2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Horace yog tus kws sau paj huam Roman thib ob tom qab Virgil, uas tau teeb tsa nws tus kheej los tsim cov ntawv sau ua piv txwv. Nws ntseeg hais tias paj huam yog "gymnastics ntawm lus". Horace tsis nyiam cov lus ntawm Catullus thiab mob siab rau sau cov haujlwm uas yuav zoo ib yam li cov ntsiab lus siab thiab kev coj ncaj ncees ntawm Virgil.
Tus nyeem ntawv txaus siab tsis yog hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau paj huam Roman nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj tseem nyob hauv nws lub sijhawm keeb kwm, biography. Horace Quint tau ua haujlwm zoo rau ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv, txawm hais tias nws los ntawm tsev neeg yooj yim. Nyob rau hauv nws cov paj huam, nws tsim nws tus kheej kev txawj ntse thiab muab ib tug xov tooj ntawm kev ncaj ncees thiab kev ncaj ncees cov lus pom zoo raws li lub tswv yim ntawm lub golden txhais.
Horace: biography thiab txoj kev ua neej
Tus kws sau paj huam Loos zoo kawg nkaus yug hauv 65 BC. e. hauv Venusia. Nws txoj hauj lwm ntog rau thawj kaum xyoo ntawm kev kav ntawm Octavian Augustus, uas tau coj qhov chaw ntawm Caesar. Nws yug los rau hauv tsev neeg ntawm ib tug neeg dawb huv uas saib xyuaskev kawm ntawv ntawm nws tus tub thiab muab nws ib tug me me vaj tse tom qab nws tuag.
Lub neej ntawm tus kws sau paj huam tau txuas ncaj qha nrog cov haujlwm ntawm Maecenas. Thaum Caesar raug tua hauv Rome, Quintus Horace Flaccus koom nrog cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm Brutus. Nws yog Maecenas uas tau pab nws tsim nws tus kheej hauv lub neej: nws muab nws lub cuab tam thiab qhia Augustus rau hauv lub voj voog.
Horace tuag los ntawm tus mob tam sim no nyob rau xyoo pua 8 BC. e. faus ib sab ntawm nws txoj kev tsim txiaj Maecenas ntawm thaj chaw Esquiline.
Txoj kev muaj tswv yim
Quint Horace Flaccus yog tus kws sau paj huam ntau yam uas tsim cov qauv paj huam hauv ntau hom nkauj - odes thiab zaj nkauj. Ob qho tib si ua haujlwm zoo heev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thiab mus ob peb vas. Txawm li cas los xij, nws odes, luam tawm nyob rau hauv plaub phau ntawv, tsis yog tsom rau kev qhuas leej twg qhov zoo, tab sis qhia txog tus kws sau paj huam lub neej kev txawj ntse thiab nws lub tswv yim. Horace muab tswv yim rau hauv lawv, xa mus rau tus uas odes tau mob siab rau.
Txhua yam haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau paj huam Roman tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob peb lub voj voog los ntawm ib hom ntawv:
1. Epodes (poems-couples of iambic character).
2. Satires (kev ua txhaum cai). Sau rau hauv hexameter.
3. Odes (lyrical paj huam mob siab rau ib qho kev tshwm sim).
Horace, uas nws biography yog sawv cev los ntawm peb lub sijhawm ntawm kev muaj tswv yim, tag nrho nws lub neej ua raws li lub tswv yim ntawm lub ntsiab lus kub, tsim los ntawm kev txawj ntse, kev txawj ntse, kev zoo nkauj, kev tsim txiaj thiab kev sib haum xeeb.
Message genre
Quint Horace Flaccus, uas nws cov paj huam feem ntau tau mob siab rau cov tib neeg, tau ua tiav zoo hauv hom ntawv nyeem no. Nws sau 23cov lus, qhov kawg ntawm uas - "Rau Pisons" - tau los ua haujlwm thib ob ntawm kev thuam kev sau ntawv tom qab Aristotle's "Science of Poetry", uas qhia txog nws qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev zoo nkauj ntawm Horace yog qhov tsim nyog, ua raws li qhov xwm txheej, kom cov style thiab cov lus xaiv tau zoo ib yam nrog cov ncauj lus tau tsa. Nws zaj paj huam nyuaj to taub. Johann Wolfgang Goethe ib zaug tau sau tias cov duab hauv cov lus zoo li "pendulum". Qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov paj huam yog qhov nyuaj los ntawm qhov tseeb tias Horace tuaj yeem txawj txav los ntawm ib daim duab mus rau lwm qhov, siv cov ntsuas poetic sib txawv hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Nws cov paj huam muaj ntau lub npe ntawm tus kheej, lub npe chaw, thiab nws ua tib zoo saib kom meej.
