Krzhizhanovsky Sigismund Dominikovich: biography thiab creativity
Krzhizhanovsky Sigismund Dominikovich: biography thiab creativity

Video: Krzhizhanovsky Sigismund Dominikovich: biography thiab creativity

Video: Krzhizhanovsky Sigismund Dominikovich: biography thiab creativity
Video: Google Colab - Searching for News with Python! 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Nws hu ua "tseem ceeb heev". Thiab kuj "ib tug neeg paub dav hauv lub voj voog nqaim." Ob peb cov neeg nyeem niaj hnub no paub lub npe no - Krzhizhanovsky Sigismund Dominikovich. Lub caij no, nws tau ua ntau yam xws li ntawv nyeem, ua yeeb yam, keeb kwm, kev xav thiab kev ua yeeb yam.

Lub neej yav tom ntej kab lis kev cai tau yug los ze Kiev thaum Lub Ob Hlis 11, 1887. Nws yog Polish los ntawm haiv neeg, Catholic los ntawm kev ntseeg. Nws txiv yog Dominik Aleksandrovich, tub rog tub rog; Tom qab so haujlwm, nws tawm hauv tebchaws Poland nrog nws tsev neeg thiab nyob hauv ib puag ncig ntawm niam ntawm Lavxias lub nroog. Lub tsev tau yuav nrog cov nyiaj faib rau cov so haujlwm.

Dominik Alexandrovich ua haujlwm ua tus accountant, thiab nws tus poj niam Fabiana Stanislavovna mob siab rau nws tus kheej nkaus rau menyuam yaus. Ua tib zoo nyiam suab paj nruag thiab ntaus piano zoo nkauj, nws tau muab kev kawm zoo rau lawv. Krzhizhanovsky Sigismund yog tus yau tshaj ntawm cov menyuam yaus, muaj plaub tus muam laus.

krzhizhanovsky sigismund
krzhizhanovsky sigismund

Tus tub hlub nws niam, kho nwsheev reverent thiab sim ua qub txeeg qub teg ntawm nws cov yam ntxwv. Nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas, nws txawm npau suav los ua ib tug neeg hu nkauj opera thiab kawm hu nkauj. Tab sis tom qab kawm tiav los ntawm Kyiv gymnasium No. 4, nws nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv raws li ib tug kws lij choj. Nws cov tub ntxhais kawm lub neej tau tshwm sim hauv lub suab nrov, muaj yeeb yuj thiab muaj neeg coob coob hauv Kyiv. Tus tub hluas mus txog qhov teeb meem ntawm kev kawm tiag tiag - ntxiv rau kev paub txog kev cai lij choj, nws kuj tau txais kev paub txog keeb kwm thiab philology, koom nrog kev qhuab qhia.

Thaum tseem yog menyuam kawm ntawv, Krzhizhanovsky Sigismund pib sau paj huam. Nws kuj tau sau ntawv taug kev los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, uas nws ua thaum mus ncig teb chaws Europe.

pib ua haujlwm

Tom qab tau txais kev kawm qib siab hauv tsev kawm qib siab hauv xyoo 1913, tus kws lij choj hluas sim ua haujlwm hauv nws qhov tshwj xeeb thiab nkag mus rau kev pabcuam ntawm tus kws lij choj tus kws pab cuam. Tab sis rau lub sij hawm ntev hauv cheeb tsam no tsis tau khaws cia. Tsib xyoos tom qab, nws tawm txoj cai lij choj thiab tsis rov qab los rau nws. Tej zaum yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog lub kiv puag ncig, uas coj mus rau chaos thiab thawb txoj cai mus rau lub ces kaum deb. Los yog tej zaum Krzhizhanovsky tsuas yog nyiam los ntawm kab lis kev cai…

theem tom ntej ntawm nws txoj haujlwm yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv. Nws hais lus rau cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Conservatory, Theatre Institute thiab lwm lub tsev kawm ntawv hauv Kyiv, qhia lawv txog kev xav ntawm kev muaj tswv yim, suab paj nruag, ntawv nyeem, keeb kwm ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, thiab lwm yam. Cov kws qhia txuj ci kev qhuab qhia yog kev vam meej ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas.

Krzhizhanovsky Sigismund Dominikovich
Krzhizhanovsky Sigismund Dominikovich

Krzhizhanovsky Sigismund tab tom sim ua kom paub nws tus kheej ua tus kws sau ntawv. Qee yam ntawm nws: paj huam "Brigantine", zaj dab neeg "Jacobi thiabsupposedly" - txawm luam tawm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm.

