Koj puas paub Pushkin lub npe cuav?

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Pseudonyms pab kom nkag siab zoo dua ntawm cov kws sau paj huam thiab cov kws sau ntawv, kom paub ntau ntxiv txog lawv phau ntawv keeb kwm. Ntau tus kws sau ntawv paub los ntawm cov npe uas tsis tau muab rau lawv thaum yug: Maxim Gorky (A. M. Peshkov), Anatole France (Anatole Thibault). Tsab ntawv no mob siab rau teb cov lus nug: "Yuav ua li cas yog Pushkin's pseudonym?"

Ib me ntsis ntawm txoj kev xav

Thaum khaws lawv lub xeem hauv lawv txoj haujlwm, cov kws sau ntawv thiab kws sau paj huam tseem siv cov npe cuav - cov npe cuav thaum kos npe rau ib tus neeg ua haujlwm. Vim li cas qhov no ua tiav?

• Rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev dag ntxias censorship.
• Vim rau chav kawm prejudices.
• Yog muaj npe hu ua.
• For comic effect.
• Yuav muab lub npe sonority thiab cov koom haum tsim nyog.
• Thaum sim tus cwj mem. Nws yog qhov nthuav kom paub Pushkin lub npe pseudonym hauv nws cov hluas, thaum nws tsis paub ntau npaum li cas cov neeg nyeem yuav nyiam nws tej hauj lwm.

B. Dmitriev tau sau ib daim ntawv sau txog "cov npe cuav" - "Pub lawv lub npe." Hauv nws, nws tau txheeb xyuas 57 hom pseudonym siv los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv. Piv txwv li, tsis qhia npe, thaum lub npe nyeem nyob rau hauv rov qab kev txiav txim: Ivan Krylov - Navi Volyrk; Cryptonyms thaum sau npe lossis lwm cov ntawv sau luv: K. N. Batyushkov - B-ov.

Poet's family

Pushkin cov keeb kwm tseem yog qhov kev tshawb fawb los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb uas tab tom nrhiav tshiab thiab sim piav qhia vim li cas cov neeg txawj sau ntawv siv qhov no lossis kos npe. Nws lub npe yog overgrown nrog myths xwb thiab legends, ib tug ntawm cov uas muaj kev cob cog rua nrog lub fact tias nws tsis tuag nyob rau hauv ib tug duel, tab sis ua hauj lwm tom qab nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm Dumas. Yuav kom nkag siab tias nws yog leej twg rau Russia, koj yuav tsum tau los ze zog me ntsis rau nws cov hauv paus hniav. Alexander Pushkin los ntawm ib tsev neeg nrog ib tug nplua nuj pedigree. Nws yawm txiv, Abram Gannibal, yog ib tug "me nyuam kawm ntawv" ntawm Peter I. Nws txiv, Sergei Lvovich, tawm ua tub rog nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav paub nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv. Nws yog ib tug kws sau paj huam thiab txiv ntxawm Vasily Lvovich, yog thawj tus paub txog cov txuj ci ntawm nws tus xeeb ntxwv.

Noble keeb kwm thiab lub xeem lub npe uas kuv xav qhuas, coj mus rau qhov tseeb hais tias tus sau tsis tau muab ib tug pseudonym mus tas li. Pushkin raug yuam kom muab lwm tus neeg kos npe rau hauv ntau qhov haujlwm los ntawm lwm qhov xwm txheej. Cov kws sau paj lug tsev neeg tsis muaj nyiaj, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev txhawb nqa ntawm A. I. Turgenev, tus tub hluas yog cov xeeb ntxwv ntawm cov tsev neeg zoo tshaj plaws uas tau xa mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv tshiab - Lyceum, nyob rau hauv lub tis ntawm Tsarskoye Selo Palace, uas yog ib lub tsev kawm ntawv tshiab. kos npe rau lub siab dawb siab zoo.

Lyceum period

Nws tau los ua ib tug ntawm 30 tus tub hluas uas tau txais txiaj ntsig uas tau pib thawj xyoo 1811-19-10 los ua haujlwm rau yav tom ntejqhov zoo ntawm Fatherland nyob rau hauv departments, nyob rau hauv cov tub rog thiab navy. Rau rau xyoo, yav tom ntej tus kws sau paj lug zoo yog cov kws qhia ntawv zoo ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, uas txhawb kev nyeem ntawv thiab mloog zoo rau kev coj ncaj ncees, lub cev thiab kev zoo nkauj. Tag nrho cov tub kawm ntawv tsim tau zoo nkauj, cov nqe lus ntawm ib tug ntawm lawv - A. Delvig - tau teem rau suab paj nruag thiab tig mus rau hauv lub suab paj nruag ntawm Lyceum. Nws nyob ntawm no tias cov txuj ci poetic ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej genius vam meej.

Nws tsis tau ua tiav hauv kev qhuab qhia lej, tab sis nws yog thawj zaug hauv cov lus qhia hauv Lavxias. Nws lub peev xwm tau sau tseg los ntawm: tus zoo G. Derzhavin, historian N. Karamzin, tus kws sau paj huam V. Zhukovsky. Pushkin's pseudonym tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nplooj ntawv ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm twb nyob rau hauv lub xyoo lyceum. Cov no yog cov ntawv xov xwm Vestnik Evropy, Leej Tub ntawm Fatherland thiab Lavxias Tsev khaws puav pheej.

