Keeb kwm ntawm cov animation hauv Russia

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Zoo, leej twg tsis nyiam cartoons? Tam sim no kev lag luam tau tsim kho kom zoo li cov duab tas luav muaj cov teebmeem tshwj xeeb thiab cov duab uas qee zaum nyuaj rau nco ntsoov cov qub "flat" films nrog cov duab tsis zoo, tsis muaj txhua yam teebmeem, xws li 3D. Cov menyuam yaus niaj hnub no yuav tsis nkag siab tias dab tsi yog cov duab tas luav uas muaj cov cim yas hais txog ib tug noog nrog cheese txhais tau li cas, dab tsi yooj yim luv luv cartoons nrog faded xim thiab me ntsis muffled suab ntawm heroes txhais tau tias, thiab tsis muaj dab tsi hais txog filmstrips!

Keeb kwm ntawm cov animation yog lwm theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm xinesmas, vim tias txij thaum pib, cartoons raug suav hais tias yog ib hom yeeb yaj kiab. Qhov no tshwm sim txawm hais tias cov duab tas luav muaj tsawg dua nrog cov xinesmas dua li kev pleev xim.

Peb tshuav nuj nqis rau Joseph Plateau

Zoo li lwm yam keeb kwm, keeb kwm ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab tau muaj qhov nce thiab nqis, hloov pauv thiab qhov ntev ntev. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov nthuav vim tias kev tsim cov cartoons tau tsim yuav luag tas li thiab txuas ntxiv mus txog tam sim no. Keeb kwm ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm animation yog txuas nrog cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Belgian tus kws tshawb fawb Joseph Plateau. Nws paub tias tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1832ib qho khoom ua si hu ua lub teeb strobe. Tsis zoo li peb cov menyuam yaus yuav ua si nrog cov khoom ua si zoo li no hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, tab sis cov menyuam yaus ntawm xyoo pua 19th nyiam qhov kev lom zem no. Ib qho kev kos duab tau siv rau lub tiaj tiaj tiaj, piv txwv li, ib tus nees khiav (raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm Plateau), thiab tus tom ntej no txawv me ntsis ntawm yav dhau los, uas yog, cov duab kos tau piav qhia txog qhov sib lawv liag ntawm tus tsiaj thaum lub sijhawm. lub dhia. Thaum lub disc tig, nws muab lub tswv yim ntawm daim duab txav.

thawj tus lej

Tab sis txawm nyuaj npaum li cas Yauxej Plato tau sim txhim kho nws qhov kev teeb tsa, nws ua tsis tiav los tsim cov duab tas luav tag nrho. Nws tau muab txoj hauv kev rau Fabkis tus txiv neej Émile Reynaud, uas tau tsim cov cuab yeej zoo sib xws hu ua praxinoscope, uas muaj lub tog raj kheej nrog tib cov duab kos rau nws raws li hauv stroboscope.

Qhov no yog qhov keeb kwm ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab pib. Twb tau nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, tus Frenchman nrhiav tau ib tug me me kho qhov muag ua yeeb yam, qhov uas nws qhia sawv daws 15 feeb ntawm comic ua yeeb yam. Sij hawm dhau mus, kev teeb tsa tau hloov pauv, lub kaw lus ntawm daim iav thiab teeb pom kev zoo tau ntxiv, uas, tau kawg, tau coj lub ntiaj teb los ze zog rau qhov kev ua yeeb yam zoo li zaj duab xis.

Animation rau thawj xyoo caum ntawm nws lub neej txuas ntxiv txhim kho hauv Fabkis nrog rau kev ua yeeb yam thiab xinesmas. Tus thawj coj paub zoo Emile Kohl tau nto moo rau nws qhov kev ua yeeb yam zoo heev, tab sis tseem cov animation hooked nws ntau dua, thiab xyoo 1908 nws "kos" nws thawj daim duab kos. Txhawm rau ua tiav qhov tseeb, Kohl siv cov duab thiab theej cov khoom los ntawm lub neej, tab sis tseem nws lub hlwb yogzoo li zaj movie tawm tshiab.

