Qauv phau ntawv loj rau qhov dav thiab ntev

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Cov kab lus qhia seb phau ntawv loj npaum li cas, qhia cov qauv rau phau ntawv loj, nrog rau GOSTs thiab TUs rau cov qauv loj, piav qhia qhov nws txuas nrog. GOSTs rau cov ntawv siv hauv phau ntawv tau piav qhia, cov ntawv tsis yog qauv thiab txawv txawv yog suav tias yog.

phau ntawv loj sib txawv. Muaj ob lub hnab tshos me me thiab cov ntawv microbooks, nrog rau cov ntawv loj loj, khoom plig thiab hnub tseem ceeb. Kev taw qhia txog qhov loj me rau cov phau ntawv thiab lwm cov ntawv luam tawm feem ntau yog vim qhov txo tus nqi ntawm phau ntawv thaum txo cov seem ntawm cov ntawv uas nkag mus rau hauv cov ntawv pov tseg thaum luam tawm hauv lub tsev luam ntawv.

qauv qauv rau kev txiav txim siab phau ntawv loj

thawj phau ntawv luam tawm yog cov ntawv tshwj xeeb, kim, suav tias yog cov khoom kim heev. Qhov no hais txog kev tsim cov phau ntawv: txawm tias lawv cov duab kos tau qee zaum pleev xim los ntawm tes. Qhov loj ntawm cov phau ntawv yuav tsum tau ua raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua: cov phau ntawv loj thiab hnyav, muaj ntau yam ntev thiab dav. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ntsuas cov phau ntawv Lavxias feem ntau ntawm 11th-13th centuries qhia davtawg ntawm qhov tseem ceeb, txij li qhov loj me tau txiav txim siab los ntawm: lub hom phiaj ntawm phau ntawv, tus neeg siv khoom thiab tus luam. Piv txwv li, lub thaj ntawm Txoj Moo Zoo tau ua kom siab txog 30 cm, thiab cov phau ntawv rau kev siv txhua hnub yog me me kom yooj yim nyeem.

Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm kev luam ntawv, kev xa tawm ntawm phau ntawv tau nce zuj zus. Txhawm rau ua cov phau ntawv tsis tsuas yog yooj yim nyeem, tab sis kuj pheej yig, lawv tau qhia qee qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm lawv qhov ntev thiab dav - cov qauv phau ntawv loj lossis cov qauv.

Nws tig tawm zoo li cov phuam so tes: los ntawm puag ncig thiab sophisticated, lawv tau ua duab plaub thiab xws li. Thaum txiav fabrics, tsis muaj scraps, tus nqi txo.

Tib yam tshwm sim rau cov phau ntawv. Daim ntawv luam tawm muaj qee qhov ntev. Txhawm rau txo cov khoom seem thaum luam ntawv, daim ntawv tau muab qhwv ob peb zaug thiab tom qab ntawd txiav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov loj ntawm phau ntawv yog ib nrab ntawm ib daim ntawv, ib lub quarter ntawm ib daim ntawv, ib yim ntawm ib daim ntawv, thiab lwm yam. Qhov tseeb, cov qauv ntawm cov phau ntawv pib sib haum rau qhov loj ntawm cov ntawv luam ntawv.

Lub tswvyim ntawm phau ntawv hom

Cov hom ntawv ntawm phau ntawv yog qhov ntev ntawm cov ntawv tiav (txiav thiab khi) hauv millimeters lossis feem ntawm ib daim ntawv luam tawm.

Los ntawm lub teeb tes ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv Manutius Alda:

• nplooj ntawv loj ntawm phau ntawv, sib npaug ntawm qhov loj ntawm daim ntawv luam tawm ib txwm, raug hu los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev luam ntawv hauv plano;
• ib nrab nplooj loj - hauv folio;
• size thaum luam tawmdaim ntawv muaj plaub nplooj ntawv - hauv quarto;
• size thaum muaj yim nplooj ntawv ntawm daim ntawv luam tawm - hauv octavo.

Kev luam ntawv ob sab ua ob npaug ntawm nplooj ntawv.

