Makovsky's paintings: piav qhia, duab
Makovsky's paintings: piav qhia, duab

Video: Makovsky's paintings: piav qhia, duab

Video: Makovsky's paintings: piav qhia, duab
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Anonim

Cov kws ua yeeb yam uas yog cov tswv cuab ntawm Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Yeeb Yam - "Wanderers" - tau tso lub cim ci ntsa iab rau cov duab kos duab Lavxias hauv peb lub xyoo pua 19th. Qhov no yog ib qho tshwm sim ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm ntawm kos duab, vim hais tias nws lub ntsiab feature yog inseparable kev sib nrig sib cuam tshuam ntawm lub artistic thiab social life of the country.

Makovsky paintings
Makovsky paintings

Vladimir Yegorovich Makovsky tau koom nrog pawg ntawm Wanderers hauv 1972, ob xyoos tom qab nws tsim, thiab yog ib tus tswv cuab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Makovsky's paintings nyiam kev saib xyuas zoo thoob plaws hauv lub hnub ci ntsa iab ntawm qhov kev kos duab no.

Biography

Nws yog ib tug ntawm peb tus tub Yegor Ivanovich Makovsky - ib tug zoo heev artist ntawm Moscow, ib tug sau, ib tug ntawm cov founders ntawm lub npe nrov Moscow Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm painting, duab puab thiab Architecture. Ob tus kwv tij - Konstantin thiab Nikolai - nrog rau tus muam Alexandra tau ua yeeb yam, thiab lwm tus muam, Maria, tau los ua tus hu nkauj. Raws li ib tug me nyuam, ib tug ntawm Vladimir cov xib fwb yog tus naas ej VasilyTropinin.

thawj daim duab los ntawm Makovsky, pib nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab "Ib Tug Tub Muag Kvass" (1861), sau thaum muaj hnub nyoog 15, qhia nws lub peev xwm zoo ob qho tib si hauv kev saib xyuas cov xwm txheej hauv nws lub neej, thiab hloov pauv. lawv mus rau lub canvas. Nyob rau hauv 1861, nws nkag mus rau hauv lub MUZhVZ - lub tsev kawm ntawv, ib tug ntawm cov founders ntawm uas yog nws txiv. Nws kawm tiav nrog ib tug puav pheej nyiaj rau nws painting Literary Reading (1865).

Ntau tus duab ntawm Makovsky tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb hauv nws txoj kev tsim kho thiab kev ua haujlwm. Rau lub canvas "Cov Tub Hluas Saib Xyuas Nees" (1869), nws tau txais lub npe ntawm "chav kawm artist ntawm thawj degree", thiab rau "Lovers of nightingales" (1973) nws tau nce mus rau kev kawm ntawm painting.

Kev qhuab qhia ua haujlwm tau nyob ntau lub sijhawm hauv tus tswv lub neej. Rau 12 xyoo nws qhia ntawm MUZHVZ - los ntawm 1882 txog 1894, thiab rau 24 xyoo tom ntej - ntawm St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, tau los ua nyob rau hauv 1895 tus rector ntawm Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab Arts ntawm Academy of Arts.

Tus kws ua yeeb yam nto moo tuag thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1920 hauv Petrograd.

Nyiaj Game (1870)

Tus kws kos duab tau sib yuav thaum ntxov, thiab xyoo 1869 nws thawj tus tub yug los, uas tom qab ntawd los ua tus kws kos duab - Alexander Makovsky. Vladimir Yegorovich, uas nws paintings twb muaj ib tug sib txawv ib hom ntawv nyeem, txij li thaum nws tau them ntau xim rau cov me nyuam lub ntsiab. Ntawm cov canvases ntawm nws, painting stands, uas tau los ua thawj ib tug yuav los ntawm tus naas ej collector Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov. Qhov no tau los ua rau Makovsky lub cim ntawm nws qhov kawg kev lees paub tias yog tus neeg pleev kob.

Makovsky Vladimir Egorovich paintings
Makovsky Vladimir Egorovich paintings

Cov menyuam yaus ua si ua si yooj yim tshaj plaws rau lawv. Nws siv cov pog - cov pob txha me los ntawm cov pob txha ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg - nyuj lossis npua. Qhov no yog kev sib tw hauv qhov tseeb: cov pob txha uas raug ntaus los ntawm lub pob tshwj xeeb cue (headstock hnyav nrog cov hlau lead) dhau los ua tus neeg ua si prey.

…Tam sim no qhov tseem ceeb rau lawv yog kev ua si, uas lawv muab rau lawv tus kheej nrog tag nrho lawv lub siab nyiam. Ib tug, zaum, concentratedly suav cov prey, lwm tus yog attively tos rau tom ntej no pov. Makovsky, uas nws paintings yog meticulous nyob rau hauv txhua txhua hnub cov ntsiab lus, kuj muaj tseeb nyob rau hauv puas siab puas ntsws nuances. Txhua tus players muaj lawv tus kheej temperament, lawv tus cwj pwm. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog kev lom zem me me thiab kev cia siab, tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj txawm tias los ntawm kev txom nyem ntawm cov khaub ncaws thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov tsev nyob ib puag ncig.

