Veniamin Erofeev: biography (duab)

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Lub npe ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Veniamin Erofeev paub rau txhua tus neeg uas txaus siab rau cov ntaub ntawv hauv tebchaws Soviet. Cov hauj lwm ntawm tus sau prose tau rov qab tau txais cov qhab nia siab los ntawm Lavxias teb sab thiab txawv teb chaws thuam, thiab txij li thaum nruab nrab ntawm 2000s ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st, nws tau raug ua tib zoo kawm nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm kev kawm scientific tej hauj lwm. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg sau cov haujlwm nto moo, xws li, piv txwv li, "zaj dab neeg luv luv cawv" "Moscow-Petushki", tau tshaj tawm ntawm cov neeg, tso tawm tsis raug cai los ntawm samizdat, hauv cov npe los ntawm cov ntawv sau qub lossis cov lus qhia dawb ntawm cov neeg mloog.

Nyob rau hauv ob peb xyoos txij li thaum pib ntawm nws txoj hauj lwm sau ntawv, Veniamin Erofeev tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm tus cwj pwm muaj tswv yim paub thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws Soviet, tau txais kev khuv leej ntawm cov neeg nyeem sai sai thiab tswj hwm kom tawm tsam Soviet censorship.

Biography

Tus kws sau ntawv tau yug rau lub Kaum Hli 24, 1938 hauv lub zos sab qaum teb ntawm Niva-3. Lub zos xwbNtxiv nrog rau cov dej loj loj, nyob ib ncig ntawm ntau qhov chaw tau tsim. Ib lub teb tau hu ua Kandalakshi, thiab nws nyob hauv nws tias Veniamin Erofeev yug.

Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb no, cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm tus kws sau ntawv qhia tias nws yug los ntawm Chupa chaw nres tsheb ntawm Loukhsky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Karelian ASSR. Vim nws nyob ntawd tsev neeg Erofeev nyob tau ntau xyoo.

Leej txiv ntawm tus kws sau yav tom ntej, Vasily Erofeev, tau ua haujlwm ntev ntev ua tus thawj coj ntawm chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau, txog thaum nws raug cem thiab raug xa mus rau lub yeej rog rau kev tawm tsam Soviet. Niam - Anna Erofeeva - tsis muaj kev kawm thiab yog ib tug niam tsev tag nrho nws lub neej.

Veniamin Erofeev yog tus menyuam thib rau hauv tsev neeg. Cov kws sau ntawv thaum ntxov tau siv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm kev txom nyem. Young Venechka yuav tsum nrhiav haujlwm ib nrab hnub thiab "kalyms" los pab nws niam txhawb nws tsev neeg. Thaum nws kawm ntawv xyoo, nws tau ua haujlwm ua tus txiv neej xa khoom, tus neeg nqa khoom, thiab tus saib xyuas.

Thaum tus kws sau ntawv txiv tuag, Venechka raug xa mus rau tsev kho mob menyuam ntsuag hauv nroog Kirovsk. Leej niam rub tsis tau rau tus menyuam ib leeg, nws thiaj xa tus yau mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv hauv xeev, vam tias nws yuav nyob zoo dua li tsev neeg tshaib plab.

Beniamin nyiam nyeem ntawv txij thaum yau, kawm tau zoo heev. Cov kws qhia ntawv tau sau tseg tus tub lub peev xwm zoo tshaj plaws rau kev sau ntawv, lus thiab kos duab.

Erofeev kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv nrog ib qho khoom plig kub, thiab ua tus kawm tiav zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub tsev menyuam ntsuag. Nws raug xa mus rau Moscow mus kawm ntawm Moscow State University.

Tom tau tsiv mus rau lub peev, Veniamin Erofeev, tsis cia siab rau lub xeev cov nyiaj pabcuam, yuav luag tam sim ntawd txiav txim siab mus ua haujlwm txhawm rau txhawm rau tuaj yeem yuav cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntawv tsis tshua muaj uas nws nyiam.

