Poet Jan Rainis: biography, nta ntawm creativity, nthuav tseeb

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Poet Jan Rainis: biography, nta ntawm creativity, nthuav tseeb
Poet Jan Rainis: biography, nta ntawm creativity, nthuav tseeb

Video: Poet Jan Rainis: biography, nta ntawm creativity, nthuav tseeb

Video: Poet Jan Rainis: biography, nta ntawm creativity, nthuav tseeb
Video: Hmoob Paj Lug 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Jan Rainis yog tus kws sau paj huam Latvian nto moo, tus kws sau ntawv zoo, tus kws xav thiab ua nom tswv uas muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev tsim cov kab lis kev cai thiab lub teb chaws tus kheej ntawm cov neeg ntawm nws lub teb chaws thaum tsim kev ywj pheej.

Janis Pliekshans (lub npe ntawm tus kws sau ntawv muab rau nws thaum yug) yug rau lub Cuaj Hlis 11, 1865 hauv Tadenava vaj tsev - lub kaum sab xis tshaj plaws ntawm Latvia, nyob hauv lub xeev Courland.

laj rainis
laj rainis

Lub chaw kab lis kev cai ze tshaj plaws rau thaj av no yog lub nroog ntawm cov khw muag khoom, cov kws ua haujlwm, cov kws ntoo - Dinaburg (Daugavpils). Tus tub kawm saib tej xwm txheej; Ntawm nws thawj qhov kev xav thaum yau, nws nco qab lub caij ntuj sov zoo nkauj, zoo nkauj ntsuab teb, lub pas dej xiav, txoj kev hla hav zoov thiab lub hnub, uas nws lub hwj chim zoo tseem nyob hauv tus sau paj huam. Tus kws sau ntawv yav tom ntej tau qhia txog lub txhab nyiaj ntawm tib neeg lub tswv yim los ntawm nws niam, Darta Plieksane, tus poj niam ntse thiab nquag. Nws hu nkauj ntau heev, thiab Jan Rainis tau tswj hwm cov neeg coob coobnkauj.

Yan txiv yog ib tug txiv neej nplua nuj - ib tug neeg ua liaj ua teb uas tswj hwm nws tus kheej kom ua tiav txoj haujlwm nyiaj txiag ruaj khov thiab muab nws tus menyuam kawm ntawv zoo. Txij thaum yau, tus me nyuam tub tau paub lus Lavxias thiab German, thiab tom qab ntawd kawm Latin thiab Fabkis. Nrog rau kev paub ntau ntxiv nrog cov ntawv sau txog Janis, nws pom tseeb tias tus kws sau paj huam kuj tau paub hauv Lithuanian, Belarusian, Polish thiab Italian.

Gymnasia xyoo

Txij li thaum xyoo 1880, Rainis Jan nkag mus rau Riga City Gymnasium, ces "nibbled" granite ntawm science ntawm St. Petersburg University ntawm Kws Lij Choj ntawm Kev Cai. Raws li Jan, nws tau xaiv txoj haujlwm ntawm tus kws lij choj vim nws xav kom tus kheej nyob hauv nws lub xeev, hloov nws mus rau qhov zoo dua. Lub sijhawm no nws nyeem ntau heev; Cov no yog cov neeg sau ntawv ntawm lub sijhawm qub (Aeschylus, Sophocles, Homer, Herodotus, Plutarch) thiab cov kws sau ntawv niaj hnub no (Shakespeare, Byron, Lermontov, Shelley, Heine, Pushkin). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau koom nrog kev txhais lus ntawm cov haujlwm zoo hauv ntiaj teb classics.

Jan Rainis thaum yau dab neeg ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb: Tsev Neeg lub neej
Jan Rainis thaum yau dab neeg ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb: Tsev Neeg lub neej

Nws yog nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, lub revolutionary txaj, uas tus kws sau paj lug tau cog lus rau cov proletariat thiab pab nws nyiam mus txog rau hnub kawg.

publicistic activity

Tom qab ua tiav nws txoj kev kawm, Jan Rainis, uas nws phau ntawv keeb kwm yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb rau nws cov phooj ywg, tau txais txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb: thawj zaug hauv Vilnius, tom qab ntawd hauv Berlin, Panevezys, Jelgava. Tom qab tiv thaiv nws qhov kev tshaj tawm hauv xyoo 1891, nws tau los ua tus neeg sib tw ntawm txoj cai lij choj, tab sis yooj yim heevhais goodbye rau txoj hauj lwm cog lus ua ib tug kws lij choj.

biography thiab cov phau ntawv ntawm tus sau rainis jan
biography thiab cov phau ntawv ntawm tus sau rainis jan

Tam sim no, Jan Rainis tau mob siab rau kev ua nom ua tswv, nyiam ua haujlwm hauv kev sau ntawv, tau ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua haujlwm editorial ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm Dienas Lapa, uas nyob ze rau kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm nws txoj kev nyiam. Nws yog lub xyoo editorial uas tau los ua lub sijhawm muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws ntawm kev tshaj xov xwm ntawm Jan Rainis. Tus kws sau paj huam tau sau paj huam, tshuaj xyuas, kev tshuaj xyuas nom tswv thiab cov lus tshaj tawm, thiab tau dhau los ua ib tus neeg sau xov xwm zoo tshaj plaws thiab xav tau tshaj plaws hauv nws lub tebchaws.