Moscow

Krzhizhanovsky cov tub ntxhais hluas raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov xwm txheej txaus ntshai. Ib tug los ntawm ib tug, nws niam nws txiv tuag, ces nws hlub tus muam Elena, thiab ces nws tus txiv ntxawm, uas Sigismund yog heev phooj ywg. Thiab tag nrho cov no tsuas yog ob lossis peb xyoos xwb.

Xav kom hloov qhov xwm txheej, Krzhizhanovsky Sigismund Dominikovich, uas nws biography yog feem ntau tag nrho ntawm kev mus ncig, tsiv mus rau Moscow nyob rau hauv 1922. Ntawm no nws nyob hauv Chamber Theatre, qhia hauv nws lub studio. Tib qhov kev ua yeeb yam dhau los ua qhov tsuas yog qhov chaw uas Krzhizhanovsky tswj kom pom nws ua si ntawm theem. Nws hu ua Tus Txiv Neej Ua Hnub Thursday. Qhov kev ua si yog ua raws li kev ua haujlwm nto moo ntawm Gilbert Chesterton. Lwm cov hauj lwm ntawm playwright, alas, tsis mus txog theem.

Krzhizhanovsky Sigismund Dominikovich thaum yau Story ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb
Krzhizhanovsky Sigismund Dominikovich thaum yau Story ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb

koob meej thiab kev nyuaj siab

Nyob rau hauv lub peev ntawm lub USSR, tus hero ntawm tsab xov xwm no active. Nws nyeem nws cov dab neeg luv luv, sau ntawv thiab lwm yam hauj lwm thiab sai sai ua nto moo nyob rau hauv lub voj voog ntawm theatergoers thiab sau ntawv nyob rau hauv Moscow.

Tab sis Krzhizhanovsky qhov chaw tsis tau coj nws cov txiaj ntsig khoom. Nws ua hauj lwm hnyav heev, paub tias dej tsis ntws hauv qab pob zeb dag. Lub sijhawm nyuaj tau los, Txoj Cai Tshiab Kev Lag Luam tau xaus. Tam sim no thiab tom qab ntawd "Dr. Schrott" (raws li tus kws sau ntawv thiab nws cov phooj ywg hu ua kev tshaib kev nqhis) tau khob qhov rooj. Nws nyias nyias thiab saib daj ntseg thaum lub sijhawm ntawd Krzhizhanovsky Sigismund Dominikovich. Cov duab ntawm lub 20s lig eloquently ua tim khawv rau kev txom nyem uas tus kws sau ntawv nyob. Tab sis nws tsis tso tseg thiab ntev heev sim mus khwv tau los ntawmnyiam tshaj plaws - sau.

Kev sim yuav luag ib txwm ua tsis tau - kev luam ntawv tsis tshua muaj, thiab cov khob cij yuav tsum tau txais los ntawm txoj kev sib txawv. Krzhizhanovsky ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug editor ntawm ib tug publishing tsev, npaj scripts rau commercials thiab txawm tag nrho-fledged films, sau librettos rau operas…

krzhizhanovsky sigismund dominikovich yees duab
krzhizhanovsky sigismund dominikovich yees duab

"Pushkin" thiab "Shakespearean" lub sijhawm

Ib qho ntawm Sigismund Dominikovich "kev ua haujlwm ib nrab hnub" yog qhov pib ntawm tag nrho lub sijhawm hauv nws txoj haujlwm. Peb tab tom tham txog qhov kev ua yeeb yam "Eugene Onegin" los ntawm Prokofiev.

Kov Pushkin, tus kws sau ntawv tsis tuaj yeem rhuav tshem nws tus kheej ntawm nws mus ntev. Nws tau sau cov lus theoretical hais txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau paj huam Lavxias teb sab zoo (piv txwv li, "Lub Art of the Epigraph (Pushkin)"), ua haujlwm ntawm "Dictionary of Epigraphs", thiab lwm yam.

Thiab ntawm txoj kab nruab nrab ntawm 30s nws yog Shakespeare tig. Lub preface npaj rau thawj ntim ntawm cov sau tej hauj lwm ntawm lub classic tshoov siab rau Krzhizhanovsky los sau ntau yam lus rau tus sau ntawm lub immortal Hamlet.

Los ntawm txoj kev, tsis zoo li kev sau ntawv, Sigismund Dominikovich cov ntawv xov xwm tau luam tawm qee zaum. Tshwj xeeb, hauv cov ntawv tshaj tawm xws li "Soviet Art", "Literary Critic", thiab lwm yam.