Tus txiv neej sab qaum teb zoo siab tau txais cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim kho. Erofeev yuav ua haujlwm rau ob xyoos tom ntej no, ua kom pom lub sijhawm los ua tus neeg nqa khoom thiab tus saib xyuas hauv lub khw muag khoom ze tshaj plaws.

Veniamin siv nws cov nyiaj hli tag nrho los ntawm kev yuav cov ntaub ntawv tsis tshua muaj hauv khw muag phau ntawv thib ob, yuav cov ntawv sau npe thiab sijhawm sijhawm, siv nws lub sijhawm dawb nyeem ntawv thiab ua haujlwm nrog kev txaus siab rau nws.

Kev cob qhia

Xyoo 1955, Veniamin Erofeev nkag mus rau Kws Qhia Ntawv ntawm Philology ntawm Moscow State University. M. V. Lomonosov. Thawj xyoo nws kawm "zoo heev", nws mob siab rau nws tus kheej rau kev hais lus thiab kev sau ntawv, ua ob peb sketches ntawm cov ntawv tshawb fawb (uas, txawm li cas los xij, tsis tau ua tiav), ua haujlwm ua tus pabcuam hauv chav kuaj mob ntawm Department of Slavic Languages thiab Lavxias. Studies.

Xyoo tom ntej no nyuaj rau Benjamin. Tus txiv leej tub xav tias muaj zog craving rau creativity thiab pib ua tib zoo mloog mus ua hauj lwm nrog nws thaum ntxov literary opuses. Nws tso tseg nws txoj kev kawm, tso tseg tsis mus kawm cov lus qhuab qhia thiab cov chav kawm, zaum ntau teev hauv nws chav tsev so thiab ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntawv sau, lossis taug kev ncig Moscow hmo ntuj.

Thaum tib lub sijhawm, tus kws sau ntawv tau mob siab rau haus cawv thiab pib siv tag nrho cov nyiaj muaj nyob hauvpubs thiab tsev noj mov, ib txhij ua ib qho kev ua haujlwm sau ntawv.

Tus cwj pwm zoo li no tsis tuaj yeem tab sis cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm Erofeev. Thiab tom qab ob peb lub rooj sib tham hauv tsev kawm ntawv, qhov chaw nws tau muab "lub sijhawm sim" thiab txhua yam kev ncua, xyoo 1957 nws raug ntiab tawm ntawm tsev kawm ntawv rau "kev ua tsis tiav thiab kev coj tsis ncaj."

Veniamin Erofeev tsis poob siab thiab, ob xyoos tom qab nws raug tshem tawm, nws tau thov rau Orekhovo-Zuevsky Pedagogical Institute, qhov chaw uas nws tau txais hauv xyoo 1959. Ntawm no, yav tom ntej tus kws sau ntawv tsis tau kawm txawm tias ib xyoos - xyoo 1960 nws raug ntiab tawm xyoo ob nrog tib lo lus.

Kev sim txuas ntxiv mus kawm ntawm Vladimir thiab Kolomna Pedagogical Institutes kuj ua tsis tiav.

Xyoo 1963, Erofeev thaum kawg tau tso tseg lub tswv yim ntawm kev tau txais kev kawm qib siab.

Kev ua haujlwm

Thaum tseem yog tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Moscow State University, Veniamin pib nrhiav haujlwm. Muaj kev paub dhau los hauv kev ua haujlwm, nws yooj yim nrhiav haujlwm ib nrab hnub rau ib hmo, rau ib lub lis piam lossis ib hlis, ua haujlwm ua tus thauj khoom, tus tsim, tus ntoo, tus neeg pleev kob lossis xa ntawv xa tuaj.

