Russian sau cov dab neeg. Daim ntawv teev cov kws sau ntawv thiab tej hauj lwm

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Tus sau zaj dab neeg zaj dab neeg yog ib zaj nkauj uas nrov tshaj plaws ntawm peb lub sijhawm. Kev txaus siab rau tej hauj lwm no yog inexhaustible ob leeg ntawm cov me nyuam thiab ntawm lawv niam lawv txiv, thiab Lavxias teb sab kws sau ntawv ntawm fairy tales tau ua ib tug tsim nyog pab rau lub hom phiaj muaj tswv yim ua hauj lwm. Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias ib tug literary fairy taleas txawv los ntawm folklore nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, qhov tseeb hais tias nws muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb sau. Kuj tseem muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm txoj kev xa khoom thiab tus sau txoj haujlwm meej, kev siv cov phiaj xwm thiab cov duab, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm hais tias hom ntawv no muaj cai ua kom tiav kev ywj pheej.

Pushkin's Poetic Tales

Yog tias koj ua ib daim ntawv teev dab neeg los ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv Lavxias, nws yuav siv ntau dua ib daim ntawv. Ntxiv mus, creations tau sau tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv prose, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv nqe. Ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm no yog A. Pushkin, uas thaum xub thawj tsis tau npaj los sau cov me nyuam tej hauj lwm. Tab sis tom qab ib pliag, cov paj huam tsim "Hais txog Tsar S altan", "Hais txog cov pov thawj thiab nws cov neeg ua haujlwm Balda", "Hais txog tus ntxhais huab tais tuag thiab xya tus phab ej", "Hais txog lub pob zeb kub" ntxiv rau cov npe ntawm cov dab neeg ntawm Lavxias teb sab. cov kws sau ntawv. Ib daim ntawv yooj yim thiab piv txwv ntawm kev nthuav qhia, cov duab nco, cov phiaj xwm tiag tiag - tag nrho cov no yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau paj huam zoo. Thiab tej hauj lwm no tseem muaj nyob rau hauv lub txhab nyiaj ntawm me nyuam cov ntaub ntawv.

Lus txuas ntxiv

Lwm yam, tsis muaj lub npe nrov tsawg, tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau cov ntawv sau dab neeg ntawm lub sijhawm xav txog. Lavxias teb sab kws sau ntawv ntawm fairy tales: Zhukovsky ("Kev Tsov Rog ntawm nas thiab Qav"), Ershov ("Tus Me Humpbacked Nees"), Aksakov ("Lub Paj Scarlet") - ua rau lawv tsim nyog pab rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem. Thiab tus sau zoo ntawm cov lus dab neeg thiab txhais lus ntawm Lavxias Lavxias Dal kuj tau sau qee yam ntawm cov dab neeg dab neeg. Ntawm lawv: "Crow", "Girl Snow Maiden", "Hais txog woodpecker" thiab lwm yam. Koj tseem tuaj yeem nco qab lwm zaj dab neeg ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv nto moo Lavxias teb sab: " Cua thiab Lub Hnub", "Ne Dig Muag", "Hmab thiab Tshis" los ntawm Ushinsky, "Tus Hen Dub, lossis Cov Neeg Nyob Hauv av" los ntawm Pogorelsky, "Cov. Traveling Qav", "Cov Dab Neeg ntawm Toad thiab Rose" Garshin, "Tus Tsiaj Av", "Tus Txawj Ntse Gudgeon" los ntawm S altykov-Shchedrin. Tau kawg, qhov no tsis yog daim ntawv teev npe tiav.