Missed Genius

Lub sijhawm "muaj txiaj ntsig" tshaj plaws ntawm Krzhizhanovsky txoj haujlwm yog 20-30s. Lub sijhawm no, tus tsov ntxhuav feem ntawm cov haujlwm tau sau tseg. Cov no yog tsib zaj dab neeg, rau phau ntawv luv luv, sau ntawv, dab neeg, ua yeeb yam, ua haujlwm ntawm keeb kwm thiab kev xav ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, thiab lwm yam. Tsuas yog ob peb ntawm lawv tau luam tawm thaum tus sau lub neej. Koj tuaj yeem suav lawv ntawm koj tus ntiv tes. Dab tsiRaws li qhov kev xav tau hais txog, tsuas yog Cov Poetics ntawm Lub Npe tau pom qhov kaj ntawm hnub. Nws tau luam tawm ua ib daim ntawv qhia cais. Thiab zaj dab neeg "Kev Rov Qab Los ntawm Munchausen" twb tau npaj rau kev tshaj tawm, tab sis poob nthav tus sau tau txais kev tsis lees paub los ntawm tus tshaj tawm.

krzhizhanovsky sigismund phau ntawv
krzhizhanovsky sigismund phau ntawv

Krzhizhanovsky Sigismund, uas nws phau ntawv tsis ncav cuag cov neeg nyeem dav dav, raug yuam kom sau rau lub rooj. Nov yog qee qhov ntawm lawv:

  • Wandering Strange (1924).
  • Second Collection (1925).
  • Tsab Ntawv Killer Club (1926).
  • Kev Nco Txog Yav Tom Ntej (1929).
  • "Lub luj tshib" (1940).

Tab sis peb tsis tau hais txog qee qhov graphomaniac! Cov kws sau ntawv niaj hnub hu ua tus kws sau ntawv yog neeg txawj ntse, muab piv rau cov classics ntawm cov xyoo ntawd - Camus, Kafka, Borges … Nws sau nyob rau theem ntawm European cov ntaub ntawv ntawm thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Nws tej hauj lwm yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv allusions, metatexts, artistic txhais cov tswv yim ntawm zoo philosophers, thiab lwm yam

Thaum xav paub tias yog vim li cas cov tshaj tawm tsis quav ntsej tus tswv, cov neeg sau ntawv niaj hnub no nyiam ntseeg tias nws tsuas yog ua ntej nws lub sijhawm thiab tsis nkag siab rau lub tebchaws Soviet. Thiab dab tsi tsis haum rau hauv nws lub moj khaum, nws tsis tuaj yeem txais tos. Sigismund Dominikovich tsis sau ntawv txhawb nqa ntawm Soviets, tab sis nws tsis yog lawv tus nrog sib ntaus. Nws yog, raws li nws yog, sab nraum lub system, saum toj no nws. Thiab qhov no ruaj ntseg oblivion.

Nyob rau hauv 1939, Krzhizhanovsky Sigismund tau los ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Union of Writers ntawm lub USSR, tab sis qhov tseeb notsis tau pab nws hauv kev tshaj tawm txoj xov xwm.

Krzhizhanovsky's hobbies

Ntxiv rau nws txoj kev mob siab rau kev sau ntawv thiab kev ua yeeb yam, Sigismund Dominikovich muaj lwm qhov, tab sis kev mob siab rau. Nws nyiam mus ncig. Txawm tias nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tshaib plab tshaj plaws, nws muaj peev xwm khiav tawm qhov chaw tsawg kawg ib lub lim tiam. Taug kev kho mob thiab txhawb nws.

Kev xav mus xyuas lub tebchaws tshiab, Krzhizhanovsky ua tib zoo kawm nws keeb kwm, thaj chaw, kab lis kev cai, tom qab ntawd los sib piv txoj kev xav nrog qhov nws pom ntawm nws lub qhov muag. Thaum mus ncig, nws ib txwm perk up, thiab rov qab los tsev neeg tshiab.

Thaum kuv mus ncig, kuv tau ntsib ntau tus neeg nyiam thiab txawm tias zoo, ntawm lawv, piv txwv li Maximilian Voloshin thiab Alexander Grin, uas zoo siab tau txais cov kws sau ntawv hauv lawv cov khoom Crimean thaum lub caij ntuj sov.

krzhizhanovsky sigismund dominikovich tus kheej lub neej
krzhizhanovsky sigismund dominikovich tus kheej lub neej

Krzhizhanovsky Sigismund Dominikovich: tus kheej lub neej ntawm tus kws sau ntawv

Thaum tseem nyob hauv Kyiv thiab muab kev qhuab qhia rau cov tub ntxhais kawm, cov tub ntxhais hluas Sigismund ntsib ib tug poj niam uas tau los ua nws tus khub hauv lub neej. Nws lub npe yog Anna Gavrilovna Bovshek. Nws yog ib tug actress, kawm nrog Stanislavsky. Tsis ntev tom qab tus neeg paub zoo, nws tau tawm mus rau Moscow, thiab Krzhizhanovsky, raws li koj paub, nws thiaj li tsiv mus rau lub peev ntawm USSR. Nyob ntawd, lawv txoj kev phooj ywg txuas ntxiv mus, maj mam loj hlob mus rau hauv kev sib raug zoo heev.