Cov ntawv sau txog keeb kwm ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Veniamin Erofeev muaj cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no txog nws txoj haujlwm:

• 1957 - ua haujlwm ua haujlwm hauv Moscow tom qab raug ntiab tawm ntawm Moscow State University;
• 1958 - 1959 - tsiv mus rau Slavyansk, qhov chaw nws tau txais haujlwm ua tus thauj khoom hauv khw muag khoom noj;
• 1959 - tsiv mus rau Ukraine, los ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm geological tog thiab ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug driller rau ib xyoo;
• 1960 - nyob hauv nroogOrekhovo-Zuevo, qhov chaw uas nws ua haujlwm ua tus saib xyuas hauv chaw nres tsheb sobering;
• 1961 - rov qab mus rau Vladimir, tau ua haujlwm ua tus neeg nqa khoom thiab tus neeg nqa khoom hauv khw rooj tog;
• 1962 - mus ua haujlwm ntawm Vladimir Kev Tsim Kho Kev ntseeg, qhov chaw nws tau ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws hluav taws xob thiab tus kav dej;
• 1963 - 1973 - koom nrog pab pawg txawb teeb tsa thiab ua haujlwm ua tus kab txuas txuas;
• 1974 - tau txais txoj haujlwm ua tus pabcuam hauv lub chaw kuaj kab mob parasitological ntawm VNIDIS, ua haujlwm ua ib feem ntawm pab pawg kawm cov tis ntshav nqus cov gnat hauv Central Asia;
• 1975 - ua haujlwm ua tus editor, tshuaj xyuas thiab kho cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb thiab cov ntawv ceeb toom ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Moscow State University;
• 1976 - tsiv mus rau Kola Peninsula thiab koom nrog kev ntoj ke mus ncig, ua haujlwm ntawm tus neeg ua haujlwm;
• 1977 - tau ua haujlwm ua tus tua neeg hauv kev pabcuam kev ruaj ntseg.

Nco

Raws li tus kws sau ntawv nws tus kheej, nws ib txwm muaj "kev nyiam tsis txaus ntseeg rau cov neeg nplua nuj thiab muaj hwj chim Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai", txawm tias qhov kev xav zoo siab tau ua rau tus kws sau ntawv kawm txog kab lis kev cai ntawm nws haiv neeg, lossis kev hlub ntawm nws lub teb chaws me me. Tab sis nyob rau hauv 1969 Erofeev siv ib tug sau ntawv pseudonym, tawm lub xeem thiab hloov lub npe mus rau Venedikt - ib tug laus, qub Lavxias teb sab daim ntawv ntawm lub npe Veniamin.

Raws li lub npe no, nws yuav tshaj tawm tag nrho nws cov lus tshaj tawm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab nqes mus rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv.

Kev ua haujlwm zoo

Erofeev pib koom nrog kev sau ntawv hauv lub hnub nyoog kawm ntawv. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 17 xyoo, nws pib ua haujlwm rau nws thawj txoj haujlwm, Sau Ntawv ntawm Kev Puas Siab Puas Ntsws. Cov noCov ntawv sau tshwj xeeb tau suav tias ploj mus ntev, tab sis thaum pib ntawm 2000s lawv tau pom nrog ib tus kws sau ntawv cov phooj ywg thiab luam tawm xyoo 2004. Nyob rau hauv 1970, Erofeev luam tawm nws debut voluminous ua hauj lwm - ib tug prose paj huam hu ua "Moscow - Petushki". Cov ntawv tshiab tam sim no tau nrov ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas nyeem ntawv ntawm lub sijhawm.

Ib me ntsis tom qab, lwm phau ntawv los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Veniamin Erofeev tau luam tawm: "Walpurgis Hmo lossis Tus Thawj Coj Cov Kauj Ruam", "Zoo Zoo", "Kuv Me Leniniana", "Dissidents, lossis Fanny Kaplan". Feem ntau ntawm cov haujlwm no tsis tau luam tawm thaum lub neej ntawm tus kws sau ntawv, thiab tsuas yog luam tawm thaum pib ntawm 2000s ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st.

Moscow - Petushki

Ib qho ntawm cov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm cov kws sau ntawv, uas yog, qhov tseeb, ib qho lus piv txwv rau ib qho ntawm nws txoj kev caij tsheb ciav hlau ntev. Nyob rau hauv phau ntawv, Erofeev piav txog lub neej ntawm ib tug neeg Lavxias teb sab yooj yim, khoom noj txom ncauj, dej qab zib, thiab qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub siab dawb paug lub rooj sib tham.

