Italian seev cev: keeb kwm thiab lawv ntau yam

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Nyob hauv ntiaj teb no muaj ntau haiv neeg sib txuas lus sib txawv. Tab sis tsis yog tsuas yog cov lus hais tib neeg thoob plaws keeb kwm. Txhawm rau ua kom lawv lub siab xav thiab kev xav ntawm sab ntsuj plig, cov nkauj thiab seev cev tau siv thaum ub.

Dab kos duab tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm kev txhim kho kab lis kev cai

Italian kab lis kev cai yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev ua tiav. Qhov pib ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob sai coincides nrog lub hnub yug ntawm ib tug tshiab era - lub Renaissance. Qhov tseeb, Renaissance tshwm sim meej nyob rau hauv ltalis thiab rau qee lub sij hawm txhim kho sab hauv, yam tsis tau kov lwm lub teb chaws. Nws thawj qhov kev vam meej poob rau xyoo XIV-XV. Tom qab ntawd los ntawm Ltalis lawv kis thoob plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm folklore kuj pib nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XIV. Lub siab tshiab ntawm kev kos duab, tus cwj pwm txawv rau lub ntiaj teb thiab tib neeg, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tau cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau hauv pej xeem seev cev.

Renaissance influence: new pas and balli

Nyob rau hauv Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub Nyoog, Italian kev txav mus rau suab paj nruag tau ua ib kauj ruam zuj zus, ua haujlwm zoo, nrog viav vias. Lub Renaissance hloov tus cwj pwm ntawm Vajtswv, uas tau xav txog hauv cov dab neeg. Italian seev cev tau txais lub zog thiab muaj zog txav. Yog li ntawd, pas "mus rau tag nrho ko taw" symbolized lub ntiaj teb nolub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm tus txiv neej, nws kev twb kev txuas nrog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm xwm. Thiab lub zog "ntawm ntiv taw" lossis "nrog dhia" txheeb xyuas tus neeg lub siab xav rau Vajtswv thiab nws lub koob meej. Italian seev cev cuab yeej cuab tam yog raws li lawv. Lawv ua ke hu ua "balli" lossis "ballo".

Italian Renaissance Folk Musical Instruments

Folklore tej hauj lwm tau ua los nrog. Cov cuab yeej hauv qab no tau siv rau qhov no:

• Harpsichord (Italian "chembalo"). Thawj tau hais: Ltalis, XIV caug xyoo.
• Tambourine (ib hom tambourine, yawg koob ntawm lub nruas niaj hnub). Cov seev cev kuj tau siv thaum lawv txav mus los.
• Violin (ib qho cuab yeej hneev taw uas tshwm sim hauv xyoo pua 15th). Nws ntau yam Italian yog viola.
• Lute (plucked string instrument.)

Dance Variety

Lub ntiaj teb suab paj nruag ntawm Ltalis tau txais ntau haiv neeg. Cov tsos ntawm cov cuab yeej tshiab thiab cov suab paj nruag ua rau muaj zog txav mus rau qhov sib tw. National Italian seev cev tau yug thiab tsim. Lawv cov npe raug tsim, feem ntau ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm thaj chaw. Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm lawv. Cov seev cev Italian tseem ceeb niaj hnub no yog bergamasca, galliard, salarella, pavane, tarantella thiab pizza.

Bergamasque: cov qhab nia classic

Bergamasca yog ib qho kev ua yeeb yam Italian pej xeem nyiam ntawm 16th-17th centuries, uas tawm ntawm kev zam tom qab, tab sis tshuav cov suab paj nruag qub qub. Lub tsev cheeb tsam: sab qaum teb Ltalis, xeev Bergamo. Nkaujqhov kev seev cev no zoo siab, suab paj nruag. Lub moos ' meter ' yog ib tug complex plaub quadruple. Cov kev txav yog yooj yim, du, ua khub, kev hloov ntawm cov khub tuaj yeem ua tau hauv cov txheej txheem. Thaum xub thawj, cov pej xeem seev cev poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog lub tsev hais plaub thaum lub sij hawm Renaissance.

Thawj phau ntawv hais txog nws tau pom hauv William Shakespeare qhov kev ua si A Midsummer Night's Dream. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, Bergamasque smoothly dhau los ntawm kev seev cev lus dab neeg mus rau hauv cov cuab yeej cuab tam. Ntau tus kws sau nkauj tau siv cov qauv no hauv lawv cov nkauj: Marco Uccellini, Solomon Rossi, Girolamo Frescobaldi, Johann Sebastian Bach.

Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, kev txhais lus txawv ntawm Bergamasque tshwm sim. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm qhov ntsuas suab paj nruag, nrawm nrawm (A. Piatti, C. Debussy). Txog niaj hnub no, cov suab paj nruag ntawm cov lus dab neeg bergamask tau khaws cia, uas lawv tau sim ua kom zoo rau hauv kev ua yeeb yam thiab ua yeeb yam, siv cov suab paj nruag uas tsim nyog.