Tseeb, Sigismund thiab Anna nyob sib cais mus txog rau hnub kawg ntawm tus kws sau ntawv. Yog li ntawd, lawv tau sim khaws kev hlub thiab tiv thaiv lawv txoj kev hlub ntawm kev puas tsuaj.

Kev txhawb nqa ib leeg hauv txhua yam, muaj kev sib txuas lus zoo,taug kev ua ke… Lawv txoj kev sib raug zoo muaj kev sov siab, kev hwm thiab kev phooj ywg.

xyoo kawg ntawm lub neej

Pib txij xyoo 1940, Krzhizhanovsky xyaum tsis tau sau cov duab kos duab. Txawm tias nws tseem ua haujlwm ntau heev. Thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog, nws tsis tau tawm hauv Moscow, ntseeg hais tias ib tug kws sau ntawv yuav tsum nyob qhov twg nws cov ntsiab lus. Ntau cov ntawv sau txog lub peev thiab hnub ua tsov rog los ntawm lub sijhawm no.

Lawv, ib yam li yav dhau los, tsis tau luam tawm. Sigismund Dominikovich khwv tau nws txoj sia los ntawm kev txhais lus.

Lub xyoo dhau los ntawm nws lub neej raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev mob hnyav. Nyob rau hauv nws cov memoirs, Anna Bovshek sau txog ntshav siab thiab ntshav liab. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob yog kev puas tsuaj rau ib feem ntawm lub hlwb lub luag haujlwm rau kev nco. Thiab Krzhizhanovsky tsis nco qab cov tsiaj ntawv. Nws sau tau, tiam sis nws nyeem tsis tau. Thiab nws yog qhov xwm txheej tiag tiag rau tus txiv neej uas tsis tuaj yeem xav txog nws tus kheej yam tsis muaj phau ntawv.

krzhizhanovsky sigismund phau ntawv
krzhizhanovsky sigismund phau ntawv

Nyob hauv kuv lub neej tau raug kev txom nyem thiab mob. Tau dhau los ua tsis muaj kev pab kiag li, Sigismund Dominikovich tsiv nrog nws tus poj niam hauv nws chav tsev me. Nws tuag rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 28, 1950.

Leej twg

Krzhizhanovsky tsis muaj menyuam. Nws tsis tau tso tseg tom qab lub ntxa, los sis qhov chaw nws tsis paub. Tab sis cov cuab yeej cuab tam muaj tswv yim ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse tau khaws cia … Thiab ua tsaug rau qhov kev siv zog ntawm tus poj niam uas muaj kev hlub uas ua tib zoo sau nplooj ntawv sau rau hauv nws haiv neeg sau ntawv.

Nws tau muaj kev pheej hmoo loj thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev kub ntxhov los ntawm kev khaws cov ntawv sau hauv tsev. Tab sis tsis muaj leej twg raug mob.

Zoo li tus sau nws tus kheej, nws tus poj niam tsis tos kom tshaj tawm nws cov haujlwm. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub eighties lig nyeem ntawvntsib ib tug kws sau npe hu ua Krzhizhanovsky Sigismund Dominikovich. Nws sau ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv rau qhov ntim hauv Lavxias tau luam tawm los ntawm 2001 txog 2012. Qhov no suav nrog yuav luag txhua yam uas tau sau los ntawm tus sau: ob qho tib si prose, thiab ua yeeb yam ua haujlwm, thiab kev xav, thiab qee cov ntawv.

Krzhizhanovsky Sigismund Dominikovich, nthuav qhov tseeb txog cov uas tau muab rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, yog ib tug neeg txawv txawv. Nws cov neeg tiam no tsis txaus siab rau nws, thiab txawm tias niaj hnub no txoj haujlwm ntawm "tsis nco qab" tsis tuaj yeem hu ua pawg. Tab sis cov uas nyiam nyeem ntawv thiab ua yeeb yam tiag tiag yuav nyiam nws.

Pom zoo: