2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Tus kws sau paj huam ntawm txoj hmoo phem Alexei Kruchenykh tau ua neej nyob ntev, tab sis qhov no yog qhov ua yeeb yam hais txog qhov tseeb. Rau ntau tshaj 30 xyoo nws raug yuam kom ua lub neej ntxub cov neeg nyob hauv. Lub sijhawm ci ntsa iab ntawm nws lub neej luv luv, tab sis ci ntsa iab, ci ntsa iab los ntawm cov neeg ntse.
tsev neeg thiab menyuam yaus
Aleksey Kruchenykh yug Lub Ob Hlis 21, 1886 hauv lub zos Oliva, Kherson xeev, hauv tsev neeg yooj yim. Nws txiv los ntawm ib puag ncig neeg ua liaj ua teb, thaum xub thawj yog tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm thaj av, thiab txog thaum muaj hnub nyoog 8 xyoo yav tom ntej futurist nyob hauv ib lub zos me me nrog 30 lub tsev, thiab tom qab ntawd nws txiv txiav txim siab muag lub tsev hauv lub zos thiab ua tus tsav tsheb tavxij hauv Kherson, yog li Alexei siv nws thaum yau hauv lub nroog no. Ntawm no Kruchenykh kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv peb chav kawm thiab nyob rau hauv 1902 nkag mus rau lub Odessa Art School. Yog li ntawd tas tus tub hluas txoj kev thaj yeeb thaum yau. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm qhov chaw kawm tau muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm nws tus tij laug, uas muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ua tus neeg pleev kob.
Rebel Youth
Lub Tsev Kawm Odessa nyob rau hnub ntawd yog lub tsev kawm txuj ci zoo tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Lavxias. Aleksey Kruchenykh tuaj txog qhov ntawd nrog kev cia siab tsis meej rau qee yam ci thiab ci ntsa iab, tab sis tau ntsib nrog kev mob siab rauua hauj lwm, qhia lub hauv paus ntawm kev kos duab thiab kev sib xyaw. Lub tsev kawm ntawv qhia realism, thiab nyob rau hauv no style Kruchenykh sau nws thawj tej hauj lwm, uas yog txawv los ntawm lawv resemblance rau xwm thiab ua tim khawv rau lub xub ntiag ntawm artistic txuj ci, tab sis novice sau tsis tau raug ntes los ntawm cov hauj lwm no. Lub sijhawm ntawd, lub neej muaj cua daj cua dub tau tshwm sim hauv Odessa: ntau yam kev lom zem, kev ua yeeb yam thiab ntau yam kev ua nom ua tswv, tag nrho cov no tau ntxim nyiam Alexei. Nws tau koom nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Marxist lub voj voog thiab txawm tias ib zaug raug ntes vim muaj cov ntaub ntawv txwv tsis pub, tib lub sijhawm Kruchenykh ntsib David Burliuk, tus tsim yav tom ntej ntawm Lavxias teb sab futurism.
thawj hu
Xyoo 1907, Kruchenykh Alexei tau txais daim ntawv kawm tiav qib siab hauv tsev kawm qib siab thiab mus rau Kherson los ua tus kws qhia kos duab. Tab sis nws npau suav los ua ib tug neeg ua yeeb yam ywj pheej, yog li nws tau mus ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua thiab tib lub xyoo nws tau thov nkag mus rau Moscow Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Kev Ua Yeeb Yam. Thiab, txawm tias qhov tseeb tias nws tsis raug lees txais hauv tsev kawm ntawv, thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1907 nws tau mus rau Moscow nrog lub siab xav ua tus kws kos duab.
Hauv Moscow, nws ua rau ntau tus neeg paub hauv ib puag ncig kev ua yeeb yam, pib ua haujlwm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm "Tseeb Clock" thiab "Spring", hauv "Moskovskaya Gazeta" ua tus kos duab thiab kos duab. Nws tau los ua tus neeg ua yeeb yam nto moo thiab txawm tsim cov haujlwm "Tag nrho Moscow hauv cartoons" commissioned los ntawm lub tsev tshaj tawm loj. Nws ua tau zoo heev rau kev muaj tswv yim, kov yeej nws lub tsev kawm ntawv, tau txais nws tus kheej style, tab sis nws txoj kev npau suav yog kawm ntawv nyeem. Kruchenykh koom nrog hauv lub sijhawmexhibition ntawm Art Society of Moscow Artists, nyob rau hauv lub exhibition "Impressionists". Nws nkag mus rau hauv lub voj voog ntawm Lavxias teb sab avant-garde, ntsib Elena Guro, Mikhail Matyushin, Vasily Kamensky.