Nyob rau hauv exile

Tus kws sau paj huam Rainis Jan, uas nws phau ntawv keeb kwm muaj kev txaus siab rau ntau tus neeg nyeem, nquag tawm tsam rau cov tswv yim hloov pauv, uas nws tau raug kaw ntau zaus. Nws thawj zaug mus kaw hauv 1897. Nyob rau hauv 1899, tus kws sau paj lug raug ntiab tawm rau 5 xyoo mus rau lub xeev Vyatka - ib tug ntawm cov chaw ntawm nom tswv exile, paub txog nws qhov kawg swampy swamps thiab impenetrable ntom hav zoov. Nws nyob ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev Lavxias lub nroog uas pom kev ua yeeb yam ntawm sab ntsuj plig, uas Rainis tau luam tawm nws thawj phau ntawv paj huam, Nyob deb Echoes ntawm Blue Yav tsaus ntuj (1903), uas qhia meej txog nws txoj kev kos duab thiab sab ntsuj plig rau yuav luag 20 xyoo.

rainis laj
rainis laj

Tom qab rov qab los tsev, Rainis tau siv ob xyoos muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm nws lub neej. Los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, tus kws sau paj huam tau sib yuav rau tus kws sau paj huam Aspasia, nws muaj hnub nyoog 38 xyoo, thiab nws tau ua haujlwm tag nrho nrog kev sib raug zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo. Jan tau hais ntau yam ntawm kev sib tham thiab rooj sib tham, tau koom nrog hauv Congress ntawm Latvian Cov Xib Fwb, koom tes nrogSocial Democrats, tau mus rau Moscow ua tus sawv cev. Nrog kev zoo siab thiab kev xyiv fab, tus kws sau paj huam tau hnov txog kev hloov pauv ntawm xyoo 1905, uas nws tau koom nrog.

Qhov kev ua tiav tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm no yog zaj yeeb yaj kiab zoo "Hmo ntuj thiab hluav taws" - ua haujlwm zoo ntawm Latvian dramaturgy.

Biography thiab phau ntawv ntawm tus sau

Rainis Jan, ua ke nrog nws tus poj niam, tom qab swb ntawm kev tawm tsam, tau tsiv mus rau Switzerland, qhov chaw nws nyob tau 15 xyoo. Nws yog lub tebchaws no uas tus kws sau paj huam hu ua nws lub tsev thib ob. Ntawm no, xws li tej hauj lwm ntawm tus sau li "Qhov Kawg thiab Pib", "Lub Quiet Book", "Lub Hwj Chim Tshiab", "Cov Neeg Tsis Nco Qab", "Daugava", "Wei, Cua", "Hmo ntuj thiab hluav taws.”, “Joseph thiab nws cov kwv tij”, “Golden Nees”.

paj huam rainis jan biography
paj huam rainis jan biography

Cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab paj huam ntawm Rainis tau dhau los ua cov qauv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Latvian paj huam, uas tau siv los ua cov ntawv thib ob thiab ua raws li German cov ntaub ntawv.

xyoo kawg ntawm lub neej

Ntawm nws rov qab los rau Latvia uas twb muaj kev ywj pheej, qhov chaw uas nws thiab nws tus poj niam tau txais tos los ntawm ntau txhiab tus neeg ua lub teb chaws tus phab ej, Jan Rainis tau sau qhov xwm txheej "Ilya Muromets", tom qab ntawd luam tawm ib phau ntawv paj huam "Dagda's Tsib Sketch Notebooks". Tom qab siv 9 xyoo dhau los ntawm nws lub neej nyob rau hauv Riga, tus kws sau paj lug tau koom tes nyob rau hauv kev nom kev tswv lub neej, raug xaiv los mus rau lub constituent lub rooj sib tham ntawm Latvia, yog ib tug ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv ntawm lub teb chaws txoj cai, thiab txawm koom nyob rau hauv lub nom tswv haiv neeg, uas. nws poob. Los ntawm 1921 txog 1925 nws ua haujlwm ua tus thawj coj ntawm Art Theatre. Ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov hauj lwm theem tau staged los ntawm National Theatre thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Rainis. Los ntawm 1926 mus rau1928 Jan Rainis tau ua tus Minister of Education, thiab xyoo 1925 nws tau txais lub teb chaws qhov khoom plig siab tshaj plaws - Order of the Three Stars, 1st class.

Lub neej ntawm tus kws sau paj huam Latvian tau xaus rau hauv Jurmala thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 12, 1929. Jan Rainis tawm sai sai, tawm hauv ntau tshaj li ib puas qhov ua tsis tiav hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Lub ntiaj teb nto moo kws sau ntawv raug faus rau ntawm New Cemetery, uas tom qab tau txais nws lub npe. Xyoo 1943, nws tus poj niam Aspasia raug faus ze ntawm lub Ib Hlis.

Cov yeeb yam ntawm Jan Rainis tau ua tsis yog hauv Latvian theatre xwb, tab sis thoob plaws ntiaj teb, thiab nws cov paj huam, luam tawm hauv cov lus txhais tshiab, tau txais ntau lab tus neeg nyeem.

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