Cov duab thaum ntxov los ntawm Makovsky yog qhov txawv los ntawm kev piav qhia ntau dhau ntawm cov ntsiab lus, qee zaum cuam tshuam nrog kev nkag siab zoo. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, tus kws kos duab txhuam tau txais kev ywj pheej ntau dua, thiab cov palette yuav ua tau zoo dua, uas yuav tso cai rau zam qee qhov sib txawv, qhov tseeb, tshwj xeeb, hauv daim duab peb tau tshuaj xyuas.

Nkauj Hmo Ntuj Hlub (1873)

Cov canvas no sawv cev rau Lavxias teb sab painting ntawm lub ntiaj teb Exhibition nyob rau hauv Vienna, qhov chaw uas nws tau txais zoo heev los ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib.

Ntawm lub qhov rais muaj ib tug nightingale trill, thiab peb peasants mloog, cuam tshuam lawv lub noj mov yooj yim. Ib tug, sawv, khov, saib tawm ntawm lub qhov rais, sim saib rau ib tug me me noog. Qhov thib ob, pom tseeb tias haus cawv ntau dua li nws cov phooj ywg, suav tawm cov dej ntws ntawm nightingale zaj nkauj nrog nthwv dej ntawm nws xibtes. Qhov thib peb, feem ntau hwm, mloog, xav pinching nws hwj txwv. Txhua yam nyob ntawm nontawm lub neej thiab suab: lub teeb los ntawm lub qhov rais, poses thiab gestures ntawm cov cim, lub lauj kaub-bellied kub samovar, ib tug yooj yim tab sis "siv" tseem lub neej pleev xim rau.

Makovsky paintings
Makovsky paintings

Muaj kev tshuaj xyuas zoo ntawm cov duab no los ntawm Dostoevsky tus poj niam, uas tau qhuas txog qhov zoo thiab kev saib xyuas rau cov txiv neej uas tuaj ntawm daim duab, uas tsis yog tsuas yog Lavxias, tab sis kuj yog thoob ntiaj teb.

"Cawm Seej" (1879)

Maj mam, tus kws kos duab cov phiaj xwm poob qhov kev lom zem uas tshwm sim hauv cov duab thaum ntxov thiab tus cwj pwm tsis zoo rau cov cim. Cov canvases tau txais kev ua yeeb yam thiab tsis meej pem. Cov no yog ob peb versions ntawm daim duab depicting raznochintsy uas tau pib nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntawm revolutionary tawm tsam, thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm xws li cov neeg sawv cev ntawm txawv strata ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg.

paintings nyob rau hauv e Makovsky
paintings nyob rau hauv e Makovsky

Ib tug tub rog caij tsheb coj tus tub hluas tawm ntawm lub tsev hais plaub. Ntawm qhov kev tawm mus, nws cov txheeb ze tseem tos nws, suav nrog nws niam, leej txiv, tus ntxhais hluas thiab tus txiv neej laus. Thaj, lub cim tseem ceeb yog los ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb lossis cov neeg pluag hauv nroog. Nws tus fiancee thiab nws txiv nyob rau hauv ib chav kawm vam meej. Tus kws kos duab tsis qhia pom kev ua siab zoo rau tus neeg raug txim, tsis muaj kev khuv leej rau nws thiab cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig nws. Nws coj cov neeg uas nws hlub ib tug kev txom nyem - leej niam tuav nws txhais tes thov, ntuas nws tus tub, leej txiv quaj inconsolably.

Yog, thiab tus kiv puag ncig nws tus kheej tsis zoo li tus neeg ua phem rau tus neeg raug tsim txom. Hauv nws ob lub qhov muag - poob thiab tsis muaj kev ntseeg hauv nws txoj cai. Makovsky, uas nws paintings yog ib tug tiag tiag xav txog ntawm lub mus ob peb vas nyob rau hauv lub zej zog, qhia tau hais tias ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv tus cwj pwm ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm combating cov uas twb muaj lawm.cov tshuab siv los ntawm cov tog neeg radical thiab txav xws li Narodnaya Volya.

"Hnub" (1883)

Cov menyuam yaus yog lub ncauj lus uas Makovsky feem ntau ua haujlwm rau. Vladimir Yegorovich, uas nws paintings thaum xub thawj tsuas yog ib tug xav txog ntawm tus me nyuam spontaneity, qhuas qhov pib ntawm lub neej tshiab, tom qab ntawd hais txog txawv, feem ntau ua yeeb yam ntawm cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv Russia lub sij hawm ntawd.