Galliard: zoo siab seev cev

Gagliarda yog ib qho qub Italian seev cev, ib qho ntawm thawj pej xeem seev cev. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XV. Nws txhais tau tias "zoo siab" hauv kev txhais lus. Qhov tseeb, nws zoo siab heev, muaj zog thiab muaj suab nrov. Nws yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm tsib kauj ruam thiab dhia. Qhov no yog ib khub pej xeem seev cev uas tau txais koob meej ntawm cov pob aristocratic hauv Ltalis, Fabkis, Askiv, Spain, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees.

Nyob rau xyoo 15-16, lub galliard tau ua fashionable vim nws daim ntawv comic, zoo siab, spontaneous atherosclerosis. Poob muaj koob meej vim evolution thiab transformation mus rau hauv tus qauv prim tsev hais plaub seev cevstyle. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, nws hloov mus rau suab paj nruag tag nrho.

Lub galliard thawj yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov nruab nrab pace, qhov ntev ntawm ib lub 'meter' yog ib qho yooj yim tripartite. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm tom qab, lawv tau ua nrog lub suab zoo. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, complex ntev ntawm lub suab paj nruag meter yog yam ntxwv ntawm lub galliard. Lub npe nrov niaj hnub ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov style no txawv los ntawm ib tug qeeb qeeb thiab calmer tempo. Cov kws sau nkauj uas siv suab paj nruag galliard hauv lawv cov haujlwm: V. Galilei, V. Break, B. Donato, W. Byrd thiab lwm tus.

S altarella kab tshoob lom zem

S altarella (S altarello) yog qhov qub tshaj plaws Italian seev cev. Nws yog ib qho zoo siab thiab zoo nkauj. Nrog rau kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov kauj ruam, dhia, tig thiab hneev. Keeb kwm: Los ntawm Italian salare, "mus dhia". Thawj qhov hais txog hom kev kos duab pej xeem no tau rov qab mus rau xyoo pua 12th. Nws yog Ameslikas kev seev cev nrog suab paj nruag nrog rau hauv ib qho yooj yim ob- lossis peb-tsib meter. Txij li thaum lub xyoo pua 18th, nws tau zoo reborn mus rau hauv ib tug steamy s altarella rau cov suab paj nruag ntawm complex meters. Cov style tau khaws cia rau hnub no.

Nyob rau xyoo pua 19-20, nws hloov mus ua kev seev cev Italian loj heev, uas tau seev cev hauv kev ua koob tsheej. Los ntawm txoj kev, thaum lub sij hawm ntawd lawv feem ntau yog teem caij rau coincide nrog sau. Nyob rau hauv lub XXI - ua nyob rau hauv ib co carnivals. Suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv cov style no tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub compositions ntawm ntau tus sau: F. Mendelssohn, G. Berlioz, A. Castellono, R. Barto, B. Bazurov.

Pavane: graceful solemnity

Pavana yog qhov qub Italian ballroom seev cev uas tau ua tshwj xeeb hauv tsev hais plaub. Lwm lub npe hu ua - padovana (los ntawm lub npe ntawm lub nroog Italian ntawm Padova; los ntawm Latin pava - peacock). Qhov kev seev cev no qeeb, graceful, solemn, ornate. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev txav muaj xws li ib leeg thiab ob kauj ruam, curtseys thiab ncua sij hawm hloov pauv hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov neeg koom tes txheeb ze rau ib leeg. Nws seev cev tsis tau tsuas yog ntawm cov pob, tab sis kuj thaum pib ntawm processions lossis ceremonies.

Tus Italian pavane, tau nkag mus hauv lub tsev hais plaub ntawm lwm lub tebchaws, tau hloov pauv. Nws tau los ua ib hom kev seev cev "dialect". Yog li, Spanish cawv coj mus rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm "pavanilla", thiab Fabkis - mus rau "passamezzo". Lub suab paj nruag, nyob rau hauv uas lub pas tau ua, yog qeeb, ob-sib ntaus. Percussion instruments accentuate lub atherosclerosis thiab lub sij hawm tseem ceeb ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Kev seev cev maj mam tawm ntawm kev zam, khaws cia hauv cov cuab yeej suab paj nruag (P. Attenyan, I. Shein, C. Saint-Saens, M. Ravel).