Tus kws ntaus pob tesniv ntawm kev ua yeeb yam - tus tsim ntawm kev ua yeeb yam hauv tebchaws Russia

Raws li rau Lavxias teb sab cov duab hauv kev ua yeeb yaj kiab, lawv coj cov duab tas luav mus rau theem tshiab, tam sim no cov cim yog menyuam roj hmab. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1906, thawj domestic cartoons tau tsim, los ntawm cov keeb kwm ntawm animation nyob rau hauv Russia pib. Alexander Shiryaev, choreographer ntawm Mariinsky Theatre, kho ib tug tas luav featuring 12 dancing puppets.

Ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab luv luv sau rau ntawm 1.5 cm dav zaj duab xis tig tawm ua haujlwm ntau dhau. Rau peb lub hlis, Alexander tau khiav los ntawm lub koob yees duab mus rau qhov tsim nws tus kheej ntau zaus uas nws txawm so ib lub qhov hauv pem teb. Shiryaev cov menyuam roj hmab tsis yog tsuas yog txav mus los ntawm qhov chaw, zoo li cov dab, lawv dhia, tig hauv huab cua thiab ua qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, zoo li muaj sia nyob. Cov keeb kwm nto moo thiab cov animators tseem tsis tuaj yeem nthuav tawm qhov zais cia ntawm cov haujlwm no ntawm cov cim. Hais qhov koj nyiam, tab sis keeb kwm ntawm kev ua yeeb yaj kiab hauv tsev yog qhov nyuaj thiab teeb meem loj, yog li txawm tias cov kws tshaj lij tshaj lij tsis tas yuav tswj kom nkag siab txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib qho cuab yeej tshwj xeeb.

Vladislav Starevich yog qhov ci "tus cwj pwm" ntawm Lavxias cov animation

Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov animation yog txuam nrog cov npe ntawm Fabkis cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov thawj coj. Vladislav Starevich yog ib tug "dawb cw" ntawm cov neeg txawv teb chaws, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv 1912 nws tuaj nrog ib tug tiag tiag 3D tas luav! Tsis yog, keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab animation tseem tsis tau mus txog qhov chaw uas tib neeg xav txog hnavcov tsom iav tshwj xeeb, tus neeg no tau tsim ib tus menyuam roj hmab ntev ntev. Nws yog xim dub thiab dawb, coj txawv txawv thiab txawm tias txaus ntshai, vim nws nyuaj me ntsis los ua cov cim zoo nkauj nrog koj txhais tes.

Daim duab tas luav no hu ua "Tus Zoo Nkauj Lucanida, lossis Tsov Rog ntawm Hornets thiab Mustaches", qhov txaus nyiam tshaj plaws yog Vladislav Starevich siv kab hauv nws txoj haujlwm, uas tsis yog qhov xwm txheej, vim nws nyiam cov no. creatures. Nws yog los ntawm tus neeg no uas cartoons nrog lub ntsiab lus pib, vim Starevich ntseeg tias zaj duab xis yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog lom zem, tab sis kuj muaj qee yam subtext. Thiab feem ntau, nws cov yeeb yaj kiab tau xeeb los ua qee yam kev qhia hauv biology txog kab, tus kws kos duab nws tus kheej tsis xav txog tias nws yuav tsim kev kos duab tiag tiag.

Starevich tsis nres ntawm Lukanida ib leeg, tom qab ntawd nws tsim cov duab tas luav raws li dab neeg, tam sim no lawv pib zoo li qee yam dab neeg.

