2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Cov hauj lwm ntawm tus kws kos duab Alexander Alexandrovich Kiselev (1838 - 1911) yog cov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias teb sab toj roob hauv pes painting. Kiselev muaj kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb thiab muaj lub siab xav txhim kho, nws tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm nws cov neeg niaj hnub ua tus kws kos duab toj roob hauv pes, tus kws qhia ntawv thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm kos duab. Ib tug kws kos duab txawj ntse, kws qhia ntawv thiab tshaj tawm xov xwm, ib tug koom tes ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Wanderers, xib fwb ntawm lub Academy of Arts, Alexander Alexandrovich Kiselev tshuav ib tug nplua nuj muaj tswv yim cuab yeej cuab tam rau yav tom ntej tiam. Txog rau hnub tim, nws paub txog 120 ntawm nws cov haujlwm uas nyob hauv cov tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm yav dhau los Soviet cov koom pheej, thiab txog 800 ntau yam haujlwm uas tshwm sim hauv cov khoom ntiag tug thiab tsev khaws puav pheej thoob ntiaj teb. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj hmoo ntawm ntau tus kws kos duab toj roob hauv pes tej hauj lwm tseem tsis tau paub.
Alexander Alexandrovich Kiselev yug los ze Helsinki hauv lub nroog Sveaborg, hauv tsev neeg ntawm ib tug tub ceev xwm Lavxias uas coj cov tub rog hauv zos. Txij li thaum 1852, 14-xyoo-laus Kiselev, ntawm qhov insistence ntawm nws txiv, kawm ntawm2nd Cadet Corps ntawm St. Kev kawm tub rog yog qhov nyuaj rau nws, tus tub hluas nyiam qhov kev txheeb xyuas thiab kos duab. Tom qab kawm ua tub rog rau rau xyoo thiab tsis ua tiav cov tub rog kev kawm, Kiselev tau nkag mus rau cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm philology ntawm St. Petersburg University. Peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, xyoo 1861, vim muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm, lub tsev kawm ntawv raug kaw ib ntus. Qhov kev tshwm sim no tau cim qhov pib ntawm kev muaj tswv yim biography ntawm Alexander Alexandrovich Kiselev ua ib tug neeg pleev kob toj roob hauv pes.
pib ua duab
Nyob rau tib lub xyoo, tom qab kaw lub tsev kawm ntawv, Kiselev tau mus xyuas Imperial Academy of Arts ua tus tub ntxhais kawm tuaj yeem pab dawb. Ib xyoo tom qab, tus tub hluas tau mus kawm rau hauv lub academy raws li ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv thiab kawm nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm tus nto moo toj roob hauv pes painting S. M. Vorobyov. Thaum lub sijhawm kawm, Kiselev tau txais txiaj ntsig loj nyiaj los ntawm Academy rau ib qho ntawm nws cov haujlwm thiab kev pom zoo rau pej xeem, uas tom qab ntawd los ua haujlwm nto moo "Saib ntawm Moscow Surroundings", uas nws tau nthuav tawm ntawm kev kawm exhibition.
1865 yog xyoo kawg hauv kev kawm ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas cov neeg pleev kob, thiab cov kws kos duab tau lees paub ntawm qib peb Kiselev Alexander Alexandrovich txiav txim siab tawm hauv St.
Lub sijhawm Lavxias me ntsis
Nws tsiv mus rau Kharkov thiab xauj tsev nrog ib tug phooj ywg nyob sab nraum lub nroog. Thaum xub thawj, Kiselev siv sijhawm los kawm thiab kawm txog kev kos duab icon, lub hli teeb raws li kev kos duab. Thaum tus kws kos duab sib yuav tus ntxhais ntawm Kharkov xib fwb thiab cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv tsev neeg, Alexander Alexandrovich tau txais ib txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub zos Land Bank. Nyob ntawd, ua tus tuav ntaub ntawv, nws tau ua haujlwm rau yuav luag 10 xyoo.xyoo. Ib qho nyiaj tau los ruaj khov tso cai rau nws muab rau nws tsev neeg thiab pleev xim. Thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, nws thaj chaw muaj yeeb yuj Ukrainian xwm tau pleev xim rau, cov uas nto moo tshaj plaws yog: "Lub tshav puam hauv Mev Russia", "Zoo Kharkov", "Svyatogorsky Monastery", "Park in Autumn". Cov toj roob hauv pes tau piav qhia raws li kev kawm canons thiab zoo li lub canvases ntawm nws tus kws qhia ntawv Vorobyov: peb txoj kev xav thiab ib theem kev tsim kho ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg.
