Ntuj paj huam: list. Lavxias teb sab paj huam uas txhua leej txhua tus yuav tsum paub

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Paj huam yog thaj chaw zoo kawg nkaus ntawm kev muaj tswv yim. Ua raws li kev sib dhos tshwj xeeb, cov lus tau muab tso rau hauv ib qho tag nrho uas nqa kev zoo nkauj hauv nws tus kheej. Muaj ib lub tswv yim hais tias paj huam raws li ib hom ntawv nyeem tsis yog niaj hnub, tab sis ib tug tag nrho constellation ntawm txuj ci ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st refutes nws, ua pov thawj ib zaug dua hais tias Lavxias teb sab paj huam tsis yog tsuas yog Pushkin thiab Lermontov. Lavxias teb sab paj huam tsis xaus nrog Brodsky thiab Yevtushenko, tab sis nyob thiab txhim kho mus rau niaj hnub no.

Ib npe ntawm cov kws sau paj huam, cov kws ntaus nkauj nto moo lossis cov nom tswv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tsis yog qhov tseeb kawg. Thaum sau cov npe no, lawv feem ntau yog coj los ntawm cov kev xav nrov lossis kev xaiv tsa. Tab sis koj tuaj yeem siv cov npe no, vim tias nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub lawv cuam tshuam tsawg kawg ib feem ntawm daim duab loj.

Ntawm cov npe ntawm cov kws sau paj huam Lavxias uas txhua tus yuav tsum paub tsis yog cov classics xwb, tab sis kuj yog cov kws sau paj huam ntawm Hnub Nyoog Nyiaj, thiab cov kws sau paj huam ntawm rau caum xyoo. Lawv cov npe muaj nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov phau ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab encyclopedias, thiab lawv cov paj huam yog qhia los ntawm kindergarten. Lawv tau ua qhov hnyavpab tsis tau tsuas yog rau paj huam, tab sis kuj rau Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai tag nrho.

1. YPushkin Alexander Sergeevich.
2. YTyutchev Fedor Ivanovich.
3. Lermontov Mikhail Yurievich.
4. Fet Afanasy Afanasyevich.
5. Nekrasov Nikolay Alekseevich.
6. Bunin Ivan Alekseevich.
7. Alexander Alexandrovich Blok.
8. Akhmatova Anna Andreevna.
9. YPasternak Boris Leonidovich.
10. Tsvetaeva Marina Ivanovna.
11. YMayakovsky Vladimir Vladimirovich.
12. Yesenin Sergey Aleksandrovich.
13. YBrodsky Joseph Aleksandrovich.
14. Voznesensky Andrey Andreevich.
15. Evtushenko Yevgeny Aleksandrovich.

Pushkin Alexander Sergeevich (1799–1837)

"Lub hnub ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam" - yog li Odoevsky sau txog nws nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ceeb toom ntawm kev tuag ntawm tus poj kws sau paj lug. Contemporaries tau lees paub qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm Pushkin thaum nws lub neej. Nws tsis tsuas yog los ua tus tsim ntawm ntau yam ntawm classical Lavxias teb sab paj huam, tab sis kuj yog tus tsim ntawm cov lus zoo nkauj tshaj plaws hauv Lavxias. Ntau tus kws sau paj huam tau ua raws li Pushkin footsteps thiab muaj peev xwm ua tiav lub koob meej thiab kev lees paub. Cov paj huam ntawm Alexander Sergeevich paub thiab hlub tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Russia. Ntiaj teb koob meej coj nws hlub paj huam, zoo nkauj fairy tales thiab ntse epigrams. Cov ntawv tshiab hauv nqe "Eugene Onegin" yog ib qho uas tau nyeem ntau tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.

Tyutchev Fedor Ivanovich (1803–1873)

Poet-thinker thiab zoo Lavxias teb sab lyricist, tus tsim ntawm cov lus nto moo: "Russia tsis tuaj yeem nkag siab nrog lub siab." Tyutchev qhuas Pushkin thiab muab paj huam rau nws. Thiab nws yog Pushkin uas uaFyodor Ivanovich tau nto moo los ntawm kev tshaj tawm nws cov paj huam nyob rau hauv Sovremennik magazine. Tyutchev nws tus kheej, tau sau ntau tshaj 400 tej hauj lwm, suav hais tias nws tus kheej tsis yog ib tug kws tshaj lij thiab tsis ntseeg txog nws txoj haujlwm. Txij thaum nws tseem hluas, nws tau sau paj huam txog nws haiv neeg, suav tias yog qhov txuj ci zoo nkauj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Tyutchev tseem nto moo rau nws txhais lus Greek cov kws sau paj huam.