Russian writers ntawm fairy tales

Sau cov lus dab neeg dab neeg thiab Leo Tolstoy, thiab Paustovsky, thiab Mamin-Sibiryak, thiab Gorky, thiab ntau lwm tus. Ntawm cov hauj lwm zoo tshaj plaws, ib tus tuaj yeem nco txog "Golden Key" los ntawm Alexei Tolstoy. Txoj haujlwm tau npaj ua qhov rov hais tawm dawb ntawm "Pinocchio" los ntawm Carlo Collodi. Tab sis ntawm no yog rooj plaub thaum qhov kev hloov pauv tau dhau qhov qub - qhov no yog pes tsawg tus neeg hais lus Lavxias tau ntsuas tus kws sau ntawv txoj haujlwm. Tus tub ntoo Pinocchio, paub txog txhua tus txij thaum yau, yeej tau ntevlub siab ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas nyeem ntawv thiab lawv niam lawv txiv nrog lawv tus kheej thiab lub siab tawv. Peb txhua tus nco qab Pinocchio cov phooj ywg: Malvina, Artemon, Pierrot. Thiab nws cov yeeb ncuab: tus phem Karabas thiab lub siab phem Duremar, miv Basilio thiab hma liab Alice. Cov duab tiag tiag ntawm cov cim yog qhov tshwj xeeb thiab qub, pom tau tias thaum koj nyeem Tolstoy txoj haujlwm, koj nco ntsoov lawv mus tas koj lub neej.

Revolutionary tales

Kev tsim ntawm Yuri Olesha "Peb Cov Txiv Neej" tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau lawv nrog kev ntseeg siab. Nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg no, tus sau qhia lub ntsiab ntawm cov chav kawm tawm tsam tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm qhov tseem ceeb nyob mus ib txhis xws li kev phooj ywg, kev sib pab; Cov cim ntawm tus phab ej yog qhov txawv ntawm kev ua siab loj thiab kev hloov pauv hloov pauv. Thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Arkady Gaidar "Malchish-Kibalchish" qhia txog lub sijhawm nyuaj rau kev tsim lub xeev Soviet - kev tsov kev rog. Tus tub yog ib lub cim ci ntsa iab, nco txog lub sijhawm ntawd ntawm kev tawm tsam rau kev hloov pauv lub tswv yim. Nws tsis yog coincidence tias cov duab no tom qab siv los ntawm lwm tus neeg sau ntawv, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm ntawm lub sixties tus me nyuam tus kws sau paj lug Iosif Kurlat, uas nyob rau hauv lub fairy taleas paj huam "Lub Nkauj ntawm Malchish-Kibalchish" revived lub ci duab ntawm lub hero.

Russian zaj dab neeg ntawm Soviet era

Cov kws sau ntawv no suav nrog Evgeny Schwartz, uas tau muab cov ntawv nyeem xws li zaj dab neeg-ua yeeb yam li "Tus Naked King", "Shadow" - raws li Andersen cov haujlwm. Thiab nws thawj creations "Dragon" thiab "Ordinary Miracle" (thaum thawj txwv tsis pub los ntawm productions) mus ib txhis nkag mus rau hauv lub treasury ntawm Soviet cov ntaub ntawv.

rau paj huamIb hom ntawv kuj tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau cov dab neeg ntawm Korney Chukovsky: "Fly-Tsokotuha", "Moydodyr", "Barmaley", "Aibolit", "Cockroach". Txog rau hnub no lawv yog cov ntawv nyeem ntau tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia rau cov menyuam yaus txhua hnub. Qhia thiab daring, siab tawv thiab monstrous dluab thiab cov cim ntawm cov heroes ntawm Chukovsky tej hauj lwm yog recognizable los ntawm thawj kab. Thiab cov paj huam ntawm Marshak, thiab cov hauj lwm zoo siab ntawm Kharms? Thiab Zakhoder, Moritz thiab Kurlat? Nws tsis yooj yim sua kom sau lawv tag nrho hauv kab lus luv luv no.

Ntawm evolution ntawm ib hom ntawv

Nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias zaj dab neeg ntawm zaj dab neeg tau hloov zuj zus los ntawm cov dab neeg, hauv kev nkag siab siv nws cov phiaj xwm thiab cov duab ntawm cov cim. Yog li lub sijhawm tam sim no, ntau tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias ntawm cov lus dab neeg tau hloov zuj zus mus rau cov kws sau ntawv keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb, tau yug los ua haujlwm zoo hauv kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj. Cov kws sau ntawv no, tej zaum, suav nrog Yemets, Gromyko, Lukyanenko, Fry, Oldie thiab ntau lwm tus. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog hloov pauv rau tiam dhau los ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv sau dab neeg.