Dab tsi yog engravings? Vintage Engravings (duab)

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Dab tsi yog engravings? Lo lus nug no txaus siab ntau. Rau qee tus, ib lo lus txawv teb chaws tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog cov duab ntawm phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum ntawm cov hlau lossis pob zeb, lwm tus ntseeg tias qhov no tsuas yog kos duab kos nrog rab riam rau saum lub rooj.

Tseem lo lus nug: "Dab tsi yog engraving?" - Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua teb unambiguously, txij li thaum lub technologies tsim drawings yog heev complex. Tab sis ib yam yog tseeb. Kev kos duab yog ib yam tshwj xeeb ntawm cov duab kos duab, uas muaj nws tus kheej cov kws ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj thiab cov masters uas tsis muaj txiaj ntsig.

txheej txheem engraving

Kev kos duab ntawm kev kos duab tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev txhais tau li cas, tshwj tsis yog rau cov txheej txheem kos duab, palette thiab easel. Kev kos duab, uas yuav tsum tau npaj ntau theem, nrog rau ntau qhov kev sim, yog lwm qhov teeb meem. Tab sis yog vim li cas thiaj xav tau? Tsis yog nws yooj yim dua los kos ib daim duab thiab tsis nkim sij hawm thiab siv zog ntawm kev luam nws ntau zaus. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kos duab zoo tiag tiag tsis zam qhov rov ua dua. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj cai no tsis ua haujlwm ntawm no. Cov nyhuv ntawm engraving nyob rau hauv nws txawv txawv, tus qauv ntawm daim duab yog fascinating.

Cov duab nraaj tau los ntawm kev luam ntawv hu ua "printing". Txawm li cas los xij, kev luam tawm yog qhov kev xav los ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb, thaum lub engraving yog ib qho kev xav los ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm engraved. Dab tsi yog engraving nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm manufacturing technology? Tej yam yooj yim manipulations, thaum lub sij hawm uas nws yog tsim nyog los nias ib daim ntawv ntawm daim ntawv tiv thaiv ib tug board ntawm cov xim yog yav tas los thov. Tom qab ntawd daim ntawv no tau ua tib zoo sib cais los ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm - thiab cov engraving yog npaj txhij.

Hlau thiab ntoo

Kev kos duab kos duab tsis yog luam tawm, tab sis yog kev ua tus thawj, uas muaj pes tsawg tus luam tuaj yeem ua. Qhov muaj zog ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm "board" yog tsim, ntau cov ntawv luam tawm tuaj yeem tau txais. Muaj ob hom engraving: letterpress thiab gravure. Thawj txoj hauv kev yog kos duab txiav los ntawm tus thawj hauv daim iav duab, kom tus number case hloov mus rau daim ntawv los ntawm sab nrauv ntawm daim duab txiav. Thiab qhov thib ob txoj kev muab cov xim yuav mus rau daim ntawv los ntawm cov recesses uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub "board".

Art originated nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th, txij thaum ntawd los nws tau raug hloov dua tshiab. Engraving boards yog Ameslikas tsim los ntawm daim ntawv tooj liab, lub softest hlau. Tom qab ntawd, woodcut technologies tau tshwm sim, raws li lub rooj tsavxwm tau txiav los ntawm cov ntoo tawv. Txoj kev no tsis tshua muaj zog, thiab nws tseem tuaj yeem tsim ntau xim luam tawm. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntau lub rooj tsav xwm nrog kev sib txawv ntawm kev kos duab. Daim ntawv tau thov nyob rau hauv tig rau txhua tusboard, nrog rau nruab nrab ziab, ua rau cov duab xim.

Vintage engravings

Cov ntawv luam tawm tau nthuav dav hauv lub xyoo pua 15th. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws engravings tau tsim nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hauv kev cob qhia ntawm German kws ua yeeb yam Martin Schongauer thiab Albrecht Dürer. Cov Italians Andrea Mantegna thiab Antonio Pollaiolo tsis poob qab lawv.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th, kos duab ntawm engraving tau dav lees paub, nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe engraving tau nce mus rau qib siab art, feem ntau yog vim Durer tus masterpieces xws li "Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse", "Lub tsho tiv no ntawm Arms of Death", "Melancholy".

Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th tau cim los ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm kev kos duab kos duab, kos duab yooj yim tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm yav dhau los, cov yas nthuav tawm tau tshwm sim, kev siv thev naus laus zis tau dhau los ua ntau yam nyuaj, sib npaug thiab hla kev hatching ua rau nws ua tau zoo heev. ua kom tau txais txiaj ntsig peb-dimensional thiab hauv kev ua si ntawm chiaroscuro. Cov duab kos tau txais cov cim qhia ntawm kev txawj ntse, uas tau txais kev txhawb nqa rau kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm cov txheej txheem.