Soviet duab

keeb kwm ntawm Soviet cov yeeb yaj kiab pib xyoo 1924, thaum ob peb tus kws ua yeeb yam tsim cov duab kos duab loj heev ntawm Kultkino studio niaj hnub no. Ntawm lawv yog "German Affairs thiab Deeds", "Soviet Toys", "Ib Case hauv Tokyo" thiab lwm yam. Kev nrawm ntawm kev tsim ib qho tas luav tau nce ntxiv, yog tias cov animators ua ntej ua haujlwm ntawm ib qhov project rau lub hlis, tam sim no lub sij hawm tau txo mus rau 3 lub lis piam (ntau dua nyob rau hauv tsawg zaus). Qhov no tau ua tiav ua tsaug rau kev ua tiav hauv kev siv thev naus laus zis. Cov kws kos duab twb muaj cov qauv tiaj tus uas txuag lub sijhawm thiab ua cov txheej txheemtsim ib tug tas luav yog tsawg lub sij hawm siv. Cov animation ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau ua rau lub ntiaj teb muaj ntau cov duab kos uas tseem ceeb tsis yog hauv Russia nkaus xwb, tab sis thoob plaws ntiaj teb.

Alexander Ptushko

Tus neeg no kuj tau pab txhawb nqa peb cov yeeb yaj kiab. Nws yog ib tug kws tsim qauv los ntawm kev cob qhia thiab kuj tau ua haujlwm hauv kev ua haujlwm engineering. Tab sis thaum nws mus rau Mosfilm, nws pom tau hais tias kev tsim cov duab kos duab yog nws hu. Nyob ntawd nws muaj peev xwm coj tau nws txoj kev txawj tsim vaj tsev, thiab kuj tau pab tsim lub hauv paus zoo ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab nto moo tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia.

Nws tau muaj npe nrov tshwj xeeb tom qab tsim cov duab tas luav "New Gulliver" xyoo 1935. Tsis yog, qhov no tsis yog qhov sib tshooj ntawm cov ntawv sau rau ntawm zaj dab neeg, qhov no yog ib hom kev rov ua dua ntawm Gulliver's Travels raws li USSR. Thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab tshiab hauv Ptushko txoj haujlwm yog tias nws muaj peev xwm ua ke ob qho tib si sib txawv hauv kev lag luam ua yeeb yaj kiab: tas luav thiab ua yeeb yam. Tam sim no cov kev xav ntawm cov menyuam roj hmab, tus cwj pwm loj, kev ua ub no tshwm sim hauv cartoons, kev ua haujlwm los ntawm tus tswv tau pom tseeb. Keeb kwm ntawm animation rau cov menyuam yaus nrog cov cim zoo thiab zoo nkauj pib nws qhov kev suav rov qab los ntawm Ptushko.

Tsis ntev nws dhau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub studio tshiab tas luav Soyuzdetmultfilm, tab sis vim qee qhov nws tso nws txoj haujlwm tom qab ib ntus, tom qab ntawd tsuas yog tias nws xaus yog paub txog nws cov yeeb yam animation. Alexander txiav txim siab los mob siab rau nws tus kheej rau cov yeeb yaj kiab. Tab sis hauv nws cov yeeb yaj kiab ntxiv, nws tau siv "chips" ntawm animation.

W alt Disney thiab nws"pab pub dawb"

Nws hloov tawm tias keeb kwm ntawm kev ua yeeb yaj kiab hauv tebchaws Russia tau tsim thiab sib sau ua ke tsis yog los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb Lavxias, cov kws tshawb fawb thiab tsuas yog cov neeg nyiam tas luav, W alt Disney nws tus kheej tau nthuav tawm Moscow Film Festival nrog rau tag nrho cov lus ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab zoo nrog ib tug tas luav kos los ntawm txhua tus neeg nyiam txog qhov zoo qub Mickey Mouse. Peb tus thawj coj hauv tebchaws Fyodor Khitruk tau zoo siab heev los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm tus ncej thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev kos duab uas nws pom tau tias peb xav tau tib yam! Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv Russia txog tam sim no tsuas muaj cov menyuam dev ua yeeb yam nrog, muab tso rau nws me me, cov khoom ua si tsis tuaj yeem pom. Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog lub siab xav txhim kho, ib tug studio paub rau tag nrho cov Soviet thiab post-Soviet cov me nyuam, Soyuzmultfilm, tau tsim.

"Soyuzmultfilm" - corporation ntawm nostalgia

Xyoo 1935, peb cov animators paub tias nws yog lub sijhawm los hloov qee yam hauv lub neej ntawm cov duab kos, nws yog lub sijhawm pov cov menyuam roj hmab qub thiab pib ua tej yam loj. Lub koom haum ntawm ntau lub studios me me tau tawg thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws tau pib tsim cov haujlwm loj dua, ntau tus neeg thuam hais tias keeb kwm ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab pib txij lub sijhawm no hauv peb lub tebchaws. Thawj cov hauj lwm ntawm lub studio yog heev dhuav, raws li lawv tau mob siab rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev vam meej nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, tab sis nyob rau hauv 1940 cov kws tshwj xeeb ntawm Leningrad tsiv mus rau Moscow Union. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias tom qab ntawd, tsis muaj dab tsi zoo tshwm sim, txij li thaum tsov rog pib, txhua lub koom haum muaj lub hom phiaj meej - los tsa lub siab nyiam ntawm tib neeg.

Btom qab tsov rog lub sij hawm muaj ib tug ntse nce nyob rau hauv cov theem ntawm zus tau tej cov cartoons. Tus neeg saib tsis pom qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov duab ib txwm muaj thiab tsis yog cov menyuam roj hmab ib txwm muaj, tab sis cov cim tseeb thiab cov dab neeg nthuav. Tag nrho cov no tau ua tiav los ntawm kev siv cov cuab yeej tshiab, twb tau sim los ntawm American comrade W alt Disney thiab nws lub studio. Piv txwv li, xyoo 1952, engineers tsim ib lub koob yees duab raws nraim li ntawm Disney studio. Cov txheej txheem tshiab ntawm kev tua raug tsim (cov nyhuv ntawm cov duab ntim) thiab cov qub tau coj mus rau automatism. Lub sijhawm no, cartoons coj lawv lub plhaub tshiab, es tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov menyuam yaus "cov yeeb yaj kiab" muaj cov kev kawm thiab cov ntawv sau ua haujlwm. Ntxiv nrog rau cov yeeb yaj kiab luv luv, cov duab tas luav tau raug tua, xws li Snow Queen. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm creation ntawm Soyuzmultfilm, keeb kwm ntawm animation nyob rau hauv Russia pib. Rau cov menyuam yaus hnub no, txawm tias muaj kev hloov pauv me me tau pom thiab txawm tias cov yeeb yaj kiab luv tshaj plaws tau txais txiaj ntsig.

1980s-1990s

Tom qab muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab, cov duab kos duab hauv Soviet tau pib zoo txij thaum xyoo 1970. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo caum uas xws li ib tug nto moo tas luav li "Hedgehog nyob rau hauv lub Fog" tshwm, uas tau saib, tej zaum, tag nrho cov me nyuam yug ua ntej 2000s. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tshwj xeeb nce hauv kev ua ntawm cov neeg sib tw tau pom nyob rau hauv 80s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, tus naas ej tas luav zaj duab xis los ntawm Roman Kachanov "The Secret of the Third Planet" tau tso tawm. Nws tshwm sim xyoo 1981.

Daim duab no yeej lub siab ntawm ntau tus menyuam thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, thiab cov laus tsis uadisdained saib nws, kom ncaj ncees. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, tus naas ej "Plasticine Crow" raug tso tawm, cim lub sij hawm tuaj txog ntawm ib tug tshiab animator, Alexander Tatarsky, nyob rau hauv lub Ekran studio. Ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, tib tus kws tshaj lij tsim cov duab tas luav "Lwm Sab Hnub Tuaj", lub npe uas ntxias koj kom paub seb muaj dab tsi nyob rau sab nraud ntawm lub hli?

Y Tab sis plasticine tsuas yog "paj", vim hais tias nyob rau hauv Sverdlovsk, uas nquag koom nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws animation kev ua ub no, tas luav films tau tsim siv iav. Tom qab ntawd lub iav artist Alexander Petrov los ua nto moo. Ntawm cov duab kos iav no yog "Cov Dab Neeg ntawm Tshis", tso tawm xyoo 1985.

Qhov kawg ntawm xyoo 1980 yog cim los ntawm kev sib tw ntse thiab ntxhib hauv daim duab, cov duab tsis zoo thiab qhov muag plooj, qhov no yooj yim pom hauv qhov piv txwv ntawm Koloboks ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb. Qhov kev zam no zoo li tus kab mob uas kis thoob plaws ntiaj teb ntawm kev ua yeeb yaj kiab hauv tsev, tsuas yog ob peb tus kws ua yeeb yam tau tshem tawm tus cwj pwm ntawm kev kos duab sloppy, txawm hais tias nws tuaj yeem hu ua kev sib cais, xws li hauv kev pleev xim.

Nyob rau hauv lub 90s, Russia pib koom tes nrog txawv teb chaws studios, ntxias kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus thiab, ua ke nrog txawv teb chaws tshwj xeeb, tsim tas luav tas luav. Txawm li cas los xij, tseem, cov kws ua yeeb yaj kiab nyiam tshaj plaws nyob hauv tsev, nrog lawv txoj kev pab, keeb kwm ntawm kev ua yeeb yam hauv peb lub teb chaws txuas ntxiv mus.

Cartoon today

Tom qab kev poob ntawm Soviet Union, kev kub ntxhov tsis yog nyob hauv lub tebchaws nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj yog lub neej ntawm kev ua yeeb yam. Nws zoo li keeb kwm ntawm animation rau cov menyuam yaus, nrog rau cov neeg laus,tiav lawm. Studios tshwm sim tsuas yog vim kev tshaj tawm thiab tsis tshua muaj xaj. Tab sis tseem, thaum lub sij hawm ntawd muaj tej hauj lwm uas yeej ib qho khoom plig ("Tus Neeg Laus thiab Hiav Txwv" thiab "Lub Caij Ntuj Sov Zaj Dab Neeg"). Soyuzmultfilm kuj raug rhuav tshem, cov tub ceev xwm muag tag nrho cov cai rau cov cartoons thiab ua rau lub studio puas tag.

Tab sis twb yog xyoo 2002, Russia thawj zaug siv lub khoos phis tawj los tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab, thiab txawm tias "muaj teeb meem" lub sijhawm hauv keeb kwm ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab, kev ua haujlwm ntawm Lavxias cov animators tau txaus siab rau qhov chaw hauv ntiaj teb kev sib tw.

Nyob rau xyoo 2006, kev tsim cov cartoons rov pib dua hauv tebchaws Russia, "Prince Vladimir", "Dwarf Nose" tau tawm los. Tshiab studios tshwm sim: Melnitsa thiab Solnechny Dom.

Tab sis nws tau dhau los ua qhov zoo siab heev, vim tias 3 xyoos tom qab tso tawm cov yeeb yaj kiab nto moo kawg, qhov teeb meem dub tau pib. Ntau lub studios raug kaw, thiab lub xeev tau tso tseg los txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab animation.

Tam sim no ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv hauv tsev tso tawm cov duab tas luav uas txhua tus nyiam, qee zaum cov dab neeg tsis haum rau hauv ib teev-ntev zaj duab xis, yog li koj yuav tsum kos 2-3, lossis ntau dua. Txog tam sim no, tsis muaj qhov ua tsis tiav hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev ua yeeb yam hauv tebchaws Russia.

Txhua yam koj hais, txawm tias cov neeg laus nyiam saib cov duab tas luav thiab qee zaum ua rau nws mob siab dua li lawv cov menyuam yaus, thiab txhua tus vim tias cov duab kos niaj hnub no ci ntsa iab, nthuav thiab lom zem. Tam sim no lawv tsis tuaj yeem muab piv nrog cov menyuam dev, qhov twg kab laum thiab lwm yam kab koom. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua kauj ruam uas keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab animation "nce"tseem ceeb, vim lawv txhua tus coj mus rau qhov zoo tag nrho.