Thematic pawg od Horace
Kev xav Cov Paj Huam yog lub cim ntawm kev txawj ntse. Quint Horace Flaccus, uas nws txoj haujlwm feem ntau yog sawv cev los ntawm plaub phau ntawv ntawm odes, sau rau hauv pawg thematic no txog lub sijhawm luv ntawm lub neej thiab kev ceev ntawm lub sijhawm tam sim no. Rau nws, kev ntshaw rau kev hwm thiab kev nplua nuj tsis muaj nuj nqis. Hauv odes, lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev hlub, lub koob tsheej, suab, tab sis tsis zoo li cov paj huam ntawm Catullus, lawv lub suab zoo siab thiab nplij siab. Koj tuaj yeem suav 7 lub npe poj niam uas Horace sau paj huam xav. Nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm nws odes (No. 30 "Rau Melpomene"), nws tsa qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tsis txawj tuag ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab nkag mus rau hauv kev lig kev cai, pib los ntawm Egyptian paj huam, hais tias kev tsis txawj tuag ntawm ib tug neeg yog tiav los ntawm nws txoj hauj lwm., creation ntawm kev sau ntawv. Horace pom nws infinity hauv paj huam.
Kev tsom xam ntawm Ode No. 30
Txoj haujlwm no tau txais lub npe "Monument". Cov classics ntawm Lavxias teb sab cov ntaub ntawv nyiam cov paj huam heev hais tias lub tswv yim ntawm lub immortality ntawm tus kws sau paj lug txoj hauj lwm yog borrowed los ntawm Gavrila Derzhavin ("Kuv tsa ib tug zoo kawg nkaus monument nyob mus ib txhis rau kuv tus kheej"), Alexander Pushkin ("Kuv tsa ib tug monument rau kuv. Kuv tus kheej tsis tau ua los ntawm tes"), Valery Bryusov ("Kuv lub monument sawv, los ntawm stanzas consonant complex"). Qhov kawg ob, raws li ib qho epigraph, qiv stanzas hauv Latin uas Horace ib zaug hais. Biography ntawm tus kws sau paj lug, raws li koj paub, nyob deb ntawm enviable: los ntawm thaum yau nws tsis paub cov khoom kim heev thiab ntawm nws tus kheej sim nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm tib neeg rau ntau centuries.
Ode No 30 hu ua "To Melpomene" thiab ua tiav phau ntawv thib peb ntawm odes; Melpomene nyob rau hauv mythology yog muse ntawm tragedy. Hauv kev ua haujlwm, Horace tham txog nws qhov kev ua tiav thiab thaum kawg ua rau kev rov hais dua rau nws tus kheej nrog lub laurel crown. Txog hnub tim, cov paj huam ntawm Lomonosov thiab Vostokov tau suav hais tias yog kev txhais lus zoo tshaj plaws ntawm ode No. 30.
Horace's Satyrs
Peru tus kws sau paj huam Roman zoo muaj ntau phau ntawv sau tseg. Los ntawm qhov no nws yog tsim nyog inferring hais tias nws tau los ua nto moo tsis tsuas yog ib tug tswv ntawm odes. Horace's satires zoo li philosophical xav txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej, nws yog nyob rau hauv lawv hais tias nws qhia lub tswv yim ntawm lub golden txhais tau tias. Lub ntsiab ntawm kev thuam yog txoj kev tsis tseeb ntawm kev zoo siab, nrhiav kev xav txog cov txiaj ntsig. Quint Horace Flaccus, uas nws cov paj huam yog satirical nyob rau hauv cov xwm, ironically tshaj revelers thiab cov neeg qaug cawv. Ib qho ntawm nws cov lus pom zoo hauv lub neej hais tias koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ua qhev rau cawv thiab tsim txom nws kom txaus siab rau kev tu siab.piv. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias tib neeg passions thiab vices ua lub luag hauj lwm ntawm thuam nyob rau hauv satires, nyob rau hauv lawv nws kuj sau txog tus kheej: nyob rau hauv satire No. 6, piv txwv li, nws qhia zaj dab neeg ntawm nws lub neej. Horace, muaj keeb kwm qis, muaj sia nyob, muaj kev txaus siab me me thiab tsis paub khoom kim heev.
