2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Tus kws ua yeeb yam keeb kwm Hieronymus Bosch suav tias yog ib tus kws tshaj lij thiab paub tsis meej tshaj plaws ntawm Netherlands. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th, nws tsis tau tso ntau cov duab rau lub ntiaj teb no. Daim duab "Ncaj Ntoo Khaub Lig", sau nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm 1490-1500, yog ib tug luam ntawm phau Vajlugkub zaj dab neeg "Txoj kev ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig ntawm Yexus Khetos." Kev ua haujlwm evokes kev xav muaj zog. Bosch pleev xim peb daim duab ntawm tib lub npe, txhua tus muaj ntau yam qhia rau peb.
15-16th century Dutch art
Nyob hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev kos duab ntawm 15th-16th centuries. Hauv Holland lawv hu nws Northern Renaissance. Lub sijhawm no tuaj yeem sau hnub rau European Renaissance, tab sis nrog rau sab qaum teb. Hauv kev kos duab, Gothic style tseem kav, tsuas yog nrog kev ntseeg muaj zog overtones. Bosch txoj hauj lwm kov nyob rau tom qab lub sij hawm ntawm lub Renaissance, tab sis kuj ua raws nws lub ntsiab canons.
Daim duab "Nyobntoo khaub lig" Hieronymus Bosch tau sau raws li tag nrho cov cai ntawm Gothic style ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, tau nqis peev rau hauv nws txoj kev tsim qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev lim hiam ntawm nws lub sijhawm thiab qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm ib puag ncig kev muaj tiag.
YHieronymus Bosch
Jeroen van Aken yug nyob ib ncig ntawm 1450s hauv Duchy ntawm Brabant hauv Netherlands. Nws txiv thiab yawg yog ob leeg ua yeeb yam, yog li tsis xav tias Bosch txiav txim siab txuas ntxiv rau tsev neeg khoom siv tes ua.
Tom qab nws txiv tuag hauv 1478, Jerome tau txais nws lub rooj cob qhia kos duab. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau txais kev lees paub tias yog ib tus kws kos duab tsuas yog tom qab kev sib yuav zoo rau ib tug ntxhais los ntawm tsev neeg ua lag luam muaj nyiaj.
Nyob rau xyoo 1486 tus kws kos duab tau koom nrog kev ntseeg cov kwv tij uas mob siab rau Virgin Mary. Qhov no tau tshwm sim los ntawm qhov loj hauv tag nrho nws cov haujlwm. Ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm no yuav yog cov haujlwm nto moo ntawm Hieronymus Bosch - "Ncaj Hla".
Bosch tuag rau lub yim hli ntuj 9, 1516 nyob rau hauv nws hometown ntawm 's-Hertogenbosch.
bible dab neeg
Hauv Phau Tshiab, zaj dab neeg ntawm Yexus Khetos tau piav qhia meej txaus. "Txoj Kev Hla" yog ib lub sijhawm ntawm kaum plaub phau Vajlugkub. Tom qab Yexus raug txim tuag lawm, nws txawm muab tus ntoo khaub lig uas nws yuav raug ntsia saum ntoo khaub lig thiab coj nws mus rau qhov chaw tua. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev nyuaj ntawm Khetos tau piav qhia, qhov twg, nyob rau hauv qhov hnyav ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig, nws tsis tuaj yeem sawv thiab ntog ob peb zaug. Ntawm txoj kev, nws ntsib nws niam thiab muaj kev khuv leej cov neeg uas pab nws nqa nws tus ntoo khaub lig. Saint Veronica so lub ntsej muag ntawm Tswv Yexus, uas tseem yuav muab tso rau hauv Bosch cov duab. Tom qab lub caij nplooj zeeg thib peb, nws raug rho tawm ntawm nws cov khaub ncaws. Cov tub ceev xwm lim hiam thiabua rau Yexus poob ntsej muag. Qhov kev lim hiam no yuav raug ntes nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag dab tuag hauv tus kws kos duab. Tom qab Yexus Khetos raug ntsia saum ntoo khaub lig, nws tuag hauv kev txom nyem txaus ntshai. Ces nws lub cev yuav muab tso rau hauv lub hleb thiab muab faus.
Kev piav qhia ntawm daim duab
Bosch tau pleev xim peb daim duab "Ncaj Hla", tab sis lawv txhua tus tau mob siab rau ib ntu ntawm phau Vajlugkub zaj dab neeg. Txoj kev ntawm Khetos mus rau Golgotha nyuaj tsis yog lub cev xwb, tab sis tseem ceeb tshaj txhua yam kev xav. Cov neeg nyob ib ncig ntawm nws tau muab faib ua ob lub chaw pw - cov neeg uas gloated thiab cov uas ua siab mos siab muag rau lawv tus xib fwb.