Lermontov Mikhail Yurievich (1814–1841)

Lub hnub qub ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam, tus kws sau paj huam uas sau suav tsis txheeb zoo nkauj, sab laug hauv lub neej tseem ceeb. Lermontov txoj haujlwm yog permeated nrog kev kho siab thiab siv zog rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas tsis muaj peev xwm. Nws cov paj huam, txawm tias qhov mob siab rau thiab ntxeev siab tshaj plaws, tau npog nrog kev tu siab. Nws ballads thiab elegies tau raug muab txhais ua ntau hom lus hauv ntiaj teb. Tus huab tais Lavxias ntseeg hais tias Mikhail Yuryevich tuaj yeem piv nrog Pushkin nrog nws cov txuj ci, tab sis nws dhau mus ntxov dhau. Lub npe Pushkin thiab Lermontov tau sau mus ib txhis hauv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam classics.

Fet Afanasy Afanasyevich (1820–1892)

Txawm hais tias lub neej nyuaj, Fet txij thaum nws hluas tau sau cov paj huam zoo uas cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus nyiam. Lub siab dawb paug thiab sov so, nkag mus rau nws txoj hauj lwm, tshuav ib qho kev ceeb toom nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab paj huam. Nws cov paj huam tsim lub hauv paus ntawm nto moo romances. Afanasy Afanasyevich nws tus kheej hu nws tus kheej ua tub rog, nees yug tsiaj, kws sau paj lug thiab txhais lus. Nws lub neej tau sau nrog kev muaj tswv yim, kev phooj ywg nrog Leo Tolstoy thiab saib xyuas cov cuab yeej cuab tam. Fet's contemporaries, nto moo kws sau paj lug ntawm Russia, Turgenev, Tolstoy, Nekrasov, qhuas cov paj huam thiab suab paj nruag ntawm paj huam. Feta.

Nekrasov Nikolai Alekseevich (1821–1878)

Ua tus tub ntawm tus tswv av nplua nuj, Nekrasov tau los ua tus hu nkauj ntawm pej xeem kev nyuaj siab. Nyob rau hauv nws cov paj huam - kev khuv leej rau ib tug yooj yim Lavxias teb sab txiv neej. Qhov tseeb tiag: cov kiv cua paub txog Nekrasov cov txuj ci hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws cov paj huam, tab sis feem ntau ntseeg tias nws cov style yog clumsy, thiab muaj me ntsis artistry nyob rau hauv paj huam. Nws tej hauj lwm txawv ntawm cov paj huam ntawm classical poets nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thiab suab paj nruag. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd cov neeg txawj ntse ntawm Nekrasov thiab nws cov tswv yim tshiab hauv paj huam tau txais txiaj ntsig.

Bunin Ivan Alekseevich (1870–1883)

Ib tus neeg sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam, suav nrog cov yam ntxwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov classics. Nws cov paj huam yog tag nrho ntawm huab cua thiab cov duab. Nws suav hais tias nws tus kheej yog tus kws sau paj huam ntau dua li tus kws sau ntawv, txawm hais tias nws cov lus tsis muaj npe nrov dua nws cov paj huam. Ivan Andreevich sau txog qhov nws nyob. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws txoj haujlwm yog lub neej nws tus kheej thiab kev xyiv fab ntawm kev ua neej nyob, thaum yau thiab hluas, kev kho siab thiab kev xav. Rau nws qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb rau kev sau ntawv, Bunin tau txais txiaj ntsig Nobel hauv xyoo 1913.

Blok Alexander Alexandrovich (1880–1921)

Ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam tsis txwv rau cov classics. Alexander Blok - ib tug ntawm cov hnub qub kws sau paj lug ntawm lub hnub nyoog nyiaj - pib sau paj huam thaum muaj hnub nyoog 5 xyoos. Tau ntau xyoo ntawm lub neej thiab kev muaj tswv yim, nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev muaj tswv yim. Alexander Alexandrovich Blok - tus kws sau paj huam, yog tus mlom ntawm cov tub ntxhais txawj ntse ntawm 20s ntawm lub xyoo pua XX. Nws cov paj huam muaj tsis tau tsuas yog kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov lus artistic thiabcov ntaub ntawv, tab sis kuj muaj lub zog zoo kawg ntawm kev tawm tswv yim thiab kev cuam tshuam. Blok tsis yog tsuas yog ib tug kws sau paj lug xwb, tab sis kuj yog ib tug txawj sau ntawv thiab txawj sau ntawv thuam. Nws nyob ntawm lub lem ntawm ob centuries thiab ob lub sij hawm sib txawv, uas yog vim li cas nws legacy yog incredibly multifaceted thiab mus ib txhis inscribed nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv.