koom haum ntawm Wanderers
Ib zaug kev mus ncig ua yeeb yam ntawm Moscow Association of Artists tuaj txog hauv Kharkov, tom qab uas Kiselev txaus siab hloov nws lub neej thiab mob siab rau nws tus kheej rau kev pleev xim. Alexander Alexandrovich Kiselev thaum lub sij hawm ntawd yog 37 xyoo, thiab nws yog lub taub hau ntawm ib tsev neeg loj. Tus kws kos duab xa nws toj roob hauv pes "Saib hauv ib puag ncig ntawm Kharkov" mus rau Lub Koom Haum ntawm Wanderers. Pawg neeg txiav txim tau txais nws txoj haujlwm rau kev nthuav tawm. Ob peb lub hlis tom qab, nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav xyoo 1876, lub koom haum koom siab xaiv tus kws kos duab ua tswv cuab ntawm nws lub koom haum, tom qab ntawd Alexander Alexandrovich txhua xyoo nthuav tawm nws cov canvases hauv kev mus ncig ua si.
moscow lub sijhawm
Txij li xyoo 1877, Kiselev thiab nws tsev neeg, uas twb muaj xya tus menyuam, tau nyob hauv Moscow. Txhawm rau txhawb nqa nws tsev neeg, nws tau qhia kev kos duab thiab kos duab hauv cov poj niam gymnasiums thiab muab cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb. Ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais kawm yog cov kws ua yeeb yam nto moo ntawm qhov tig ntawm 19th - 20th centuries: Ostroukhov, Yakunchikova-Weber, Dosekin, Perepletchikov, Yartsev. Nws qhia cov tub lag luam nto moodynasties uas tom qab los ua patrons, collectors, artists: Ivan thiab Mikhail Morozov, Anna Botkin, Mikhail Mamontov.
Kiselev ua haujlwm hnyav rau nws cov duab toj roob hauv pes. Nws pleev xim rau Moscow suburbs thiab mus rau lwm qhov chaw hauv Russia, nqa ntau cov duab kos. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, Kiselev tsev neeg tau xauj ib lub vaj tse nyob deb nroog hauv thaj chaw zoo nkauj Moscow, thiab thaum lub caij ntuj no tus kws kos duab tau tsim txog li 50 toj roob hauv pes sketches los ntawm xwm. Xyoo 1891, thaum Kiselevs tuaj xyuas Bogimovo, tus tswv av ntawm Bylim-Kolosovsky, AP tau siv lub caij ntuj sov no. Chekhov, uas tau los ua phooj ywg nrog tus kws kos duab.
Alexander Alexandrovich tas li tau nthuav tawm nws cov haujlwm ntawm ntau lub rooj sib tham hauv Moscow thiab St. Nws feem ntau mus koom symphony concerts, ua yeeb yam ntawm Bolshoi thiab Maly Theaters, tham ntau nrog lwm tus neeg ua yeeb yam thiab sau ntawv, thiab yog phooj ywg nrog Repin thiab Maximov. Nws hais txog txhua yam kom ntxaws hauv nws phau ntawv teev npe.
Thaum kawg ntawm 1880s, nws qhov kev xav tau tsim thaum kawg tau tsim, nws tus kheej painting style, cov ntsiab lus thiab xwm ntawm toj roob hauv pes tsim. Cov hauj lwm nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Moscow lub sij hawm: "Nyob rau hauv lub pas dej", "Forgotten Mill", "Sau Brushwood", "Ua ntej ib tug Thunderstorm", "Los ntawm lub roob", "Rain".