Cov lus piav qhia ntawm daim duab "Nyob Ntoo Khaub Lig" yuav tsum pib nrog cov duab ntawm cov neeg no, uas nws cov duab, qias neeg tag nrho, sib xyaw nrog kev xav tsis zoo thiab tu siab. Lub ntsej muag ntawm cov cim hauv daim duab yog caricature ntau dua li qhov tseeb, lawv zoo li tau sawv hauv ntuj txiag teb tsaus thiab hauv lawv cov lus thuam zoo li dab ntxwg nyoog ntau dua li tib neeg.
Txhua daim duab hauv nruab nrab yog Yexus Khetos. Nwg txhad nyo nyo hau huv tug ntoo khaublig, hab nwg kuj yog ib qho nyuaj rua nwg nyob rua huv qhov luj kws npau tawg taab meeg nwg ntawm cov tuabneeg kws nyob ib ncig ntawm nwg.
Ntau cov ntsiab lus ntawm "Ncaj Hla" paintings thiab piav qhia hauv qab no.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsa sawv daws.
Nws tsim nyog hais luv luv txog cov style uas tag nrho peb daim duab tau sau. Mannerism txhais li "mannered". Ib tug txawv feature yog cov distorted neeg thiab ntsej muag. Cov style no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov duab tsis tseeb, cov duab zoo nkauj thiab kev cai dab qhuas motifs. Lub sijhawm ntawm paintings overloaded nrog cov ntsiab lus, tsis muaj tseebcov ntaub ntawv, crumpled style thiab storyline. Tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, qhov ci ntawm cov duab, immersion nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus thiab pretentiousness ntawm depicted khoom.
Bosch pleev xim rau "Ncaj Ntoo Khaub Lig" hauv qhov style no thiab yog thawj zaug uas siv cov kev kos duab zoo li no rau kev txhais phau Vajlugkub tsis meej.
Ib daim duab hauv Madrid
Ib qho ntawm peb daim duab "Ncaj Hla" yog nyob rau hauv Royal Palace hauv Spain. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm daim duab yog zoo li serene duab ntawm Tswv Yexus. Lub ntsia yog qhia rau peb, qhia nws detachment ntawm dab tsi tshwm sim. Yexus lub cev poob rau hauv qhov hnyav ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig, tab sis tsis muaj kev qhia txog kev ntxhov siab ntawm nws lub ntsej muag. Ib tsob ntoo pos puag ncig nws lub taub hau, tab sis zoo li tsis tsim txom.
Ib tug txiv neej laus hnav khaub ncaws dawb yog Ximoos ntawm Cyrene, tus cwj pwm uas muaj npe nrov hauv phau Vajlugkub uas tau pab Yexus nqa nws tus ntoo khaub lig ntawm txoj kev mus rau lub moos Kolgotha. Nws yog Yexus Khetos ib tug thwj tim uas muaj hwj chim thiab muaj nyiaj nplua nuj, uas yuav yaum Pontius Pilate kom nws muab tus xib hwb faus rau hauv lub hleb.
Ntau tus neeg nyob ib puag ncig Yexus ntawm sab laug ntawm daim duab yog nws cov yeeb ncuab thiab cov neeg saib xyuas coj nws mus tua. Lawv lub ntsej muag qhia gloating thiab saib tsis taus. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, tus artist depicts lawv li dab tuag thiab txaus ntshai. Cov ntsuj plig uas muaj kev ntxhov siab zoo li tau muab zais rau ntawm lawv lub ntsej muag.
Nyob hauv keeb kwm yav dhau koj tuaj yeem pom Yexus Khetos niam - Maivliag, uas quaj ntawm tus Thwj Tim Yauhas txhais caj npab. Tus kws kos duab piav txog qhov kev txom nyem ntawm leej niam nyob rau sab xis sab xis ntawm daim duab, ob tus neeg tsis tuaj yeem saib tsis tau hauv txoj kev npaj dav dav ntawm kev kub ntxhov tsis tu ncua.
Ib daim duab hauv Vienna
Lwm tus ntawmpeb paintings los ntawm Bosch nyob rau hauv lub peev ntawm Austria, nyob rau hauv lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Art History. Piv txwv li, qhov kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb no tsuas yog sab laug ntawm lub triptych uas tsis tau muaj sia nyob. Kuj tseem muaj kev xav tias daim duab tau txo qis los ntawm saum toj no. Niaj hnub no, peb tsuas tuaj yeem kwv yees txog tag nrho cov qauv ntawm kev kos duab, tab sis ntau tus kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias yuav tsum muaj qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm sab xis. Nws yog "kev nqis los ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig" lossis "kev quaj ntsuag".
Yexus Khetos kuj tseem nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm daim duab no. Txawm li cas los xij, nws txawv ntawm cov version dhau los. Ntawm no Yexus tsis saib peb, nws tsom ntsoov rau nws lub nra. Tus kws kos duab exacerbates qhov kev txom nyem ntawm Tswv Yexus los ntawm depicting pos blocks ntawm nws ob txhais taw, uas yog siv raws li ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm tsim txom nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th. Txawm hais tias tsis muaj ntshav hauv daim duab, qhov txaus ntshai ntawm qhov kev tsim txom no ua rau muaj kev khuv leej zoo.
