Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm hauv tebchaws Russia: qhib sijhawm, duab thiab tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov neeg ncig tebchaws

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Txhua lub tseemfwv tshiab xav tawm qhov cim tsis tau ntawm lub xeev keeb kwm. Lub kaum hli ntuj kiv puag ncig ntawm 1917 tau hloov ntau heev nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Russia. Ob xyoos tom qab muaj kev kub ntxhov ntawm kev nom kev tswv, lub tsev khaws puav pheej rau qhov kev tshwm sim tau qhib hauv Petrograd. Symbolically, qhib tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no Palace. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau txais lub npe ntawm Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj Revolution, tam sim no nws yog Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm.

Tsev khaws puav pheej chaw nyob, qhib sijhawm

Lub tsev khaws puav pheej nyob ntawm Kuibyshev Street, 2-4. Nws yog qhov yooj yim heev rau kev mus rau nws, nws nyob ze ntawm Gorkovskaya metro chaw nres tsheb. Koj tuaj yeem tsav tsheb los ntawm Petrogradskaya chaw nres tsheb los ntawm minibuses No. 46, No. 76; los ntawm "Finlyandsky Chaw Nres Tsheb" los ntawm minibuses No. 30, No. 183 lossis tsheb npav 49; los ntawm "Sportivnaya" los ntawm minibus No. 183.

Yog tias koj tuaj txog ntawm kev ncig saib xyuas hauv St. Petersburg, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm tuaj yeem tuaj xyuas lub sijhawm yooj yim: txhua hnub los ntawm10:00 teev sawv ntxov txog 6:00 teev tsaus ntuj, qhov chaw pib pib qhib txog 5:00 teev tsaus ntuj. Hnub Wednesday, nws qhib txog 20:00, pib lub sijhawm ua haujlwm pib txij 10:00 txog 19:00.

History of the creation of the museum

Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm ntawm Russia (yav tas los Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kev Tawm Tsam) tau muaj txij thaum Lub Kaum Hli 9, 1919. Nws yog Ameslikas muab tso rau hauv lub caij ntuj no Palace ntawm ob pem teb. Cov duab keeb kwm nto moo, kab lis kev cai thiab kev tshawb fawb tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim: A. V. Lunacharsky, Maxim Gorky, Academician Oldenburg, populists Novorussky, Figner, Morozov. Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov creators ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog qhia rau cov neeg txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub ntiaj teb no revolutionary zog. Nyob rau hauv thawj kaum xyoo, sau tau tsim uas qhia txog cov chav kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Russia (pib nrog lub uprising ntawm Yemelyan Pugachev thiab ua ntej kev tsim kho ntawm socialism nyob rau hauv lub xeev), nyob rau sab hnub poob (los ntawm lub Fabkis bourgeois kiv puag ncig mus rau lub Communist International)..

Thawj cov qhua tuaj ntawm no thaum Lub Ib Hlis 11, 1920. Tau ntau xyoo lawm, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Txoj Cai Keeb Kwm ntawm St. Petersburg tau rov hloov nws lub tswv yim kev tshawb fawb, thiab, raws li, nws lub npe. Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj Socialist Revolution tau hloov npe raws sijhawm thiab raug cai. Nws tau raug hu ua Xeev Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm txij li xyoo 1991.

Txiv mus rau Kuibyshev Street

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, uas yog nyob rau hauv 1957, lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau pauv mus rau Kuibyshevskaya Street. Rau nws cov kev xav tau, ob lub tsev loj tau faib, yav dhau los yog tus tswv ntawm lub ci ntsa iab prima ballerina Matilda Kshesinskaya thiab cov tub lag luam loj Brant.

MansionKshesinskaya tau tsim raws li tus qauv tsim ntawm tus kws kos duab nto moo Gauguin hauv xyoo 1904-1906. Thaum lub sij hawm 1917 kiv puag ncig, ballerina lub tsev tau hloov mus rau hauv Bolshevik lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm. Pawg Central Committee ntawm Party, Pravda Soldiers' Club thiab Pawg Tub Rog nyob ntawm no. Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, Zinoviev, Trotsky thiab ntau tus neeg hais lus tau hais los ntawm lub sam thiaj ntawm lub tsev loj nrog lawv cov lus thov rau cov neeg. Tam sim no, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm nthuav tawm rau cov neeg tuaj saib hauv chav ua haujlwm ntawm V. I. Lenin. Lub tsev thib ob (ntawm Baron Brant) tau teev npe ntawm cov vaj tsev monuments ntawm lub nroog. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1909, tsim los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse Meltzer.

Nyob rau xyoo 1955-57, raws li lub tswv yim ntawm tus kws kos duab Nadezhin, ob lub tsev loj no tau muab tso ua ke rau hauv ib qho chaw. Ntawm no yog nyob rau hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Great Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj Socialist Revolution. Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 5, 1957, nws tau qhib ntawm qhov chaw tshiab. Nyob rau hauv 1972, nws pib muaj nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim ntawm Ministry of Culture, tau teev raws li ib ceg ntawm lub Central Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm lub kiv puag ncig ntawm lub USSR.

