Renaissance sculptures: duab thiab piav qhia

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

pib ntawm Renaissance poob rau thawj peb lub hlis twg ntawm XIV xyoo pua. Nyob rau peb lub xyoos tom ntej no, kab lis kev cai ntawm Renaissance tau txhim kho sai sai, thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kaum xyoo dhau los ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th nws tau poob qis. Ib tug txawv feature ntawm lub Renaissance yog hais tias kab lis kev cai nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws cov guises yog secular nyob rau hauv cov xwm, thaum anthropocentrism dominated nyob rau hauv nws, uas yog, nyob rau hauv lub foreground yog ib tug neeg, nws nyiam thiab kev ua ub no raws li lub hauv paus ntawm lub neej. Thaum lub sij hawm heyday ntawm Renaissance nyob rau hauv European haiv neeg, muaj kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm. Qhov pom pom tshaj plaws ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Renaissance yog Renaissance style hauv architecture. Lub hauv paus ntawm architecture, tsim ntau pua xyoo, tau hloov kho, feem ntau siv cov ntaub ntawv npaj txhij txog.

Renaissance hauv architecture

Renaissance sculptures tsis tau pib ua rau lawv tus kheej paub. Lawv lub luag hauj lwm raug txo mus rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm architectural txiav txim: bas-reliefs ntawm cornices, capitals, friezes thiab portals. Thaum pib ntawm lub Renaissance tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm Romanesque style ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj.architectural lug, thiab vim hais tias cov style no yog inextricably txuas nrog phab ntsa dluab, sculptures rau lub sij hawm ntev tau siv tsuas yog rau decorating facades. Yog li, "Renaissance" style ntawm architecture tshwm sim, kev sib sau ntawm classical contours nrog ib tug tshiab aesthetic. Thaum lub sij hawm Renaissance, facades ntawm lub tsev tau ennobled nrog sculptural compositions. Renaissance painting thiab duab puab los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm architectural lug. Artistic frescoes tau muab tso rau hauv cov duab puab ua los ntawm marble thiab bronze.

High Renaissance architecture

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm Renaissance hauv kev coj noj coj ua feem cuam tshuam rau kev tsim vaj tsev. Lub architecture ntawm High Renaissance tau tsim nyob rau hauv Rome, qhov twg, tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm lub sij hawm dhau los, lub teb chaws style pib ua zoo. Majesty, txwv tsis pub muaj koob muaj npe thiab cov cim ntawm monumentality tau tshwm sim hauv cov tsev. Cov tsev nyob hauv Rome tau pib ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm central-axial symmetry. Tus tsim ntawm tus qauv tshiab yog Donato d'Angelo Bramante, tus kws tsim txuj ci uas tsim St. Peter's Basilica hauv Vatican.

Style Interaction

Lub sijhawm dhau mus, Renaissance sculptures pib ua ntau thiab ntau cov ntaub ntawv ywj pheej. Qhov pib ntawm cov duab zoo li no tau tso los ntawm Italian sculptor Viligelmo, uas, thaum tsim cov kev pab cuam rau lub tsev teev ntuj hauv Modena, ua rau cov duab ntawm cov duab puab ntawm phab ntsa, thiab yog li kev ywj pheej ntawm kev kos duab tshwm sim, txuas nrog phab ntsa nkaus xwb. tsis ncaj. Ib qho sculpturaldaim duab leaned rau ntawm phab ntsa, tab sis tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv. Lub dynamic atherosclerosis tshwm sim, qhov chaw ntawm cov mlom ntawm cov pob tw ntxiv rau qhov kev xav ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm ib puag ncig. Cov vaj tsev architectural thiab sculptures ntawm Renaissance tau nce zuj zus mus yam tsis tau poob lawv txoj kev sib raug zoo. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lawv organically ntxiv ib leeg.

Tom qab ntawd, cov duab puab Renaissance tau sib cais los ntawm lub dav hlau ntawm phab ntsa. Nws yog ib tug txheej txheem ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav tej yam tshiab. Kev maj mam liberation ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yas los ntawm lub dav hlau architectural xaus nrog qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm kev ywj pheej sculptural art.

Ntaus sculptors ntawm lub Renaissance

Lub sijhawm keeb kwm, uas tau hu ua "Renaissance", duab puab tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm kev kos duab siab. XVI sculptors ntawm European keeb kwm tau txais keeb kwm tseem ceeb, uas yog:

• Andrea Verrocchio;
• Becerra Gaspar;
• Nanni di Banco;
• Nicolas 'purse;
• Santi Gucci;
• Niccolò di Donatello;
• Giambologna;
• Desiderio da Settignano;
• Jacopo della Quercia;
• Arnolfo di Cambio;
• Michelangelo Buonarotti;
• Jan Pfister;
• Luca Della Robbia;
• Andrea Sansovino;
• Benvenuto Cellini;
• Domenico Fancelli.