Kev txhim kho ntawm engraving

Artists pib siv etching ntawm lub hauv paus hlau thiab tau txais cov cuab yeej ntawm etching, uas hlob nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov quab yuam nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th. Tus neeg pleev kob zoo nkauj portrait Rembrandt kuj tau coj cov duab kos thiab ua tiav qhov kev vam meej hauv daim teb no. Tus kws kos duab Jean Callot mob siab rau nws lub neej tag nrho rau kev kos duab kos duab thiab tsim tag nrho cov duab kos duab ntawm nws lub sijhawm. Claude Lorrain tau txaus siab los txhais nws cov duab kos rau hauv engravings. Ib Rubenstau teeb tsa ib lub rooj cob qhia tshwj xeeb uas nws cov duab tau tsim tawm.

Pobulary

Lub xyoo pua 17th yog lub sijhawm kub rau kev txhim kho kev kos duab tshiab - kos duab thiab kos duab. Cov npe ntawm hom uas cov kws ua yeeb yam ua haujlwm tau nthuav dav. Cov no yog portraits thiab toj roob hauv pes, pastorals, battle scenes, tseem lifes, tsiaj thiab inhabitants ntawm lub hiav txwv tob. Ntau tus kws ua yeeb yam ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd suav tias yog kev hwm rau sim lawv txhais tes ntawm kev kos duab kos duab. Tag nrho cov albums tshwm sim, koom ua ke thematically, raws li zaj dab neeg thiab cov yeeb yam zoo nkauj. Hogarth's satirical etchings, Khodovetsky's miniatures, thiab ib tug series ntawm engravings los ntawm Francisco Goya instantly los ua nto moo.

Japanese printmaking art

Thaj Av ntawm Rising Sun, paub txog nws txoj kev ua yeeb yam, tsis sawv ib sab. Japanese engraving yog ib txheej ntawm lub teb chaws cov kab lis kev cai, ib feem ntawm nws lub teb chaws zoo arts. Keeb kwm ntawm cov tsos ntawm thawj prints ntawm "ukiyo-e" rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua 17th. Tom qab ntawd, Japanese prints tau luam tawm dub thiab dawb. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, cov neeg ua yeeb yam qhia txog xim luam ntawv thiab ukiyo-e tau hloov pauv.

Luam tawm hauv Nyij Pooj tau pheej yig thiab xav tau tsis tu ncua. Lawv depicted scenes ntawm lub neej ntawm tib neeg. Cov no yog thawj zaug ntawm tag nrho cov zoo nkauj geisha (qhov no yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb), ces muaj sumo wrestlers, thiab nyob rau hauv peb qhov chaw yog nto moo lam ntawm lub kabuki ua yeeb yam. Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, kev kos duab toj roob hauv pes tuaj rau hauv kev zam.

Kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis

Npaj Ntog nto moo tshaj plaws, ob qho tib si thaum ub thiab tsis ntev los nolub sijhawm, systematized. Lub engraving, daim duab uas muaj rau pej xeem, muaj nws tus kheej sau npe thiab, raws li txoj cai, tau sau npe. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog kom nws cov nqi kos duab tseem nyob tsis tau. Tsis tshua muaj qauv, xws li cov masterpieces ntawm Albrecht Dürer, yog nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm UNESCO. Lub ntiaj teb nto moo los yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj txiaj ntsig engraving, cov duab thiab luam tawm uas tau muab tso rau hauv cov npe tshwj xeeb Interpol, raug tiv thaiv los ntawm cov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm engraving raws li ib tug kos duab daim ntawv txuas ntxiv mus. Nyob rau hauv Soviet txoj cai, ib tug tag nrho tiam ntawm txawj ntse kws ua yeeb yam tau tshwm sim uas ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm etchings thiab prints. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub engraving tau ntsib nws tom ntej no take-off, daim duab los ua ntau nyuaj, nws expressiveness mus txog nws climax. Nyob rau xyoo 1930, Lavxias teb sab thiab tom qab ntawd lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm kev kos duab hauv Soviet tau tsim, sawv cev los ntawm cov kws txawj ntse thiab lawv cov tub ntxhais kawm. Lub zeem muag ntawm kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm kev kos duab ntawm etching loomed ci. Tom qab ntawd, twb nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ua ntej ua tsov ua rog, engraving los ua ib daim ntawv loj loj, thiab nws cov koob meej poob qis heev.

Tom qab Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Loj tau yuav luag 20 xyoo, cov ntawv luam tawm tsuas yog tsim los ntawm kev pheej yig tab sis siv tau zoo hauv kev tshaj tawm Soviet. Tam sim no, kos duab kos duab yog nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev ntawm ib co stagnation, tsis muaj tshiab enthusiasts, thiab cov laus ua yeeb yam yog tibneeg hu tauj coob nrog rau tej yaam num coj mus muag. Txawm tias niaj hnub no, rau lo lus nug ntawm dab tsi engravings yog, ib tug Lavxias teb sab muaj peev xwm muab ib tug tag nrho cov lus teb. Tej zaum yav tom ntej, hom tshiab ntawm engravings yuav tshwm sim, vim hais tias kos duab zoo li yuav rov los nyob rau hauv tshiab guises.