Nkauj tawm tshiab lub neej ntawm paj huam:

• 1970 - tus sau phau ntawv thiab thawj kaum daim ntawv teev npe ua los ntawm Erofeev cov phooj ywg;
• 1973 - Israeli magazine "AMI";
• 1988 - cov ntawv xov xwm hauv tebchaws "Sobriety thiab Culture";
• 1989 - rov luam tawm hauv Kev Sobriety thiab Kab lis kev cai;
• 1989 - tshaj tawm hauv anthology "Xov Xwm" (uncensored).

Nyob rau hauv no thiab nws lwm yam hauj lwm, Erofeev gravitates rau cov kab lig kev cai ntawm surrealism thiab literary buffoonery.

teeb meem sib cav

Zaj dab neeg txog Veniamin Erofeev muaj ntau ntaunthuav thiab xav paub, ib txoj hauv kev los yog lwm qhov txuas nrog kev sau ntawv ntawm tus kws sau ntawv.

Piv txwv li, xyoo 1972 nws tau thov kom ua tiav cov haujlwm tshiab ntawm Dmitri Shostakovich, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem luam tawm nws vim tias cov ntawv sau tau raug nyiag lawm. Ntxiv mus, lawv nyiag nws ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau thaum tus kws sau ntawv tau tsaug zog thaum taug kev ntev. Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov, Erofeev khuv xim tsis ua haujlwm ploj, tab sis qhov tseeb tias ob lub fwj ntawm kev sib tham ploj mus nrog rau cov ntawv sau.

Tom qab 22 xyoos, tus phooj ywg ntawm tus kws sau ntawv, Vladislav Bogatishchev-Epishin, tau hais tias cov ntawv sau tsis ploj tag nrho, tab sis tau khaws cia los ntawm nws thiab tau cog lus tias tsis ntev cov haujlwm tsis paub ntawm Erofeev yuav raug tso tawm.

Xyoo 1994, nws yeej ua ib feem me me rau pej xeem. Tom qab ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas, feem ntau cov kws sau ntawv tau lees paub qhov tawg ua ib qho cuav.

Kev xav rau kev ntseeg

Xyoo 1987, Venedikt Erofeev txiav txim siab ua kev cai raus dej hauv lub Koom Txoos Catholic lub xub ntiag. Nws tus phooj ywg, kws sau ntawv thiab tus txhais lus Vladimir Muravyov, tau muab txhua yam kev pab cuam rau Veniamin thiab txawm los ua nws txiv.

Lub Cim Nco Txog Kev Cai Raus Dej tau tshwm sim hauv Moscow, hauv pawg ntseeg St. Louis ntawm Fabkis.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws

Tus kheej lub neej ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Veniamin Erofeev tau nyob ntsiag to. Xyoo 1976, tus kws sau ntawv tau sib yuav thawj zaug - rau Valentina Zimakova. Txoj kev sib yuav tsim ib tug tub Benedict.

Kaum ib xyoos tom qab, Erofeev tau sib yuav zaum ob - rau Galina Nosova, uas nws nyob mus txog thaum nws tuag hauv 1990.

Tsev neeg ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Veniamin Erofeev nquag nquagkoom nrog ntau yam xwm txheej uas mob siab rau nws txoj hauj lwm, npaj hmo ua kev nco txog thiab kev ua yeeb yam.

Kab mob

Xyoo 1985, Veniamin Erofeev tau kuaj pom tias mob qog noj ntshav ntawm lub larynx. Xyoo tom ntej, tus kws sau ntawv tau ua haujlwm, tom qab ntawd nws poob lub peev xwm hais lus thiab yav tom ntej tsuas yog piav qhia nws tus kheej nrog kev pab ntawm lub suab tsim lub cuab yeej.

Kev tuag

Veniamin Erofeev tuag rau lub Tsib Hlis 11, 1990 hauv Moscow. Nws lub ntxa nyob ntawm lub toj ntxas Kuntsevo.

Ib daim duab ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Veniamin Erofeev muaj nyob rau hauv lub gallery ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv qib siab.