Ntxhais kawm ntawv
Kruchenykh Aleksey Eliseevich pib nws txoj hauv kev rau cov ntawv nyeem nrog cov lus tseem ceeb, tshuaj xyuas, paj huam satirical. Nws xav tias cov ntaub ntawv yog nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub neej. Xyoo 1912, nws tau ntsib Vladimir Mayakovsky thiab Velimir Khlebnikov, uas tau pab thaum kawg ua lub ntiaj teb kev pom ntawm Kruchenykh, uas pom nws tus kheej ua tus tsim paj huam tshiab. Nws sau cov dab neeg thiab kev tshuaj xyuas uas txawv heev ntawm cov qauv ntawm ib puag ncig cov ntaub ntawv muaj tseeb, uas nws sim nthuav tawm cov tswv yim tshaj tawm txog lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm tib neeg thiab kos duab.
Aleksey Kruchenykh thiab Lavxias avant-garde
Aleksey Kruchenykh, uas nws phau ntawv keeb kwm tau cuam tshuam nrog avant-garde qauv hauv kev kos duab txij li xyoo 1910, tau dhau los ua tus neeg koom nrog ntau yam xwm txheej zoo hauv kev ua yeeb yam hauv Moscow. Nyob rau hauv 1911, nws tau ntsib Benedikt Livshits, uas, ua ke nrog cov kwv tij Burliuk thiab Alexei Kruchenykh, tom qab ntawd yuav revive lub futuristic haiv neeg Budetlyane. Lub sijhawm no, avant-gardism tau loj hlob sai hauv ntiaj teb, ntau lub voj voog thiab pab pawg tshwm sim uas hu rau kev tsim cov duab tshiab.
Aleksey nyiam tag nrho cov tswv yim no heev, nws koom tes nrog ntau pab pawg ib zaug thiab koom nrog kev tshaj tawm ob peb lub futurist almanacs: "Lub Vaj ntawm Cov Neeg Txiav Txim", "Peb", "Tuag Moon", "Slap in the Lub ntsej muag ntawm pej xeem saj". Kruchenykh kuj tsimnws tus kheej cov phau ntawv nrog cov lus theoretical thiab paj huam, thiab nws tshwm ntawm no nyob rau hauv ob guises: tsis tsuas yog ib tug kws sau ntawv thiab theorist, tab sis kuj raws li ib tug graphic designer. Xyoo 1912 muaj kev nplua nuj nyob hauv kev ua yeeb yam, Kruchenykh koom nrog D. Burliuk pawg "Gilea", koom tes nrog "Jack of Diamonds", koom nrog kev tsis sib haum xeeb thiab pej xeem cov xwm txheej.
paj huam
Hauv xyoo 1912, Alexei Kruchenykh, uas yog paj huam los ua ntej, pib ua haujlwm nrog Velimir Khlebnikov. Los ntawm lub sijhawm no, ob tus kws sau paj huam tau koom nrog kev tsim cov paj huam hauv lawv cov lus "tus kheej", ob leeg xav hloov kho paj huam, tshem tawm ntawm kev kawm dhuav. Kruchenykh coj Khlebnikov los qhia qhov pib ntawm nws zaj paj huam, thiab nws pib nyeem ntawv, mam li nco dheev pib ua kom tiav cov sequel. Yog li ntawd, lawv cov paj huam "Game in Hell" tau yug los. Tom qab ntawd lawv yuav sau libretto rau lub futuristic opera "Kev yeej dhau lub hnub" ua ke.
Qhov no yog qhov pib ntawm Kruchenykh cov kev ua ub no hauv kev ua paj huam avant-garde, nws luam tawm nws phau ntawv paj huam "Kev Hlub Laus", uas nws txuas ntxiv txhim kho kev coj noj coj ua ntawm primitivist. Phau ntawv, zoo li cov paj huam, tau piav qhia los ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam Lavxias teb sab avant-garde M. Larionov thiab N. Goncharova thiab yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov lus thiab cov duab. Kruchenykh pib thwmsim hauv kev tsim cov paj huam tsis txaus ntseeg, qhia txog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "lub ntiaj teb kawg", uas tom qab ntawd tau siv los ntawm Khlebnikov thiab Kruchenykh nrog tib lub npe.
In 1913-14 Kruchenykhsim nrog ib tug tshiab style - kev nyeem ntawv absurdity, nws pib sau paj huam nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm nws tus kheej invention. Cov hauj lwm tshiab tau suav nrog hauv kev sau "Lipstick". Cov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog cov ntawv nyeem:
lub bul schyl
ubeshchur
skoom
r l ez..
Raws li A. Kruchenykh, muaj ntau lub tebchaws Lavxias hauv nws dua li hauv txhua zaj paj huam ntawm A. Pushkin. Tus kws sau paj huam txuas ntxiv nws qhov kev sim sau ntawv mus txog xyoo 1930, thaum sau nws cov paj huam "Ironiad" tau luam tawm.
xyoo tsis muaj paj huam
Txij li xyoo 1930, Kruchenykh Alexei Eliseevich, uas nws cov duab feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov ntawv sau ntawm avant-garde, pib txav deb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Nws cov comrades-in-arms tau tawm ntawm nws: Mayakovsky thiab Khlebnikov tau tuag, cov kwv tij Burliuk, zoo li ntau lwm tus neeg futurists thiab cov kws txawj ntse thiab cov kws sau paj huam, tau tawm hauv lub tebchaws.
