hmab", "Lub tshoob", "Nightingale", "Lub Firebird", "Petrushka" thiab ntau lwm yam haujlwm)

Gustav Mahler (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov haujlwm tom qab ntawm "Song of the Earth" thiab qhov tsis tiav thib kaumsymphony).

Alban Berg (Opera Wozzeck)

Anton Webern (tsib lub suab paj nruag, hlua trio, Holy of Holies, contata Light of the Eyes)

Richard Strauss (operas Elektra thiab Solomeya)

Expressionist chamber music

Nws tau tshwm sim tias Schoenberg lub tsev kawm ntawv maj mam txav deb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv symphonic, thiab qhov no tuaj yeem ua tus cwj pwm kev qhia hauv suab paj nruag. Cov duab ntawm cov suab paj nruag chamber (rau ib qho cuab yeej, duets, quartets lossis quintes thiab me me orchestras) muaj ntau ntau hauv cov qauv no. Schoenberg ntseeg tias nws qhov kev tsim kho - atonality - tsis haum zoo nrog cov haujlwm loj thiab loj.

Lub tsev kawm ntawv Viennese tshiab yog kev txhais cov nkauj sib txawv. Chaos, sab ntsuj plig, kev nkag siab tshiab ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm lub neej yam tsis muaj embellishment thiab fixation los ua lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm tus kheej. Kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov suab paj nruag, qhov kev tsim tawm ntawm kev sib txawv tonality - kev ntxeev siab tawm tsam cov kev xav ntawm kev kos duab - ib txwm ua rau muaj kev npau taws thiab tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov neeg thuam. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis tau tiv thaiv Novy Viennese cov neeg sau los ntawm kev tau txais kev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb thiab ntau tus neeg mloog.