Thawj tshaj tawm

Paj huam "Tau phooj ywg tus kws sau paj huam" sau los ntawm ib tug tub hluas thaum muaj 14 xyoos. Raws li ib tug version, nyob rau hauv 1814 nws raug xa mus rau ib tug magazine luam tawm los ntawm A. V. Izmailov, ib tug qub acquaintance ntawm Pushkin tsev neeg, Alexander Delvig. Frenchman thiab Egoza (Pushkin lub npe menyuam yaus) raug suav hais tias yog cov phooj ywg zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis nws tseem tsis tau muaj ib qho kev tshaj tawm, txawm hais tias qee cov tub ntxhais kawm lyceum twb paub lawv tus kheej lawm. Cov kws kho mob nyiam cov paj huam, tab sis lawv tsis tau kos npe, thiab tus sau tau txais ib tsab ntawv hais txog qhov yuav tsum tau daws qhov teeb meem no. Qhov kos npe nws siv yog Pushkin thawj lub npe pseudonym hauv nws cov hluas. Kev txiav txim siab nws tsis ua rau muaj kev nyuaj, txawm hais tias nws siv lub npe tsis qhia npe thiab tus lej cryptonym tib lub sijhawm: Alexander N.k.sh.p. Nws tshem cov suab ntawm nws lub xeem, sau nws mus rau lwm qhov.

Nws paub: nws tus txiv ntxawm Vasily Lvovich feem ntau siv lub npe yam tsis muaj cov ntawv es tsis txhob kos npe, tab sis ncaj qha: P.sh.k.n. Young Pushkin, ntawm ib sab, qhia kev ywj pheej, ntawm qhov tod tes, nws qhia tias nws tau txuas nrog nws tus txiv ntxawm, tus kws sau ntawv.

Lwm tus lej

Lub sijhawm xyoo ntawm lub neej lyceum tus kws sau paj huam tau sau txog ib puas paj huam suav nrog hauv cov ntawv sau. Plaub zaug nws tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv Vestnik Evropy, kos npe rau tej hauj lwm tsis tsuas yog nrog N.k.sh.p, tab sis kuj nrog tsab ntawv P. thiab tus lej npe, piv txwv li, 1 … 14-16. Yog tias peb hloov cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv tsis yog cov lej, peb yuav pom thawj lub npe, lub xeem thiab thawj tsab ntawv ntawm lub xeem. Yuav ua li cas yog Pushkin lub pseudonym fundamentally txawv los ntawm no mus kom ze? Twb tau los ntawm "Memoirs hauv Tsarskoye Selo" ("Lavxias Tsev khaws puav pheej"), nws tso nws tus kheej kos npe. Nws yog los ntawm zaj paj huam no uas vam meej los rau nws.

Nws raug lees txais rau hauv lub voj voog poetic "Arzamas", uas suav nrog V. Zhukovsky. Tom qab ntawd, hauv kev nco txog lub sijhawm no, nws kos npe rau qee yam ntawm nws cov creation: Arz. (Arzamas), St. yog. (laus Arzamas), St … ch.k (cricket - lub npe menyuam yaus ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm lub voj voog). Nws kuj tau kos npe nrog cov npe cuav. Yog li, ob phau ntawv tau sau rau sawv cev ntawm Feofilakt Kosichkin. Cov kws tshawb fawb kuj pom lwm yam kos npe ntawm tus kws sau paj huam: Yehuda Khlamida, Fab Kis Fab Kis, D. Davydov, I. Ivanov thiab txawm tias kuv. Qhov no pseudonym ntawm Pushkin tau siv kom cov paj huam tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau Yazykov. Tom qab tawm hauv qhov kev pabcuam thiab dhau los ua tus tshaj tawm, Pushkin qee zaum xav sib cav nrog tus sau, thiab tag nrho cov npe no tau siv rau qhov no. Cov Tales ntawm Belkin sawv sib nrug, qhov twg hauvNyob rau hauv lub preface, tus sau txawm tuaj nrog ib tug biography ntawm lub lig Belkin, liam tus sau.

Zaj Tswv N. Karamzin

Tus neeg paub keeb kwm Lavxias zoo tsis yog neeg txawv tebchaws rau cov nkauj thiab thaum ntxov 1799 nws tau sau ib zaj paj huam "Yuav Tswv Ntuj". Cov kab kawg hauv nws yog cov lus hais txog kev yug hauv 1799 ntawm Pindar tshiab (ib tug kws sau paj huam Greek thaum ub ntawm 5th-4th centuries BC, tus tsim ntawm odic paj huam). Nws qhov kev twv ua ntej tau tshwm sim. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo no uas cov neeg txawj ntse ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntawv nyeem tau yug los, uas yog destined rau ib tug zoo kawg nkaus txoj hmoo. Thiab txawm hais tias nws tsis tau kos npe rau nws cov creation nrog lub npe ntawm ib tug ancient Greek sau, ib tug muaj peev xwm hais tias: Pindar yog Pushkin lub pseudonym, rightfully muab rau nws los ntawm N. M. Karamzin.