2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Txhua lub sijhawm hauv keeb kwm yog sawv cev los ntawm cov qauv loj heev, txawm li cas los xij, nws yog cov qauv tsim ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tseeb tias nws tau mus txog qhov siab tshiab - los ntawm kev nce siab skyscrapers mus rau cov qauv tsim tshiab. Nws pib thaum tig ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th nrog ib qho ntawm thawj cov qauv hu ua niaj hnub, uas ua ke ua haujlwm nrog kev zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, tab sis tsis lees paub cov lus qhuab qhia classical. Nws tau sim ua ke cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev nrog cov qauv ntawm kev lag luam sai sai thiab kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm tib neeg tag nrho.
Feem ntau, lub tsev tsim qauv ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th yog ib qho kev txav chaw uas tau coj los ntawm ntau lub tsev kawm tsim qauv, tiam sis thiab ntau haiv neeg. Ntawm cov npe tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg uas tau los ua kev hloov pauv hauv kev kos duab ntawm architecture thiab ua rau txoj hauv kev rau cov qauv tsim thiab kev tsim kho tshiab yog Le Corbusier, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, W alter Gropius, Frank Lloyd. Wright, Louis Sullivan, Oscar Niemeyer thiab Alvar A alto.
Yog li, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, architecture ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th yog sawv cev los ntawm lub zog hu ua architectural modernism thiab npog lub sij hawm ntawm 1900s mus rau 1970s-1980s (nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe thiab Russia). Nws suav nrog ntau cov lus qhia (functionalism thiab constructivism, kev lim hiam thiab rationalism, organic architecture, Bauhaus thiab Art Deco, thoob ntiaj teb style), tab sis lawv txhua tus muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws.
Architectural modernism nrhiav los tsim lub tsev tsim uas mus dhau cov tswv yim classical thiab tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm qhov chaw, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov qauv yav tom ntej, lawv ib puag ncig. "Daim ntawv ua raws li kev ua haujlwm" (Louis Sullivan cov lus, txhais tau hais tias lub tswv yim tsim yuav tsum tau ua ncaj qha rau ntawm lub hom phiaj ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev khoom). Piv txwv li, Frank Lloyd Wright tau paub txog qhov tseeb tias thaum tsim lub tsev, nws, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, tau coj los ntawm qhov chaw uas lub tsev yuav tsim. Nws hais tias yuav tsum "ua ke nrog lub ntiaj teb", uas yog, ua ib tug.
Architecture ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th thaum ntxov tseem suav nrog cov yam ntxwv sib koom ua ke rau thaj chaw saum toj no - kev siv cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis tshiab tshaj plaws hauv lub tsev (piv txwv li, cov pob zeb ntxiv dag zog) hauv kev tsim kho, tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus zoo nkauj, hauv lwm yam. cov lus, tsis muaj keeb kwm reminiscences nyob rau hauv cov tsos ntawm lub tsev, uas yuav tsum muaj cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim meej.
Architecture ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th nyob rau hauv Russia nrov nyob rau hauv daim ntawvconstructivism, uas vam meej tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau xyoo 1920 thiab 1930s. Constructivism ua ke nrog cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis thiab kev zoo nkauj tshiab nrog kev coj noj coj ua hauv tebchaws thiab cov hom phiaj ntawm lub xeev uas tau tsim. Ib tug ntawm cov founders ntawm lub zog yog Konstantin Melnikov, uas tsim lub npe nrov Melnikov tsev nyob rau hauv Moscow, uas yog lub cim ntawm constructivism thiab lub Soviet avant-garde nyob rau hauv dav dav. Txawm hais tias qhov kev txav mus los tau muab faib ua ntau lub tsev kawm sib tw, ntau lub tsev zoo kawg nkaus tau tsim thaum lub sijhawm nws nyob, kom txog rau thaum nws poob tawm ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm USSR nyob ib ncig ntawm 1932. Tab sis cov teebmeem constructivist kuj tuaj yeem pom nyob rau tom qab Soviet architecture.
Txij li thaum xyoo 1980s, 20th-xyoo pua architecture tau ntsib qee yam teeb meem ntawm cov txheej txheem (kev pabcuam, lub zog, thev naus laus zis), dhau los ua ntau yam kev qhuab qhia nrog kev tshwj xeeb rau txhua tus qauv tsim. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev faib tawm hauv kev tsim vaj tsev ua haujlwm rau hauv tus kws kos duab-tsim thiab tus tsim qauv, uas tau lees tias cov khoom siv yav tom ntej ua tau raws li tag nrho cov qauv tsim nyog, tau tshwm sim nws tus kheej. Tab sis, tau kawg, qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb thiab tseem ceeb tau xav txog hauv kev tsim qauv niaj hnub no yog nws qhov kev ruaj ntseg ib puag ncig.
Pom zoo:
Russian kws sau paj lug ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Creativity ntawm poets ntawm 19th-20th centuries
Lub hnub nyoog kub tau ua raws li lub hnub nyoog nyiaj nrog nws cov tswv yim tshiab thiab ntau yam ntsiab lus. Cov kev hloov pauv tseem cuam tshuam rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th thaum ntxov. Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm koj yuav tau paub nrog modernist tiam sis, lawv cov neeg sawv cev thiab creativity
Lavxias teb sab kws ua yeeb yam ntawm xyoo pua 18th. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws paintings ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th los ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntxias
Pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th yog lub sij hawm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab painting. Iconography ploj mus rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau, thiab cov neeg ua yeeb yam Lavxias ntawm xyoo pua 18th pib ua tus tswv ntau yam. Hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav tham txog cov kws ua yeeb yam nto moo thiab lawv cov haujlwm
Artists of the 20th century. Artists ntawm Russia. Lavxias teb sab artists ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th
Artists of the 20th century is ambiguous and interesting. Lawv cov canvases tseem ua rau tib neeg nug cov lus nug uas tseem tsis tau teb. Lub xyoo dhau los tau muab lub ntiaj teb kos duab ntau yam tsis meej pem. Thiab lawv txhua tus txaus siab rau lawv tus kheej txoj kev
Modernism yog Modernism in art. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm modernism
Modernism yog kev coj ua hauv kev kos duab, tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tawm mus los ntawm keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev muaj tswv yim zoo nkauj mus txog qhov tsis lees paub. Modernism tshwm sim nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, thiab nws cov heyday tuaj thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm modernism tau nrog kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv cov ntawv nyeem, kos duab zoo nkauj thiab architecture
Architect Bazhenov: nthuav qhov tseeb ntawm lub neej. Architecture ntawm Moscow nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th
Vasily Bazhenov yog ib tug ntawm cov neeg paub tsis meej tshaj plaws hauv peb lub tebchaws. Ua ib tug adherent ntawm Lavxias teb sab style, nws tau los ua tus tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab neoclassicism thiab Lavxias teb sab Gothic nyob rau hauv architecture