Tarantella: tus yam ntxwv ntawm Italian temperament

Tarantella yog ib qho kev seev cev Italian pej xeem uas tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no. Nws muaj kev mob siab rau, muaj zog, kev sib tw, zoo siab, tsis nkees. Italian tarantella seev cev yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov neeg hauv zos. Nws muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev dhia (suav nrog rau sab) nrog rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm txhais ceg rau pem hauv ntej thiab rov qab. Nws tau muaj npe tom qab lub nroog Taranto. Tseem muaj lwm version. Nws tau hais tias cov neeg tom los ntawm kab laug sab tarantula tau raug tus kab mob - tarantism. Tus kab mob no zoo ib yam li rabies, los ntawm qhov ntawdsim kho nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm tsis nres ceev txav.

Suab paj nruag yog ua nyob rau hauv ib qho yooj yim peb feem lossis lub sijhawm sib xyaw. Nws nrawm thiab lom zem. Tshwj xeeb nta:

1. Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb (nrog rau cov keyboards) nrog cov khoom ntxiv uas nyob hauv tes ntawm cov neeg seev cev (tambourines thiab castanets).
2. No standard music.
3. Improvisation ntawm suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv ib tug paub atherosclerosis.

Lub suab sib dhos uas muaj nyob hauv kev txav tau siv rau hauv lawv cov lus sau los ntawm F. Schubert, F. Chopin, F. Mendelssohn, P. Tchaikovsky. Tarantella tseem yog ib qho yeeb yuj pej xeem seev cev, cov hauv paus ntawm uas yog mastered los ntawm txhua tus neeg nyiam. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st, lawv tseem ua las voos nyob rau hauv kev lom zem tsev neeg hnub so thiab zoo nkauj tshoob.

Pizzica: Clockwork Dance Showdown

Pizzica yog kev seev cev nrawm Italian tau los ntawm tarantella. Nws tau dhau los ua kev seev cev ntawm Italian lus dab neeg vim qhov pom ntawm nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb. Yog hais tias tarantella feem ntau yog ib qho kev seev cev, ces pizza tau dhau los ua khub tshwj xeeb. Txawm tias ntau groovy thiab nquag, nws tau txais ib co warlike sau ntawv. Cov kev txav ntawm ob tus neeg seev cev zoo ib yam li kev sib tw uas muaj kev sib tw zoo siab sib ntaus.

Ntau zaus nws ua los ntawm cov poj niam nrog ob peb tus txiv neej sib tw. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ua kom muaj zog, tus poj niam hluas tau qhia nws qhov originality, kev ywj pheej, cua daj cua dub feminine, vim li ntawd, tsis kam lees lawv txhua tus. Cavaliers succumbed rau siab, ua qauv qhia lawvqhuas rau ib tug poj niam. Xws li ib tug neeg tshwj xeeb ua cim yog peculiar nkaus xwb rau pizza. Nyob rau hauv qee txoj kev, nws characterizes lub passionate Italian xwm. Tau txais koob meej nyob rau xyoo pua 18th, pizza tsis tau poob rau hnub no. Nws txuas ntxiv mus ua yeeb yam hauv kev ua yeeb yam thiab kev ua koob tsheej, tsev neeg kev ua koob tsheej thiab kev ua yeeb yam thiab kev ua yeeb yam ballet.

Qhov tsos ntawm ib hom kev seev cev tshiab coj mus rau kev tsim cov suab paj nruag uas tsim nyog. Tshwm sim "pizzicato" - ib txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm bowed string instruments, tab sis tsis nrog hneev nws tus kheej, tab sis nrog ntiv tes plucks. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lub suab sib txawv kiag li thiab suab paj nruag tshwm.

Italian seev cev hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb choreography

Keeb kwm yog pej xeem kos duab, nkag mus rau hauv cov chav ua yeeb yam aristocratic, seev cev tau nrov hauv zej zog. Yuav tsum tau systematize thiab concretize pas rau lub hom phiaj ntawm amateur thiab kev cob qhia ua haujlwm. Thawj theoretical choreographers yog Italians: Domenico da Piacenza (XIV-XV), Guglielmo Embreo, Fabrizio Caroso (XVI). Cov haujlwm no, nrog rau kev hwm ntawm kev txav thiab lawv cov stylization, tau ua lub hauv paus rau kev txhim kho thoob ntiaj teb ntawm kev ntaus pob.

Meanwhile, ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb tau seev cev salarella lossis tarantella zoo siab cov neeg nyob deb nroog thiab nroog. Lub temperament ntawm Italians yog passionate thiab cus ciav. Lub sijhawm ntawm Renaissance yog qhov tsis meej thiab majestic. Cov nta no characterizes Italian seev cev. Lawv cov cuab yeej cuab tam yog lub hauv paus rau kev txhim kho kev seev cev hauv ntiaj teb tag nrho. Lawv cov yam ntxwv yog kev xav txog keeb kwm, tus cwj pwm, kev xav thiabpsychology ntawm tag nrho lub teb chaws los ntawm ntau centuries.