Ximoos ntawm Cyrene tau piav qhia hauv daim duab tsis hnav khaub ncaws dawb ntxiv lawm, thiab nws qhia meej tias nws tsis pab tus xib fwb nqa tus ntoo khaub lig, tsuas yog kov nws xwb. Kev tsis nkag siab tuaj yeem pom hauv nws qhov kev qhia, cov lus nug uas ntsiag to khov rau hauv nws lub qhov muag.
Ntau tus neeg npau taws heev kuj khav theeb thiab thuam cov neeg raug txim. Lawv cov duab sib txawv kiag li, cov hluas thiab laus, nplua nuj thiab pluag, txhua tus koom siab los ntawm kev xyiv fab ntawm kev tua, tab sis tsis muaj kev khuv leej. Hauv cov kab lus no thiab cov neeg tuaj saib sib txawv, qhov mob tag nrho ntawm txoj haujlwm no.
Nws tsim nyog hais txog tus tua neeg uas coj Yexus mus rau txoj hlua tua. Nyob rau hauv nws txhais tes yog ib daim thaiv npog, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm uas yog ib tug toad. Precisely tus nquabyog ib lub cim ntawm dab ntxwg nyoog haiv neeg.
Daim duab no tsis muaj qhov tseeb, sib txuas ob zaj dab neeg tseem ceeb. Tswv Yexus raug ntsia saum ntoo Khaublig ua tub sab, nrog rau ob tug tub sab uas raug txim ntawm tub sab. Kev raug ntsia saum ntoo khaub lig yog ib qho kev tua phem uas tau siv rau cov neeg ua txhaum cai qis tshaj plaws thiab txaus ntshai tshaj plaws. Nyob rau hauv phau Vajlugkub zaj dab neeg, ib tug ntawm cov criminals yuav hloov siab lees txim thiab thov Vajtswv rau kev cawmdim. Yexus yuav cog lus tias yuav muaj lub vaj kaj siab nrog nws tom qab nws tuag. Nws yog ob tug tub sab no uas tau ntes los ntawm tus neeg pleev kob rau hauv qab ntawm daim duab. Ib tug ntawm lawv, ntawm sab xis, hloov siab lees txim ntawm nws txoj kev phem thiab thov Vajtswv zam txim rau nws tej kev txhaum. Lwm tus, sab laug, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, xav ua pauj, nws tsis hloov siab lees txim, tsuas yog npau taws txoj hmoo xwb.
Ib daim duab hauv Ghent
Ib qho ntawm Bosch's "Ncaj Hla" paintings nyob hauv Belgium, hauv nroog Ghent, hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Fine Arts. Qhov nruj tshaj plaws ntawm tus kws kos duab peb daim duab. Tsis muaj qhov twg nws piav txog tus phab ej ntawm nws txoj haujlwm nrog qhov phem li no.
Nyob hauv nruab nrab yog lub ntsej muag tsis muaj hmoo ntawm Yexus Khetos, qhia txog kev ntxhov siab ntawm sab ntsuj plig uas tsis muaj zog. Lwm tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb yog Saint Veronica. Nws yog tus uas muab ib daim phuam ntxuav tes rau Yexus los so cov hws thiab ntshav ntawm nws lub ntsej muag. Lub ntsej muag ntawm Vajtswv tom qab ntawd yuav tshwm sim rau ntawm daim phuam no, hauv daim duab qhia nws twb nyob rau hauv daim duab puv npo.
Txhua tus neeg koom nrog hauv daim duab no tawm tsam lawv qhov phem. Raws li nyob rau hauv yav dhau los versions, lawv qhia tag nrho cov tib neeg filth, tab sis nws yog nyob rau hauv daim duab no uas lawv puab ugliness yog li kom meej meej tso tawm rau ntawm lawv monstrous lub ntsej muag qhia.
Pom zoo:
Yuav ua li cas kos tib neeg txoj kev xav? Kev nthuav qhia ntawm kev xav ntawm daim ntawv, cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub ntsej muag qhia, cov duab kos thiab cov lus qhia ib ntus
Ib daim duab ua tiav tuaj yeem suav tau tias yog ib txoj haujlwm uas zoo li yuav tshwm sim. Ib tug portrait ntawm ib tug neeg yog ua ciaj sia los ntawm cov kev xav uas tshwm sim rau nws. Qhov tseeb, nws tsis yog nyuaj rau kos cov kev xav li nws zoo nkaus li thaum xub thawj siab ib muag. Cov kev xav uas koj kos rau ntawm daim ntawv yuav qhia txog lub xeev ntawm lub siab ntawm tus neeg uas nws portrait koj depicting
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Cov kab lus piav qhia txog dab tsi riddles yog, lawv cov yam ntxwv kev tsim kho, lub ntsiab lus zais cia ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm riddles thiab kev siv cov lus tsis sib xws hauv kev ua yeeb yam