Akhmatova Anna Andreevna (1889–1966)

Nws raug hu ua nymph ntawm Acmeists thiab tus ntsuj plig ntawm Hnub Nyoog Nyiaj. Nws sau txog kev hlub, sib txawv, sensual thiab sublime, thiab tag nrho nws cov paj huam yog tag nrho ntawm ua yeeb yam. Tej hauj lwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv, sib npaug txawj ntse, ua rau nws lub hnub qub ntawm cov kws sau paj lug. Anna Akhmatova txhawb kev qhuas ntawm nws cov kiv cua thiab kev rau txim ntawm cov tub ceev xwm, tab sis nws tsis khoov nyob rau hauv lub luj ntawm koob meej los yog kev iab liam, tseem muaj tseeb rau nws lub siab. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws Akhmatova coj cov sau "Rosary".

Pasternak Boris Leonidovich (1890–1960)

Tsis yog txhua tus tuaj yeem hais Pasternak cov paj huam. Tab sis nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov cov nkauj nto moo "Tsis muaj leej twg yuav nyob hauv tsev", "Tswj taws kub hnyiab" (lossis "Lub caij ntuj no"), "Kuv dhau lawm, tab sis koj tseem ciaj sia" (lossis "Tsuas Cua"), sau los ntawm Boris Leonidovich. Tus kws sau paj huam lub peev xwm tau lees paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb, raws li pov thawj los ntawm Nobel nqi zog hauv Cov Ntawv Sau. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, lub Soviet tsoom fwv tsis tau txais thiab rau txim Pasternak, txawm nws ardent txoj kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub kiv puag ncig. Hauv nws txoj haujlwm, tus kws sau paj huam tau tswj hwm los ua ke lub cev thiab sab ntsuj plig, lub davhlau ntawm kev npau suav thiab grey txhua hnub lub neej. Cov hauj lwm ntawm Shakespeare txhais los ntawm Pasternak tseem suav tias yog canonical.

Tsvetaeva Marina Ivanovna (1892–1941)

Tus kws sau paj huam Lavxias teb sab Marina Tsvetaeva tau nyob thiab ua pa ntawm kev hlub. Tag nrho nws cov paj huam yog hais txog kev hlub, permeated nrog kev hlub. Txhua qhov kev txav ntawm nws tus ntsuj plig tau tshwm sim hauv nws txoj haujlwm. Lawv tham txog cov neeg zoo li no - lawv sau tsis tau tab sis sau txog lawv. Thiab Tsvetaeva tau sau paj huam txog nws tus kheej thiab nws lub siab, muab paj huam rau nws cov neeg hlub thiab hlub. Niaj hnub no, nws txoj hauj lwm occupies ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv. Raws li nws tau hais los yav tom ntej, nws cov paj huam, "zoo li cov cawv muaj txiaj ntsig", tau los. Tsvetaeva cov paj huam tau nyeem thiab kawm raws li kev lees paub ntawm tus kws sau paj huam nto moo tsis yog hauv Russia nkaus xwb, tab sis thoob plaws ntiaj teb.

YMayakovsky Vladimir Vladimirovich (1893-1930)

Singer ntawm cov neeg lub kiv puag ncig, kws sau paj lug thiab playwright, screenwriter, zaj duab xis director, zaj duab xis actor, artist, editor - tag nrho cov no yog hais txog ib tug brightest poets ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Cov neeg thuam tseem sib cav txog Mayakovsky txoj haujlwm, tsis paub tias yuav muab nws li cas ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse tshaj plaws lossis cov neeg txawj ntse. Tus kws sau paj lug Vladimir Kornilov hu ua Mayakovsky txoj hauj lwm poetic hluav taws xob. Thiab qhov hluav taws xob no muaj nyob rau hauv txhua yam - nyob rau hauv lub torn kab ntawm tus ntaiv, nyob rau hauv vwm kev hlub, nyob rau hauv lub siab nyiam uas tus kws sau paj lug cuam nws tus kheej rau txhua yam: los ntawm hu nkauj lub kiv puag ncig mus rau kev twv txiaj. Bold, extraordinary Vladimir Mayakovsky, ib tug kws sau paj lug nto moo, paub deb dhau ciam teb ntawm nws lub teb chaws.

Yesenin Sergei Alexandrovich (1895–1925)

Yesenin txoj haujlwm yog qhov loj thiab ntau yam uas nws tsis tuaj yeem piav ob peb lo lus. Emotional verses or poems full of amazing vitality, puv nrog melancholy thiabkev ntshaw, rhuav tus ntsuj plig nrog lawv txoj kev cia siab. Yesenin yog controversial tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv paj huam. Nws lub neej zoo li lub nkoj nyob saum hiav txwv cua daj cua dub. Ib tug neeg ntxeev siab thiab kev thab plaub, nws paub yuav ua li cas thiaj xav thiab hu nkauj ntawm kev hlub tiag. Nws paub tias Yesenin thiab Mayakovsky tsis tuaj yeem sawv ntsug ib leeg thiab feem ntau thuam, thaum lees paub cov txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm tus neeg sib tw.

Brodsky Joseph Aleksandrovich (1940–1996)

Hais txog cov kws sau paj huam nto moo ntawm Russia, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem hais txog Joseph Brodsky. Tus kws sau paj huam tau txais Nobel nqi zog rau kev sau ntawv hauv xyoo 1986, tab sis raug tsim txom thiab tsim txom hauv nws lub tebchaws. Brodsky hu ua Anna Akhmatova, Marina Tsvetaeva, Osip Mandelstam, Wisten Auden thiab Robert Frost nws cov xib fwb. Brodsky cov paj huam yog ib qho kev xav ntawm nws lub tswv yim, nws txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm tus ntsuj plig. Tab sis cov xwm txheej nyuaj hauv lub neej tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam, thiab cov paj huam tau txais qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm kev txom nyem, mob, thiab kev puas tsuaj. Brodsky suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm cov kws sau paj huam nrov tshaj plaws.

Voznesensky Andrei Andreevich (1933–2010)

Tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov kws sau paj huam ntawm lub rau caum xyoo, Andrei Voznesensky, zoo li ntau ntawm nws cov kwv tij hauv khw, tsis tuaj yeem khav theeb ntawm kev hlub thiab kev hwm rau cov tub ceev xwm. Nws txoj hauj lwm yog hu ua abstract nonsense, epigrams tau sau rau nws thiab caricatures tau kos. Tab sis tus kws sau paj lug muaj peev xwm khaws tau cov txuj ci kom pom cov kab zoo ntawm tus ntsuj plig thiab sau ua ib txoj hauv kev kom kov txhua qhov kev xav ntawm tus nyeem ntawv. Raws li cov hauj lwm ntawm Voznesensky, kev ua yeeb yam yog staged, nkauj thiab romances yog sau. Lub pob zeb Opera "Juno thiab Avos" kuj muaj libretto sau los ntawmVoznesensky.

Yevtushenko Yevgeny Aleksandrovich (1932-2017)

Tus sau cov kab nto moo: "Ib tug kws sau paj lug nyob rau hauv Russia yog ntau tshaj li ib tug kws sau paj lug" mob siab rau nws txoj hauj lwm rau Russia. Ib qho kev nkag siab ntawm kev ua pej xeem, kev sib sau nrog cov neeg tuaj yeem taug qab hauv ntau ntawm nws cov paj huam. Nws raug suav hais tias yog tus kws sau paj huam ntawm nws lub sijhawm. Nws nkag siab txog txhua yam kev xav thiab kev cuam tshuam. Tab sis Yevtushenko kuj sau paj huam lyrical, kov thiab poignant. Txog niaj hnub no, Evgeny Yevtushenko yog ib tus kws sau paj huam uas nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm peb lub sijhawm hauv tebchaws Russia.

Ntau tus neeg yuav tawm tsam tias cov kws sau paj huam nto moo tsis yog 15 tus neeg uas nws lub npe nrov. Niaj hnub no tus nyeem ntawv yuav nco ntsoov Vladimir Vysotsky, Eduard Asadov, Vera Polozkova. Tab sis Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov txuj ci, thiab ib daim ntawv teev, txawm tus ntev tshaj plaws, tsis txaus los npog tag nrho cov zoo creators ntawm yav dhau los thiab tam sim no. Nov yog qee cov kws sau paj huam nrov tshaj plaws ntawm Russia.