New concepts

Cov thawj coj thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tshawb fawb ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej nyob rau xyoo 70s ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum pib tsim lub tswv yim tshiab ntawm kev nthuav qhia. Tom qab ntawd ib txoj haujlwm tshiab rau kev tsim kho ntawm txhua qhov kev nthuav tawm tau tshwm sim. Nws tau npaj los tsim kho lub tsev cia puav pheej tshiab tshaj plaws hauv peb theem. Xyoo 1987 thawj qhov kev nthuav tawm tau qhib. Xyoo 1989, vim muaj cov xwm txheej kev nom kev tswv uas tshwm sim hauv Russia, cov kev qhib tom ntej tau raug ncua. Cov tswv yim ntawm cov lus nthuav tawm tshiab tsis sib haum rau qhov tseeb ntawm lub sijhawm. raug cojkev txiav txim siab los tsim cov ntsiab lus tshiab ntawm kev nthuav tawm, kev kawm, kev ua ub no ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej.

Renaming the museum

Nyob rau xyoo 1991, Ministry of Culture hauv USSR tau txiav txim siab hloov lub npe Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kev Tawm Tsam rau hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm ntawm Russia. Nws tau muab txoj cai ntawm lub xeev. Lub parade ntawm sovereignties nyob rau hauv 1990s kuj cuam tshuam cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev cia puav pheej. Yuav kom tswj tau lawv txoj kev ywj pheej, nyob twj ywm, lawv yuav tsum sib txawv. Cov neeg ua haujlwm tau pib npaj cov kev nthuav qhia nthuav dav, lawv tau hais txog cov xwm txheej xav paub uas tsis yog kev cai los tham txog ua ntej. Tam sim no lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Txoj Cai Keeb Kwm ntawm St. Petersburg tab tom nthuav tawm kev lag luam, kev nom kev tswv thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Lavxias haiv neeg txij li xyoo 19th txog rau xyoo pua 21.

Modern exhibitions

Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum yog qhov tsis meej pem hauv kev nom kev tswv, tam sim no, thaum lub neej ntws ntsuas, nws tau nkag mus rau nws qhov kev kawm ib txwm muaj, Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm ntawm Russia niaj hnub txaus siab rau cov neeg tuaj saib nrog kev nthuav qhia.

Cov lus nthuav tawm suav nrog ntau yam xwm txheej keeb kwm, los ntawm Decembrist uprising mus rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, qhia txog lub reign ntawm Catherine II, txog kev hloov kho ntawm Alexander II thiab Minister Witte, txog lub coronations ntawm Lavxias teb sab emperors. Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm kuj nthuav tawm cov khoom siv niaj hnub tshiab uas tau tsim "hauv kev nrhiav kub". Muaj ib zaug, cov ntaub ntawv tuaj ntawm Afghanistan, Abkhazia, Chechnya.

Lub Xeev Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm ntawm Russia yog qhov tshwj xeeb, tsuas yog ib qho hauv St.uas qhia txog kev hloov pauv hauv kev txhim kho ntawm lub xeev Lavxias, cov xwm txheej hauv pej xeem lub neej, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov nom tswv, tog, thiab cov tub ceev xwm. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej sau muaj ntau tshaj plaub puas txhiab ntau yam khoom pov thawj, cov ntaub ntawv tau hloov kho tas li raws li cov teeb meem tam sim no thiab cov xwm txheej hauv zej zog. Kev mus ncig ua si hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab txaus siab rau cov tub ntxhais kawm theem siab.

Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm Tub Ceev Xwm

Lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm yog nyob rau ntawm kaum ntawm Admir alteisky Prospekt thiab Gorokhovaya Street, 2. Nws qhib txhua hnub (tshwj tsis yog hnub Saturday thiab Hnub Sunday) thaum 10 teev sawv ntxov txog 6 teev tsaus ntuj. Koj tuaj yeem xaj kev mus ncig hauv xov tooj: 312-27-42.

Ntawm no yog qhov nthuav qhia rau keeb kwm ntawm Russia tus tub ceev xwm nom tswv. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej ib zaug tau koom nrog St. Petersburg City Administration. Txij li thaum xyoo 1875, lub npe hu ua "Okhranka" (Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb) tau nyob ntawm no. Tom qab ntawd nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw no: lub gendarme department, lub nroog tub ceev xwm. Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig ntawm 1917, lub npe nrov Cheka (Extraordinary Commission for Combating Sabotage, Counter-Revolutionaries) nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw nyob. Txog xyoo 1932, OGPU kuj nyob ntawm no.

museum exhibits

Kev nthuav tawm nthuav tawm lub chaw ua haujlwm rov tsim dua ntawm tus thawj tub ceev xwm (lig 19th - thaum ntxov xyoo pua 20th). Cov neeg nto moo ua haujlwm hauv nws: Sudeikin, Piramidov, Sekerinsky. Nyob rau hauv 1917, lub batton raug coj los ntawm nto moo "Iron Felix" - tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Cheka Dzerzhinsky. Nyob ntawmKev nug nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub sij hawm sib txawv tau mus xyuas los ntawm cov duab xws li Rysakov, Lenin, Yemelyanov, Verkhovskoy, Kokovtsev, Blok thiab ntau lwm tus.

Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm (ib ceg ntawm keeb kwm ntawm tub ceev xwm) hauv nws cov lus nthuav tawm nthuav tawm cov duab zoo nkauj ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav nom tswv los ntawm 1826 txog 1917, cov ntaub ntawv qub, duab thiab cov ntawv teev npe ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv, ceeb toom los ntawm Cov kev pabcuam zais cia, cov duab ntawm cov neeg ua pov thawj thiab cov neeg tawm tsam, cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntawv sau los ntawm lub sijhawm "Liab ntshai", cov ntawv los ntawm cov neeg raug kaw thiab ntau ntxiv. Cov khoom sau tau ntxiv nrog cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg ntawm KGB, FSB.

Kev kub ntxhov hauv tebchaws Russia nyob rau xyoo 90s ua rau nws tuaj yeem saib ntau yam hauv txoj kev tshiab. Thawj zaug, nws nyob ntawm no tias cov ntaub ntawv, duab, cov khoom ntiag tug ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo tib yam thiab cov thawj coj ntawm KGB, Cheka, thiab FSB tau tshaj tawm rau pej xeem. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho - ntau tshaj ob puas khoom pov thawj. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom cov ntawv ceeb toom video: kev tawm tsam CIA thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv FSB chaw ua haujlwm nrog Chechen fighters (Grozny).

Visitor reviews

Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm (St. Petersburg) tawm tsis muaj leej twg tsis quav ntsej. Muaj pes tsawg tus neeg tuaj xyuas, ntau qhov kev xav txog kev nthuav qhia, kev sau. Ib tug neeg xav tias lub tsev khaws puav pheej zoo dua rau cov neeg laus tuaj xyuas, cov menyuam yaus tsis nyob ntawm no. Cov uas nyiam thiab txaus siab rau keeb kwm tsuas yog zoo siab rau qhov lawv tau pom thiab hnov ntawm no. Ntau tus neeg tawm ntawm lawv qhov kev tshuaj xyuas, ua qhov no txhawm rau nthuav tawm lawv cov kev xav thiab nyiam cov neeg uas tseem tsis tau mus rau qhov chaw txaus nyiam no.

Yog li, qee tus neeg hu qhov chaw no ua ke ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Yuav ua li caspiav qhov no? Lub tsev loj ntawm lub refined prima ballerina tau hloov mus rau hauv Bolshevik chaw, qhov twg lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm lub kiv puag ncig tau qhib nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm.

Nws tseem hais ntxiv tias lub tsev khaws puav pheej no tsis meej rau cov menyuam yaus. Muaj ntau yam nyeem, xav, xav hauv qhov chaw no.

Ntau yam hauv lawv cov kev tshuaj xyuas kuj piav qhia txog kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm Art Nouveau lub tsev uas ib zaug koom nrog Kshesinskaya. Lub tsev loj tau nyob los ntawm Bolsheviks, ntawm no Lenin tau hais los ntawm lub sam thiaj. Cov qhua hais li cas? Kev nthuav qhia yog mob siab rau ntau lub sijhawm ntawm Russia txoj kev loj hlob, ntau xim tau them rau lub sijhawm Soviet. Muaj ntau yam nthuav rau menyuam yaus ntawm no. Tshwj xeeb thematic excursions thiab lectures muaj rau lawv. Phillipka lub tsev kawm ntawv qhia txog yuav ua li cas cov me nyuam tau kawm nyob rau hauv tsarist Russia. Cov chav kawm muaj nyob rau hauv ib chav uas lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob deb nroog tau tsim dua tshiab. Kev cob qhia khoom siv tes ua muaj nyob rau hnub so.

Tim neeg kuj hais tias tsim nyog tuaj rau hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej mloog cov lus tso dag proletarian. Kev txaus siab yog tshwm sim los ntawm ntau lub suab nyees khawm uas rov hais lus nom tswv. Nws yuav nthuav rau txhua tus neeg uas kawm keeb kwm nrog kev txaus siab hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv Soviet.

Lub tsev zaum kawg ntxim nyiam tshwj xeeb. Qhov no yog hais txog lub txim tuag. Nyob rau ntawm phab ntsa yog excerpts los ntawm phau ntawv teev cov neeg raug txim, lawv cov ntawv rau cov txheeb ze. Mob, poob siab cia li txias tus ntsuj plig. Cov neeg tuaj saib tau raug caw kom muab lawv "pov npav" rau lossis tawm tsam lub txim tuag rau hauv lub khob iav.