Nyob hauv tsev neeg txom nyem, nws yog kev cai muab menyuam "rau cov neeg." Tus me nyuam feem ntau dhau los ua ib tug tub qhe uas tsis muaj kev ywj pheej lossis cov tub ntxhais kawm, ua haujlwm ntau dhau. Tau txais los ntawm tus tswv tsuas yog kev noj qab haus huv nyuaj thiab tsis muaj chaw nyob, cov menyuam yaus tsis ua lub nra rau tsev neeg, poob tsev neeg kev nplij siab thiab loj hlob ntxov. Txoj kev no yog ib qho tshwj xeeb thiab paub txog cov tsev neeg ua liaj ua teb uas tau muab tus tub mus ua haujlwm hauv nroog.

paintings ntawm Vladimir Makovsky
paintings ntawm Vladimir Makovsky

Nws yog hais txog cov me nyuam txoj hmoo uas Makovsky piav qhia. Cov lus piav qhia ntawm daim duab tuaj yeem siv ntau nplooj ntawv, txawm hais tias tsuas muaj ob lub cim ntawm daim ntaub. Tus poj niam ua liaj ua teb tau mus ntev nrog ib pob me me thiab ib tug pas ntawm nws txhais tes. Nws coj ib tug kalach rau nws tus tub kom nws tus me nyuam txaus siab. Tus poj niam zoo li kev hlub ntawm tus tub tsis tau hnav, hnav lub tsho qias neeg - pom tseeb, nws ua haujlwm hauv qee qhov kev cob qhia thiab tau txais ob peb feeb dawb mus ntsib nws niam.

Tus kws kos duab cov duab kos duab kuj tau hloov pauv - tsis muaj cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws thiab ua tib zoo sau cov ntsiab lus uas cuam tshuam cov xim thiab tsoo cov duab. Cov xim tsaus nti ua rau tsis muaj kev xyiv fab los ntawm lub rooj sib tham luv luv, tab sis los ua kom pom qhov hnyav ntawm kev ploj thaum menyuam yaus.

Nyob rau ntawm Boulevard (1886)

Makovsky feem ntau hais tias tus kws kos duab tsuas muaj ob peb feeb ntawm nws qhov kev pov tseg, thaum lub sijhawm nws yuav tsum muaj sijhawm los qhia tias tus kws sau ntawv tuaj yeem siv ntau nplooj ntawv. Xyoo 1880s, tus tswv tau ua tiav qhov kev txawj ntse tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim cov dab neeg luv luv. Ib qho ntawm cov ncov no, ob qho tib si ntawm kev kos duab kev txawj ntse thiab cov ntsiab lus, yog lub canvas "Nyob rau ntawm Boulevard". Lub sijhawm no, cov duab ntawm V. E. Makovsky tsuas muaj ob lub cim xwb, tab sis lawv txaus rau kev soj ntsuam tob ntawm cov teeb meem kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov nplai loj.

Ua ntej peb yog ib zaj dab neeg me me hais txog kev ua txhaum loj hauv lub neej ntawm ib tsev neeg hluas. Zoo li lawv tuaj ntawm ib lub zos uas lawv tab tom npaj mus nyob, zoo li lawv niam lawv txiv, nyob rau hauv ib txwm ua hauj lwm thiab kev xyiv fab ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb txoj kev ntawm lub neej. Tab sis tus txiv raug rub mus rau hauv nroog, ua haujlwm, mus rau lub neej tshiab, "zoo nkauj" thiab nthuav dav. Thiab tom qab ib pliag, tus poj niam tuaj xyuas nws tus txiv. Nimno lawv yog neeg txawv tebchaws. Nws tswj kom nqus tau cov ntsuj plig hauv nroog - nws ua tib zoo saib xyuas nws lub ntsej muag, hauv nws txhais tes yog accordion me me - nws pom tseeb tias nws nyiam tshaj plaws hauv lub neej hauv nroog.

Makovsky piav qhia ntawm painting
Makovsky piav qhia ntawm painting

Tus ntxhais tseem hluas heev, tab sis nws twb nkag siab tias yuav tos nws yav tom ntej, qhov twg nws pom qhov tsis muaj kev cia siab. Los ntawm daim duab no ntawm Vladimir Makovsky, ib tug muaj peev xwm hnov txog kev ntxhov siab, nws yog ib qho kev xav ntawm tus kheej ua yeeb yam ntawm ob tug me nyuam yaus, thiab qhia txog cov teeb meem ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub neej, uas tau hloov zuj zus mus. centuries, thiab tam sim no raug rhuav tshem raws li cov chaw lag luam tsim.

Leej twg

YVladimir Egorovichtxawv los ntawm kev mob siab rau thiab muaj tswv yim fertility. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm nws ntau xyoo ntawm kev ua hauj lwm tau dhau los ua ib tug tiag tiag encyclopedia ntawm feem ntau phenomena ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev muaj tiag nyob rau hauv lub lem ntawm ob centuries. Nws hais txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntau qhov ntsuas - los ntawm cov xwm txheej hauv tsev mus rau kev ua nom ua tswv loj - thiab ua rau lawv muaj kev txawj ntse tiag tiag.

Keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab kos duab nco ntsoov tias thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej, V. E. Makovsky tau los ua ib tus neeg txhawb nqa ntawm kev saib xyuas ntau dua ntawm kev tsim cov duab, muaj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo rau kev tshawb nrhiav cov ntsiab lus tshiab thiab kev qhia. Tab sis qhov ntsuas ntawm daim duab no nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kos duab zoo tsis ua me me vim qhov no.

Pom zoo: