Stroganov tsev kawm ntawv: nta, nto moo tej hauj lwm thiab tus yam ntxwv style

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Tsis ntev los no, cov kws sau keeb kwm kos duab tau pib ua tib zoo saib txog keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab painting ntawm 16th-17th centuries, uas tau sawv cev nyob rau hauv cov hnub feem ntau yog icon painting. Qhov no yog ib qho nthuav heev thiab me me-kawm txheej ntawm kab lis kev cai, nyob rau hauv qhov tob uas muaj ntau cov duab niaj hnub tau tsim. Nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub 16th-17th centuries muaj ib tug heev ob peb icon-painting Rhiav, uas, koom siab, tsim tshwj xeeb tiam sis thiab tsev kawm ntawv ntawm kev kos duab. Cov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog Godunov thiab Stroganov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab icon painting. Tsis yog txhua yam ntawm lawv tej hauj lwm tau muaj sia nyob mus rau tam sim no. Lub npe ntawm cov tswv ntawm cov xyoo uas paub rau peb tam sim no yog dab tsi? Dab tsi ua haujlwm tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no thiab dab tsi yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv hauv Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai?

Old Russian painting

Nyob rau hauv Russia thaum ub, muaj xws li paintings monumental painting, icon painting thiab me me. Iconography tau txais kev txhim kho loj tshaj plaws. Cov cim tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hnub rov qab mus rau xyoo pua 11th; hais txog kev ua yeeb yam, lawv tau nyob ze rau Byzantine sawv daws. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauvFeem ntau lub xub pwg iconographic sau tau sau (lub sijhawm Komnenos). Tab sis maj mam qhov kev taw qhia no tau hloov los ntawm lub teb chaws txoj hauv kev. Lub sijhawm no, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov xim ci nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab icons pib. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th, tus naas ej Byzantine Theophanes Greek pib tsim nyob rau hauv Russia, uas nws ua hauj lwm ua ib tug loj pab rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab icon painting thiab painting. Nws tau qhia lub tswv yim ntawm kev ntseeg siab rau cov cim rau hauv kev kos duab, nyob rau hauv nws cov frescoes muaj ntau lub flashes ntawm cov xim ntog rau ntawm lub ntsej muag, zoo li tus neeg lub teeb los saum ntuj los. Hauv nws txoj haujlwm, 2 lub sijhawm tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv - kev qhia "Novgorod" thiab softer "Moscow". Lwm qhov kev tshawb pom nyob rau hauv lub icon painting lag luam ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th yog tus tswv Dionysius, nws cov txheej txheem kos duab tau txawv los ntawm kev ua koob tsheej tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, lub ntsiab vectors rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm painting txawj ntse tau sawv cev los ntawm ob lub tsev kawm ntawv - lub Godunov thiab Stroganov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab icon painting.

Tsev Kawm Ntawv Godunov

Ib txhia tej hauj lwm ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th tau commissioned los ntawm Tsar Boris Godunov, los ntawm lub npe no tuaj lub npe ntawm ib tug icon painting tiam sis. Nws cov neeg sawv cev, ua raws li lub qub canon, rov kho cov kev cai ntawm Dionysian sau.

Kawm yam ntxwv ntawm tsev kawm:

• nrhiav cov duab canonized ncaj qha ntawm ib sab ntawm cov duab ntawm cov xwm txheej nyob;
• nthuav tawm nrog ntau tus tib neeg cov duab, sim ua kom pom cov neeg coob coob ua ib pab pawg;
• siv ib txhij ntawm cinnabar liab, ntsuab thiab ocher tones;
• xav qhiaobjective materiality.

Cov haujlwm nto moo ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv no yog cov duab kos ntawm Faceted Chamber ntawm Moscow Kremlin.

Merchants Stroganovs - tus tsim ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv

Ib tus neeg sawv cev nto moo thiab nplua nuj ntawm Veliky Novgorod - Fyodor Stroganov - xyoo 1475 tau tsiv mus rau Solvychegodsk. Nws tus tub yog tus tsim ntawm thaj av Perm, ntsev mines, monasteries. Thiab twb yog nws cov xeeb ntxwv - Maxim thiab Nikita Stroganov tau los ua cov neeg lag luam ntsev tshaj plaws uas tau qhuas lub npe no. Lawv ob leeg hlub icon painting thiab tau koom rau hauv no kos duab lawv tus kheej. Tab sis feem ntau cov cim tau ua los ntawm lawv qhov kev txiav txim los ntawm Solvychegodsk craftsmen, nrog rau Moscow cov kws ua yeeb yam uas ua haujlwm hauv kev cob qhia vaj ntxwv. Yuav luag txhua lub cim Stroganov nrog kos npe tau pleev xim rau tshwj xeeb rau cov tub lag luam cov kwv tij thiab lawv cov neeg. Nyob rau hauv cov hnub ntawd, kev faib ua haujlwm tau tshwm sim ntawm cov neeg pleev kob icon: muaj "tus kheej", "dolicniks", cov kws kos duab ntawm "chamber sau".

Godunov thiab Stroganov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab icon painting, lub ntsiab sib txawv

Lub tsev kawm ntawv Godunov txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv txoj kab nrog cov qauv ntawm A. Rublev thiab Dionisy, nws cov kws txawj ua haujlwm rau tsar thiab yog li ntawd sawv cev, raws li nws yog, "kev cai" kab hauv kos duab. Monumentality yeej muaj yeej nyob rau hauv cov creations, xws li icons yog tsim los pab cov tuam tsev, kub thiab nyiaj ntxoov yeej yeej nyob rau hauv lawv cov txheej txheem.

Lub tsev kawm ntawv Stroganov gravitates rau kev kos duab zoo nkauj thiab kev daws teeb meem xim. Lawv cov cim, raws li txoj cai, yog me me thiab npaj ntau dua rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj dua li kev thov Vajtswv. Hauv lawv cov txheej txheemmob siab kawm txog cov ntsiab lus me me, cov ntsiab lus dominates.

Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm Stroganov kev taw qhia

Lub tsev kawm ntawv Stroganov ntawm cov duab kos duab tau txawv los ntawm cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:

• Icons ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg, sau hauv qhov nyuaj thiab me me.
• Cov xim palette yog ua los ntawm halftones nrog golden hues.
• Yuav luag yuav tsum muaj ntawm toj roob hauv pes nrog rau cov duab ntawm cov cim.
• Special, whimsical duab ntawm huab saum ntuj.
• Ib txwm muaj ntau yam me me hauv kev sib xyaw, xws li chav tsev, slides, duab ntawm tib neeg, nroj tsuag.
• Icons, raws li nws tau, ib txwm qhia txog ib yam dab tsi, hauv nruab nrab daim duab ntawm tus neeg tua neeg lossis cov neeg dawb huv tau piav qhia hauv cov xim dav dav.
• Daim duab ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntiaj teb yog ze li ntawm ntuj tsim, siv cov xim kub.
• Cov duab kos duab yog ua tiav los ntawm cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws, ntaiv, gazebos, domes.
• Xav txog kev xav, kev sib kis ntawm kev ntxhov siab, kev qhia, piv txwv li, ntau cov kauv curls tau kos.
• Tib neeg cov nuj nqis yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm qhov sib luag.
• Khaub ncaws muaj cov xim ci, feem ntau yog liab, daj thiab ntsuab, nrog me me quav thiab nrog ntxiv ntawm cov xim kub.
• Lub ntsej muag tau sau ua xim ci, nrog rau qhov chaw, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tsos, xws li cov plaub hau, tau ua tib zoo piav qhia.

Ssuming up, peb tuaj yeem hais tias Stroganov thiab Godunov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cov duab kos duab sib txawv hauv kev nkag siab ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm lub cim. Cov Stroganovites yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov me meduab, complexity, elegance thiab ib tug ncaim ntawm monumentality, xws li ib tug icon twb tsis ua ib tug duab rau kev thov Vajtswv, tab sis dhau los ua ib tug muaj nuj nqis me me.

Peb theem ntawm kev txhim kho tsev kawm ntawv

Hauv kev thuam kev kos duab, cov duab ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Stroganov tau muab faib ua 3 theem.

1. "Cov ntawv qub Stroganov"

Lub sijhawm pib hauv nws cov style yog qhov nco txog Novgorod tsim. Cov cim ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Stroganov tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog cov qauv zoo "Novgorod" uas tsim los ntawm cov tub lag luam Solvychegodsk.

2. "Second Stroganov Letters"

Tam sim no, lub tswv yim ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv no yog ua raws. Ntawm no tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev sau ntawv raws li ib tug figurative embodiment ntawm lub ntiaj teb no thiab Vajtswv yog ploj. Es tsis txhob, ib tug convex splendor tshwm, ib tug tej yam majesty, muaj siab rau kev zoo nkauj. Txhua yam tau txais kev pabcuam nrog qee yam kev coj ua, hais txog kev ua zoo nkauj, cov laug cam tau them nrog cov xim kub thiab ntxim nyiam. Cov cim no yog me me; lawv tau sau feem ntau tsis yog rau cov tuam tsev, tab sis rau kev pe hawm hauv tsev thiab maj mam dhau los ua cov khoom niaj hnub ntawm Muscovite Russia.

Cov duab kos duab, kev ua haujlwm me me - cov tswv yim zoo li no sawv cev rau lub sijhawm thib ob ntawm kev muaj tswv yim ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv no.

3. "Baron"

theem no poob rau xyoo pua 18th, nws tuaj yeem hu ua kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub sijhawm thib ob. Lub cim tsis tas yuav yog ib hom kev pleev xim thiab thaum kawg hloov mus rau hauv lub pob zeb diamond, qhov chaw uas yog nyob rau hauv lub txhab nyiaj ntau dua li hauv pawg ntseeg. Cov haujlwm no, qhov tseeb, yog cov khoom me me zoo tshaj plaws,piv txwv ntawm cov uas nyob hauv "chambers" ntawm Transfiguration tojntxas thiab St. Nicholas Monastery.

Procopius Chirin

Chirin yog ib tus kws kos duab zoo nkauj Lavxias teb sab, tus tswv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Stroganov. Nws txoj hauj lwm nto moo tshaj plaws yog lub cim "Nikita the Warrior" (1593).

Cov ntaub pua plag qhia txog tus tub rog dawb huv, hnav lub tsho liab, lub tsho xiav ci thiab lub tsho kub. Nws daim duab yog txawv los ntawm fragility, tsis muaj masculinity nyob rau hauv nws, cov duab yog emphatically refined. Lub ntsiab xim ntawm tus tswv yog them rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov yeeb yuj ua ke, cov duab ntawm cov ntsiab lus me me ntawm cov khaub ncaws, lub ntsej muag thiab tes ntawm cov tub rog tau kos rau hauv cov me me.

Lub cim "Yauhas Kev Cai Raus Dej hauv Suab puam" kuj raug ntaus nqi rau tus tswv no. Nws daim duab qhia tau hais tias cov duab ntawm toj roob hauv pes pib tshwm sim raws li lub hauv paus kev npaj nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv Stroganov ntawm Lavxias teb sab icon painting. Cov suab puam ntawm no tsis yog ib qho yooj yim sawv cev ntawm slides, tab sis ib tug ntau haiv neeg foundations nrog ib tug dej thiab zaub, qhov twg kuj muaj cov duab ntawm tib neeg thiab tsiaj. Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los no, cov duab ntawm cov neeg dawb huv tau pom meej meej, zoo li hais txog kev mob siab rau ntawm tus ntsuj plig nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig. Txoj hauj lwm sib sib zog nqus conveys lyricism ntawm ib tug poetic toj roob hauv pes nrog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws dej ntws.

Chirin yog tus sau ntau lub cim, uas feem ntau yog ntaus nqi rau thawj xyoo ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, piv txwv li, lub cim ntawm St. John the Warrior, sau rau M. Stroganov, belongs rau nws txhuam. Hauv daim ntawv no, P. Chirin tau qhia nws tus kheej los ua tus tswv ntawm cov kab lus polysyllabic. Los ntawm txoj kev Novgorod ntawm noTsuas yog qhov elegance ntawm me ntsis elongated proportions tseem nyob. Hais txog kev xav xim, tus sau no tsis txawv ntau ntawm lwm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm nws lub tsev kawm ntawv. Me ntsis muted tones ua rau nws muaj feem xyuam rau Moscow icon painting trend.

Nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawm 1597-1604, thaum lub sij hawm kav ntawm Godunov, "Selected Saints" tau sau los ntawm nws. Ntawm lub canvas, nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam symmetry, cov neeg dawb huv patronizing lub reigning dynasty yog depicted. Tub fuabtais Boris - tus sawv cev ntawm tsar nws tus kheej - nyob rau hauv ib tug headdress, nyob rau hauv ib lub tsho tiv no plaub adorned nrog precious pob zeb thiab pearls. Fyodor Stratillat yog ib tug martyr uas patronizes nws tus tub, lwm tus neeg dawb huv yog tus patron ntawm Boris los ntawm nws lwm lub npe. Tsuas yog lub npe Gleb tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog tsev neeg Godunov, tab sis kev lig kev cai nws tau piav qhia hauv lub cim duab nrog nws tus tij laug; qab lawv yog poj niam patrons - Maria thiab Xenia.

Godunov tus ntxhais tau paub txog nws txoj kev coj dawb huv thiab zoo nkauj, raws li, nws tus neeg dawb huv Xenia tau nyob ntawm lub cim. Tag nrho cov cim tau piav qhia hauv qee qhov kev txwv kev xav. Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub painting yog rendered nyob rau hauv golden txiv ntseej tones. Lub nruj symmetry ntawm daim duab, ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm kub thiab ib tug ornamental qauv tsa lub icon mus rau ib theem sib haum mus rau lub zoo kawg nkaus solemnity ntawm lub tsev hais plaub muaj koob muaj npe. Chirin, raws li ib tug kws kos duab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyiam los ntawm cov dluab ntawm cov neeg thov Vajtswv, cov dluab ntawm Tswv Yexus thiab Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv nrog cov menyuam mos. Lub ntsiab lus nquag ntawm tus tswv no yog tus duab ntawm Mary. Cov nkauj xwb tsim los ntawm nws ("Peb poj niam ntawm Tikhvin", "Peb poj niam ntawm Vladimir") yog emphatically refined thiab zoo nkauj. Lub secular orientation yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xav nyob rau hauv txoj kevcov duab ntawm Mary yog txhais. Cov txuj ci ntawm tus kws kos duab ntawm no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov duab ntawm cov qauv, cov xim tau txais ib qho xim hlau me ntsis. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias patronesses ntawm poj niam ib feem ntawm tsev neeg Stroganov yog depicted nyob rau hauv lub sab tis - cov neeg ncaj ncees thiab dawb huv martyrs. Nws tuaj yeem xaus lus tias yog vim li cas rau kev sau cov quav yog qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb rau tsev neeg no. Hauv kev xaiv cov duab piav qhia ntawm lub cim, ib tus tuaj yeem hnov qhov kev ntshaw ntawm Stroganovs taug qab lawv cov kab mob caj ces.

Nikifor Savin

Nov yog lwm tus kws kos duab Lavxias zoo nkauj, tus tswv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Stroganov, uas tau tsim txog 15 lub cim hauv qab nws kos npe. Ntawm nws tej hauj lwm, lub icon "Lub Miracle ntawm Fyodor Tiron" (pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th) sawv tawm tshaj plaws, raws li ib tug ntseeg dab neeg txog ib tug martyr warrior.

Raws li Apocrypha, Tyrone niam raug tus nab loj nyiag, tab sis nws cawm nws. Qhov no hero twb revered nyob rau hauv Russia raws li tus yeej ntawm lub siab phem inclination. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem soj ntsuam kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ntau qhov tawg: lub tsev hais plaub huab tais saib kev tawm tsam, Tyrone thov Vajtswv kom yeej, thiab nws kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog tus nab. Apocrypha scenes tau piav qhia meej thiab zoo heev. Kub, nyiaj, xim varnishes yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau txheej txheej xim. Ib tug nyias niello qauv yog superimposed ntawm lub hauv paus kub, tsim ib tug shimmering nto. Cov keeb kwm kos duab qhia tias tus tswv no muaj lub sijhawm sib txawv ntawm lub sijhawm sau ntawv, thawj - "xim" thiab tom qab - "kub".

Lwm tus muaj sia nyob,yos txij thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, lub cim ntawm tus sau no yog "Kev Sib Tham ntawm Basil the Great, Gregory theologian thiab John Chrysostom".

Lub cim no nthuav tawm nrog kev txhawb nqa zoo rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev noj qab haus huv ntawm Vajtswv, qhov twg cov neeg ntseeg tau piav qhia thaum lub sijhawm ua kev sib raug zoo. Cov duab ntawm Tsoom Haiv Neeg Ntseeg Basil the Great, Gregory theologian thiab John Chrysostom tau sau ua ib txoj hauv kev uas lawv tau muab tso ua ke rau hauv ib qho kev sib xyaw. Cov neeg dawb huv no tau muaj kev hwm heev nyob rau hauv Russia txij thaum lub sijhawm ua kev cai raus dej. Nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm kos duab, lawv feem ntau tau piav qhia ntawm lub rooj vag vaj ntxwv, uas hais txog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg dawb huv no ua tus sau liturgies. Qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv lub cim no yog muab rau lub toj, ua cim kev nce siab ntawm sab ntsuj plig. Cov neeg uas xav tau kev nkag siab ntawm sab ntsuj plig thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog Vajtswv txoj txuj ci tseem ceeb tuaj rau cov kws qhia ntawv zoo, txoj kab nruab nrab ntawm cov swb tau txheeb xyuas nrog tus dej fertile ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia Christian.

Lwm daim duab nto moo - "Ib tug tubtxib saum ntuj ua rau tus neeg tsaug zog ntawm tus ntsuj plig thiab lub cev" (thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th). Lub iconography qhia txog ib tug tubtxib saum ntuj tuav lub crucifix ntawm lub taub hau ntawm tus neeg tsaug zog. Ib tug deesis muab tso rau saum txaj ua ib qho kev ceeb toom ntawm Kev Txiav Txim Kawg. Lub cim no yog txuam nrog cov ntawv thov Vajtswv ua ntej tsaug zog, qhov twg muaj kev xav txog cov tubtxib saum ntuj uas tau tsav cov dab thaum hmo ntuj thiab tiv thaiv ib tug neeg los ntawm ib qho teeb meem thaum nruab hnub. Nikifor Savin tau raug ntaus nqi ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws Stroganov.

YEmelyan Moskvitin

Tus tswv no tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev sau ua haujlwm "Vests on Rogozhskytoj ntxas".

Cov canvas no qhia txog kev nkag siab zoo ntawm cov xim thiab kab: kev sib xyaw ntawm daj, ntsuab thiab pinkish qhia qhov muag heev, me ntsis txias sib haum xeeb. Nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm ib tug zoo li yog hais tias lub xeem ncha ntawm qhov mob siab rau kev zoo nkauj, uas yog li ntawd kom meej meej manifested nyob rau hauv Ferapontov lub frescoes. Moskvitin's icon "Peb cov hluas hauv lub qhov tsua" kuj tau nto moo.

Yemelyan tsab ntawv twv yuav raug hu nyob rau hauv daim ntaub ntawm Novgorod kev lig kev cai. Qhov no yog pov thawj los ntawm cov duab zoo ntawm poses thiab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws xim.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom siv zoo nkauj

Raws li lub ntsiab lus thematic, lub cim ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv no tau muab faib ua 3 pawg loj: lub npe (piav txog tus neeg saib xyuas), cov cim qhia txog cov neeg dawb huv thiab cov cim piav qhia txog Orthodox hnub so. Rau lub tsev kawm ntawv Stroganov ntawm painting ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, thawj pab pawg neeg yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov yam ntxwv. Lawv cov kev xaiv muaj ntau haiv neeg, tab sis kev coj noj coj ua tuaj yeem taug qab txhua qhov chaw. Ntawm cov Stroganovites, kev tsim cov cim qhia txog Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv tau nthuav dav. Lawv muab cov duab no rau hauv chav tsev, tus cwj pwm hauv tsev. Tib yam tuaj yeem pom hauv kev txhais lus ntawm lawv cov deesis thiab hnub so icons.

Nyob rau hauv kev tsim tawm ntawm hnub so, kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov duab tshwj xeeb yog xav tau vim muaj cov ntsiab lus niaj hnub ntawm hom ntawv. Kev tua ntawm Stroganov's icons yog emphatically aestheticized, qhov no feem ntau yog vim muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm lawv cov neeg siv khoom. Cov cim qhia txog tus qauv zoo nkauj ntawm qee pawg ntawm cov zej zog Lavxias. Tej zaum qhov no piav qhiakev mob siab rau tshwj xeeb thiab kev ua tiav ntawm kev kos duab, qhov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm cov duab - cov neeg ntseeg ntawm lawv xyaum tsis kov hauv av, tab sis zoo li hover saum nws.

Cov neeg pleev kob icon ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv no txuas nrog tib tus cwj pwm ntawm daim ntawv, qhov chaw thiab chav sau ntawv. Lub ntim yog kis tau los ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo nkaus xwb, thiab cov kab tsis ua txhaum lub dav hlau duab hauv txhua txoj kev. Kev tsim ntawm qhov chaw kuj muaj cai. Cov kws ua yeeb yam ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv no tab tom sim qhia "chambers". Txhawm rau qhia cov qauv spatial, lawv siv cov tswv yim uas tau siv nrog cov tswv ntawm lub ntsej muag chronicle.

Nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv Stroganov ntawm kev kos duab, cov tswv yim ntawm lub tsev pheeb suab duab yog cov yam ntxwv zoo heev: feem ntau ib lub tsev teev ntuj uas muaj cov kokoshniks los yog cov tsev uas muaj ntau lub qhov rais me me dub, nrog cov arches dav thiab taw spiers. Qhov dav ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov tsev, qhov rais thiab arched opens yeej ib txwm depicted. Nyob rau hauv lawv cov style, Stroganov icons zoo ib yam li tej hauj lwm ntawm Moscow tsev hais plaub paintings thiab Moscow cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub sij hawm thaum ntxov.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv

Lub tsev kawm ntawv Stroganov ntawm cov duab kos duab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev hloov pauv ntawm Lavxias kos duab. Qhov no yog ib qho kev hloov pauv hauv kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab icon painting, nyob rau hauv qhov tob ntawm no qauv cov khoom tsim, tom qab txiav txim qhov xwm ntawm painting ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th tsim. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, qhov no yog lub secularity ntawm kev nthuav qhia ntawm dluab, manifested nyob rau hauv lub kos duab ntawm portraits, raws li zoo raws li lub siab xav ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam rau feem ntau plausibly depict keeb kwm.kev txhim kho. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov dej num ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Stroganov ntawm kev kos duab yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm secular painting nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th. Qhov no yog keeb kwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab nws lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab kos duab.

Yog li, suav nrog qhov tau hais, peb tuaj yeem xaus tias hauv tebchaws Russia hauv 16-17 centuries twb tau tsim tag nrho cov qauv hauv hom duab kos duab, thiab ib qho ntawm nws cov neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb yog Stroganov icon. painting tsev kawm ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem hais ntxiv tias lub tsev kawm ntawv no tau dhau los ntawm ntau theem ntawm nws txoj kev tsim, muaj nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb, tus yam ntxwv zoo nkauj, nrog rau nws tus kheej stylistic orientation thiab thematic cov ntsiab lus. Lub tsev kawm ntawv Stroganov muaj cov tswv tiag tiag ntawm lawv cov khoom siv tes ua, xws li Prokopy Chirin, Emelyan Moskvitin, Savin dynasty ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam, nrog rau lwm cov kws sau ntawv tsawg dua. Ib txhia ntawm lawv tej hauj lwm tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no thiab nyob rau hauv cov kos duab thiab tsev cia puav pheej.