Txij li xyoo 1934, txoj haujlwm ntawm Kruchenykh tsis tau luam tawm ntxiv lawm, thiab tom qab ntawd nws raug txwv tsis pub nkag mus rau Cov Neeg Sau Ntawv. Nws koom nrog ob txhais tes thiab antiquarian kev ua ub no, npaj rau kev tshaj tawm cov phau ntawv ntawm nws cov neeg koom tes, tshwj xeeb yog Mayakovsky thiab Khlebnikov. Thaum Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II, Alexei ua haujlwm rau Okna TASS xov xwm. Thaum nws lub neej, Kruchenykh sau ib lub tsev qiv ntawv tshwj xeeb. Tsoomfwv Soviet tsis pub tus kws sau paj huam ua haujlwm, nws raug cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam nyiaj tau los. Thiab tsuas yog 2 xyoo ua ntej nws tuag, nws tsuas muaj tswv yim hmo ntuj tshwm sim. Lub Rau Hli 17, 1968 Alexei Eliseevich Kruchenykh tuag.
Pom zoo:
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm paj huam hauv lub neej ntawm tus kws sau ntawv. Poets hais txog paj huam thiab quotes txog paj huam
Dab tsi yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm paj huam hauv txoj hmoo thiab lub neej ntawm cov kws sau paj huam? Paj huam txhais li cas rau lawv? Lawv sau dab tsi thiab xav txog nws? Puas yog nws ua haujlwm lossis kos duab rau lawv? Puas nyuaj ua ib tug kws sau paj lug, thiab txhais li cas los ua ib tug kws sau paj huam? Koj yuav pom cov lus teb rau tag nrho cov lus nug no hauv kab lus. Thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, cov lus teb rau tag nrho cov lus nug no yuav muab rau koj los ntawm cov kws sau paj huam lawv tus kheej hauv lawv cov haujlwm
"Tus kws sau paj huam tuag" Lermontov nqe lus "Tus kws sau paj huam tuag". Lermontov muab rau leej twg "Kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau paj huam"?
Thaum xyoo 1837, tau kawm txog kev tuag ntawm kev tuag, lub qhov txhab tuag, thiab tom qab ntawd kev tuag ntawm Pushkin, Lermontov tau sau cov kev quaj ntsuag "Tus kws sau paj huam tuag …", nws nws tus kheej twb muaj npe nrov hauv kev sau ntawv. Muaj tswv yim biography Mikhail Yurievich pib thaum ntxov, nws cov paj huam romantic hnub rov qab mus rau 1828-1829
Paj huam yav tsaus ntuj. Cov paj huam ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam
Tus nqi paj huam yog ib qho nyuaj rau overestimate. Nws tsis tuag txawm tias nws tsis raug tso cai los tsim kho, txwv tsis pub, raug tsim txom, thaum tus kws sau paj huam nrhiav tsis tau ib qho chaw hauv nws Leej Txiv. Thaum cov neeg tsim tawm mus, nws tseem nyob thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub siab ntawm cov neeg nyeem cov kab lus poetic. Tej hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam yog ib tug tiag tiag kev nplij siab rau tus ntsuj plig
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Lermontov. Lermontov cov paj huam hais txog paj huam
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam hauv Lermontov txoj haujlwm yog ib qho ntawm lub hauv paus. Mikhail Yuryevich mob siab rau ntau yam haujlwm rau nws. Tab sis peb yuav tsum pib nrog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv lub ntiaj teb tus kws sau paj huam - kev kho siab. Nws muaj tus cwj pwm universal. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov no yog tus xaiv ntawm Lermontov tus hero, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, nws foom phem. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam qhia txog kev sib tham ntawm tus tsim thiab nws cov neeg nyeem
Tshaj tawm zaj paj huam "Tus kws sau paj huam thiab neeg pej xeem". Analysis ntawm Nekrasov paj huam "Tus kws sau paj lug thiab cov pej xeem"
Kev tsom xam ntawm zaj paj huam "Tus kws sau paj huam thiab neeg pej xeem", zoo li lwm yam hauj lwm ntawm kev kos duab, yuav tsum pib nrog kev kawm txog keeb kwm ntawm nws cov creation, nrog rau cov teeb meem kev nom kev tswv uas tab tom loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd, thiab cov ntaub ntawv biographical ntawm tus sau, yog tias lawv yog ob qho tib si muaj feem xyuam rau txoj haujlwm