Page qhov ntau thiab tsawg tau los ntawm octavo yog:

• foolscap 170x108mm;
• grown octavo 190x126mm;
• demi octavo 221x142 mm;
• Royal Octavo 253x158 mm.

Tus qauv phau ntawv loj rau qhov dav thiab qhov ntev feem ntau qhia raws li hauv qab no:

AxB/S, qhov twg A yog qhov dav ntawm daim ntawv luam thawj (cm);

B - nws qhov siab (cm);

1/С yog qhov sib faib ntawm daim ntawv, uas tau los ntawm folding rau hauv phau ntawv (ib feem ntawm phau ntawv).

Yuav kom tau cov nplooj ntawv hauv phau ntawv, koj yuav tsum muab C los ntawm ob.

Npe ntawm phau ntawv hom los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm luam ntawv

Foliant - ib phau ntawv hauv ib nrab ntawm daim ntawv luam tawm. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus "folio" niaj hnub no yog phau ntawv hnyav hnyav. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, tag nrho opposites ntawm folios tshwm sim - me me phau ntawv hu ua "elzivirs". Lawv loj yog 88x44 mm. Qhov kev txo qis hauv phau ntawv loj tau ua tau los ntawm kev tsim cov fonts capacious ntau dua thiab cov ntawv hnyav dua. Cov phau ntawv me me no yog qhov zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj ntxiv rau tus neeg hnav khaub ncaws.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, Peter lub Great tau qhia txog cov qauv phau ntawv loj rau thawj zaug hauv tebchaws Russia. Lawv yog 1/8 thiab 1/12 ntawm daim ntawv luam. Tus tsar-reformer kuj qhia txog kev sib koom ua ke (piv txwv li, niaj hnub, zoo tib yam) pej xeem fonts.

Fonts rau phau ntawv

Lo lus los ntawm GermanSchrift - kos duab los yog ntawv. Tsim kom muaj tus qauv font loj rau ib phau ntawv yog qhov yuav tsum tau coj los ntawm kev tsim qauv ntawm qhov ntev thiab qhov dav ntawm kev tshaj tawm. Feem ntau, ib hom ntawv yog siv rau ib phau ntawv, uas yog, ib txheej ntawm fonts ntawm tib tus qauv, tab sis muaj ntau qhov sib txawv. Thaum xaiv ib tug font, nws yog tsim nyog los coj mus rau hauv tus account lub typeface, style thiab loj. Point loj yog qhov loj ntawm typographic font, txhais hauv cov ntsiab lus. Ib qho taw tes yog sib npaug li 0.376 hli. Kev nyeem tau zoo tshaj plaws yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov loj 14th, thiab rau cov ntawv tseeb, qhov loj 12 feem ntau yog siv.

Size cov qauv rau ntau phau ntawv hauv USSR thiab Russia

Nyob hauv USSR, hom ntawv ntawm cov ntawv tau pib txiav txim siab los ntawm GOST 5773-68. Raws li tus qauv no, 30 hom tau tsim, suav nrog 16 qhov yooj yim thiab 14 rau cov phau ntawv uas tsis yog tus qauv. Txij li thaum xyoo 1976, GOST 5773-76 tau siv zog, uas twb tau tsim 36 hom (19 thiab 17, raws li). Feem ntau siv hom ntawv yog 1/8, 1/16 thiab 1/32 ntawm daim ntawv.

Specifications, tsis zoo li GOSTs, muaj peb lub ntsiab strip hom:

• kev lag luam (rau phau ntawv txhais lus, phau ntawv siv, thiab lwm yam);
• ib txwm (rau cov ntawv tseeb thiab phau ntawv kawm);
• txhim kho (rau cov ntawv sau thiab lwm phau ntawv ua neej nyob ntev).

Muaj tsib hom phau ntawv hom tau txais hauv tebchaws Russia: los ntawm qhov loj (84 × 108/16; 70 × 90/8) mus rau me me (60 × 90/32). GOST 5773-76 thiab GOST 1342-78 tsim cov cai rau luam ntawv cov phau ntawv. Piv txwv li, tus qauv qhov ntev ntawm phau ntawv hardcover nrog cov ntawv pov tseg tsawg: 60x90/16,60 × 84/16, 84 × 108/32.