Tsim nyog ua tiav
Lavxias teb sab nom tswv thiab cov neeg sau khoom txaus siab yuav cov duab kos los ntawm tus kws kos duab Kiselov. Alexander Alexandrovich mus xyuas Crimea thiabnyob rau hauv lub Caucasus, tom qab uas nws roob toj roob hauv pes tau zoo tshwj xeeb. Xyoo 1883, tom qab lwm qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm Wanderers, Pavel Tretyakov yuav Kiselyov's Forgotten Mill rau nws qhov chaw. Los ntawm 1883 txog 1901, cov tswv cuab ntawm tsev neeg imperial, suav nrog Alexander III nws tus kheej, tau txais ntau thaj chaw. Cov no yog paintings: "Nyob rau hauv Venice", "Hlawv", "Nyob rau hauv lub Terek", "Nyob rau hauv lub ncov ntawm snowy peak", "Roob dej nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus", "Tswb dej".
Kiselev tau txais cov npe thiab txoj haujlwm zoo. Txij li thaum xyoo 1890, nws tau nyob hauv cov ntawv xov xwm "Artist", ib qho ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm ua yeeb yaj kiab ntawm lub xeev, ua tus thawj coj saib xyuas kev ua yeeb yam thiab luam tawm ntau cov ntawv tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, Kiselev tau txais lub npe ntawm kev kawm, thiab peb xyoos tom qab ntawd nws tau raug xaiv los ua tus tswv cuab ntawm Imperial Academy of Arts. Txij li thaum 1895, Alexander Alexandrovich tsiv nrog nws tsev neeg mus rau St. Petersburg, txij li thaum Kiselev raug caw mus rau lub post ntawm chav kawm ntawv soj ntsuam ntawm lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab ntawm Imperial Academy of Arts. Ob xyoos tom qab ntawm Academy, nws coj qhov chaw ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub toj roob hauv pes Rhiav. Nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm no, tus kws kos duab tseem nyob mus txog thaum nws tuag. Alexander Alexandrovich kuj nquag koom nrog kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Russia.
Tuapse period
Los ntawm kev yuav thaj av pheej yig nyob ze ntawm lub nroog Tuapse, Alexander Alexandrovich Kiselev ua ib lub tsev me me los ntawm 1902. Cov cuab yeej cuab tam tau ua tib zoo khaws cia, thiab tam sim no nws nyob hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej Kiselev. Ib zaug ib tug kws kos duab tau qiv nyiaj los tsimno dacha qhov twg nws so thiab ua hauj lwm txhua lub caij ntuj sov. Kiselev tau tsim ntau cov duab kos duab, lub ntsiab lus yog Tuapse nrog nws cov duab zoo nkauj nyob ib puag ncig, thiab lub npe ntawm tus kws kos duab tau hloov mus ua ib hom cim ntawm lub nroog. Tus neeg pleev kob toj roob hauv pes tau ntes cov kev pom zoo ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv nrog cov pob zeb Kadosh, thiab ib qho ntawm lawv, zoo nkauj tshaj plaws, muaj npe tom qab nws.
Lub sijhawm Tuapse, Kiselev tau mus xyuas ntau qhov chaw hauv Caucasus thiab Crimea. Nws kuj tau mus txawv tebchaws, mus xyuas Fabkis, Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Venice, Rome. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws paintings ntawm Alexander Alexandrovich Kiselev ntawm lub xyoo: "Lub qub Suram Pass", Kadosh pob zeb", "Roob hav", "hauv qab huab. Nyob rau ntawm Georgian Tub Rog Txoj Kev Loj ""Dacha hauv Crimea", "Bazaar hauv Tuapse", "Lub Tsev hauv Tuapse", "Tuapse Street", "Ntawm Kazbek", "Hmo ntuj ntawm Hiav Txwv", "Hlav lub Abyss".
Alexander Alexandrovich tuag tam sim ntawd, thaum ua haujlwm ntawm nws lub rooj. Tus kws kos duab, uas muaj hnub nyoog 73 xyoos, raug mob plawv. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los ntawm nws lub neej, Kiselev tau ua tiav kev ceev tshwj xeeb hauv nws txoj haujlwm thiab kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm daim duab.
Nws zoo siab, ci ntsa iab, me ntsis qhov zoo tshaj plaws toj roob hauv pes qhia txog kev xav ntawm tus sau. Kiselev paub txog yuav ua li cas thiaj li ntes tau qhov kev zoo nkauj thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm qhov xwm txheej, uas yog qhov xav tsis thoob rau cov neeg saib xav txog qhov zoo nkauj canvases ntawm cov neeg pleev kob toj roob hauv pes.
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