Cov neeg nto moo tshaj plaws Renaissance yog:

• Michelangelo Buonarotti;
• Donatello;
• Benvenuto Cellini.

Cov duab puab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Renaissance tuaj tawmlos ntawm hauv qab chisel ntawm no unsurpassed masters.

Famous Florentine

Niccolò di Betto Bardi Donatello, tus tsim ntawm sculptural portrait, yog suav tias yog tus sculptor tiag tiag ntawm nws lub sijhawm, tsis lees txais qhov "zoo nkauj" nyob deb ntawm kev kos duab. Nrog rau qhov tseeb style, nws tau txawj ntse hauv canonical classics. Ib qho ntawm Donatello tus masterpieces yog ntoo pej thuam ntawm Magdalene (1434, Florence Baptistery). Tus poj niam laus emaciated, ntev-hais plaub hau yog piav qhia nrog qhov tseeb txaus ntshai. Txoj kev txom nyem ntawm lub neej no tshwm sim rau ntawm lub ntsej muag haggard ntawm hermit.

Lwm cov duab puab los ntawm tus tswv zoo - "Vaj ntxwv David", uas nyob rau ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm Giotto tus pej thuam hauv Florence. Tus pej thuam marble ntawm St. George txuas ntxiv cov ntsiab lus hauv phau Vajlugkub, pib los ntawm tus sculptor los ntawm cov duab ntawm St. Mark tus Thwj Tim, kuj nyob rau hauv marble. Los ntawm tib series, cov duab puab ntawm St. John the Baptist.

Los ntawm 1443 txog 1453, Donatello nyob hauv Padua, qhov chaw nws tsim cov duab puab "Gattamelata" uas piav txog lub condottiere Erasmo de Narni.

Hauv 1453 nws rov qab mus rau nws lub nroog Florence, qhov chaw nws nyob mus txog thaum nws tuag xyoo 1466.

Benvenuto Cellini

Vatican tsev hais plaub sculptor Benvenuto Cellini yug hauv 1500 hauv tsev neeg ntawm tus tswv txee. Nws raug suav hais tias yog ib tus neeg ua raws li kev coj cwj pwm - ib qho qauv uas qhia txog cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo nkauj hauv kev kos duab. Nws feem ntau ua haujlwm nrog bronze casting. Cov duab puab nto moo tshaj plaws los ntawm Cellini:

• "Lub Nymph ntawm Fontainebleau"- bronze nyem, nrum xyoo 1545, tam sim no hauv Louvre hauv Paris.
• "Perseus" - Florence, Loggia ntawm Lanzi.
• Bust of Cosimo de' Medici - Florence, Bargello.
• "Apollo thiab Hyacinth" - Florence.
• Bust ntawm Bindo Altoviti - Florence.
• "Crucifixion" - Escorial, 1562.

Tus kws kos duab zoo Benvenuto Cellini tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov cim hauv lub xeev, khoom plig thiab cov qauv npib. Nws, ntawm lwm yam, yog ib tug txawj ntse heev thiab muaj kev vam meej jeweler ntawm lub Vatican. Tus Pope xaj cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub zoo los ntawm Benvenuto.

Michelangelo Buonarroti

Genius Renaissance sculptor, tus sau cov haujlwm tsis txawj tuag hauv marble thiab bronze Michelangelo Buonarroti yug hauv 1475 hauv lub nroog Tuscan me ntawm Caprese. Tus tub hluas tau kawm siv cov cuab yeej siv duab puab ua ntej nws tuaj yeem sau thiab nyeem. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 13 xyoos, Michelangelo tau kawm rau tus kws kos duab Ghirlandaio Domenico. Tom qab ntawd Lorenzo de Medici, ib tug neeg muaj koob muaj npe Florentine, tau kawm txog nws lub peev xwm. Nobleman pib patronize tus hluas.

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog nees nkaum xyoo, Buonarroti tsim ntau cov duab puab rau lub archway ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Dominic hauv Bologna. Nws ces sculpted ob sculptures ("Pleev Cupid" thiab "Saint Johannes") rau Dominican preacher Girolamo Savonarola. Ib xyoos tom qab, Michelangelo tau txais kev caw los ntawm Cardinal Rafael Riario los ua haujlwm hauv Rome. Nyob ntawd tus sculptor tsim lub "Roman Pieta" thiab"Bacchus"..

Hauv Rome, Buonarroti ua tiav ntau qhov kev txiav txim rau ntau lub tsev teev ntuj thiab cov tsev teev ntuj, thiab xyoo 1505 Pope Julius II muab nws txoj haujlwm ua lub luag haujlwm - ua lub qhov ntxa rau nws txoj kev dawb huv. Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog xws li lub luag hauj lwm txiav txim, Michelangelo tawm mus rau Carrara, qhov chaw uas nws siv ntau tshaj rau lub hlis, xaiv lub zoo marble rau papal lub ntxa.

Rau lub ntxa, tus kws kos duab ua plaub daim duab puab: "Tus qhev tuag", "Leah", "Mauxes" thiab "Tus qhev Bound". Los ntawm 1508 mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm 1512, Buonarroti ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub frescoes ntawm lub Sistine Chapel. Xyoo 1513, tom qab kev tuag ntawm Julius II, tus kws kos duab tau txais kev txiav txim los ntawm Giovanni Medici los ua tus mlom ntawm Tswv Yexus nrog tus ntoo khaub lig.

Tus kws kos duab Renaissance zoo Michelangelo Buonarroti tuag hauv 1564 hauv Rome. Nws raug faus rau hauv Florentine Basilica ntawm Santa Croce.

Cinquicento

Lub sijhawm ntawm High Renaissance organically haum rau tag nrho cov duab ntawm Renaissance. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lo lus "cinquicento" tau tshwm sim, uas txhais tau hais tias "superiority". Lub sijhawm ntawm kev tawm mus no tau siv sijhawm li plaub caug xyoo. Nws muab lub ntiaj teb no masterpieces uas nyob mus ib txhis inscribed nyob rau hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj ntawm high art. Portrait of Mona Lisa thiab "The Last Supper" los ntawm Leonardo da Vinci, "Sistine Madonna" los ntawm Raphael Santi, "David" los ntawm Michelangelo Buonarroti - cov no thiab lwm yam hauj lwm adorn lub tsev ntawm prestigious tsev cia puav pheej.

Italian sculptor Andrea Sansovino (1467-1529) yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plawsCov neeg sawv cev ntawm High Renaissance. Sansovino thawj txoj haujlwm yog terracotta altarpiece rau lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Santa Agata, nrog cov duab ntawm St. Sebastian, Roch thiab Lawrence. Andrea sculpted ib pawg sculptural zoo sib xws rau lub thaj ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm San Spirito nyob rau hauv Florence. Cov duab puab ntawm High Renaissance yog qhov txawv los ntawm kev hais lus ntawm sab ntsuj plig thiab qee qhov tshwj xeeb nkag mus.

Verocchio Andrea

Nov yog tus kws kos duab nto moo ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Renaissance, tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm Leonardo da Vinci, Sandro Botticelli thiab Pietro Perugino. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm Verrocchio txoj haujlwm yog duab puab, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thib ob yog painting. Andrea yog tus thawj coj nto moo ntawm cov khoom hauv tsev hais plaub thiab tus kws kho kom zoo nkauj. High Renaissance duab puab tau pib nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Verrocchio.

Tus kws kos duab ua haujlwm ntev heev thaum nyob hauv Florence. Nws tsim ib lub qhov ntxa rau Florentine nobleman Cosimo Medici, tom qab ntawd rau ntau tshaj nees nkaum xyoo tus sculptor ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub "Assurance of Thomas". Tus pej thuam nto moo ntawm David tau tsim los ntawm Verrocchio hauv xyoo 1476. Tus mlom tooj liab tau npaj los kho lub Medici villa, tab sis Giuliano thiab Lorenzo suav tias lawv tus kheej tsis tsim nyog ntawm qhov kev hwm siab thiab ntxeev siab rau cov duab puab hauv Palazzo Signoria hauv Florence. Cov duab puab zoo kawg nkaus ntawm Early Renaissance yog li pom nws qhov chaw. Hauv cov tsev ntiag tug, lawv tau sim tsis txhob khaws cov duab kos duab tshwj xeeb. Tsis muaj nqi tsawg dua los ntawm qhov pom ntawm kev kos duab siab kuj yog tom qab Renaissance. Benvenuto Cellini cov duab puab "Perseus" raug txiav txim siabunsurpassed masterpiece ntawm lub lig Renaissance.