Master of ntsuas ntsuas
Horace qee zaum tsis zais nws keeb kwm hauv nws zaj paj huam thiab tsis txaj muag tias nws yog tub qhe tub qhe. Raws li cov neeg sau ntawv thuam Mikhail Gasparov, tus kws sau paj lug siv 12 hom lus Greek thaum ub nyob rau hauv nws cov paj huam, nws cov txuj ci tseem ceeb nyob hauv nws txoj kev paub txog kev txawj ntse thiab kev paub txog paj huam. Nyob rau hauv thawj phau ntawv ntawm nws odes, nws muab ib tug "kev ua yeeb yam" ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg, nthuav qhia lub sapphic, alcaean thiab lwm yam stanzas. Ntxiv nrog rau odes, Horace, uas nws lub neej xyoo tau ua haujlwm zoo heev, ua haujlwm nrog epodes, uas zoo sib xws hauv daim ntawv rau choruses. Lawv nthuav tawm cov ntsiab lus kev nom kev tswv thiab, zoo li iambs, thuam cov neeg tsis txaus siab thiab tib neeg (qhov piv txwv meej tshaj plaws yog "Rau Cov Neeg Loos").
Horace cov lus pom zoo nrog cov lus piav qhia
"Zoo siab rau qhov koj muaj." Tus kws sau paj lug txhais tau hais tias qhov tseeb ntawm lub neej yooj yim, uas hais tias koj yuav tsum tau ua neej nyob thiab txaus siab rau niaj hnub no thiab tsis rau txim rau tus tsim vim tsis yog txhua tus neeg yog neeg dawb huv thiab nplua nuj. Txhua yam zoo yuav tsum tau txais los ntawm kev ncaj ncees thiab txaus siab nrog me ntsis.
"Nyiaj tsis muaj txiaj ntsig yog tias koj txuag nws tab sis tsis siv nws." Muaj pes tsawg kis keeb kwm paub thaum ib tug neeg tau siv zog tag nrho nws lub neej kom khwv tau peev, tsis kam lees nws tus kheej ntau, thiab, tau khwv tau nws,tuag tam sim ntawd. Horace suav tias qhov kev xav zoo li no yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees: koj yuav tsum siv cov nyiaj koj khwv tau los sib npaug thiab ua neej nyob, tsis muaj kev txwv.
"Txhais kev nyuaj siab ntawm lub neej nrog cawv, tab sis paub thaum twg yuav tsum nres." Hedonism raws li ib qho qauv hauv kev zoo nkauj txhawb lub tswv yim ntawm kev txaus siab raws li lub hom phiaj siab tshaj plaws ntawm tib neeg lub neej. Horace qhia qhov kev xav no hauv ib nrab: haus cawv, tau kawg, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab, tab sis koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tsim txom nws.
"Txoj kev hlub, tiam sis tsis txhob raug kev hlub." Horace, uas nws biography yog tag nrho nrog xya lub npe poj niam, coj tawm qhov tseeb, ua tsaug rau tus txiv neej muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog nws lub siab. Nws tsis kam lees kev hlub, tab sis tawm tsam kev mob siab rau thiab kev txom nyem.
keeb kwm ntawm Roman cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov npe
Tus neeg ua yeeb yam Roman nto moo tshaj plaws yog suav tias yog Titus Maccius Plautus. Nws sau txog tsib caug zaj dab neeg, tab sis tsuas muaj 19 zaj los rau peb xwb, tag nrho, nws muaj tshaj 20 txhiab kab paj huam.
Titus Lucretius Carus thiab Gaius Valerius Catullus yog cov neeg sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Roman cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub sijhawm koom pheej. Thawj yog tus sau zaj nkauj "Nyob Zoo Xyoo Tshiab", thiab tus thib ob tau nto moo rau nws cov paj huam hlub.
Publius Virgil Maron sim nws tus kheej hauv ntau hom ntawv nyeem. Tus kws sau paj huam Roman qub no yog tus sau zaj paj huam "Aeneid"
Publius Ovid Nason hu ua tus yau ntawm Horace. Nws yog tus sau paj huam "Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Hlub", sau rau hauv lub siab lub siab, nrog rau kev sau cov nkauj "Amores".
Phaedrus yog ib tus kws tshaj lij fabulist uasthawj zaug pib sau dab neeg hauv nqe lus. Nws nto moo rau nws tus kheej tej hauj lwm thiab txhais lus ntawm Aesop.
Thaum xub thawj, lo lus "prose" tau siv los ntawm Loos los hais txog kev hais lus tsis zoo. Thawj tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tsis-poetic daim ntawv tshwm sim ntau tom qab. Apuleius, tus sau phau ntawv taug txuj kev nyuaj tshiab The Golden Ass, raug suav hais tias yog tus kws sau ntawv nto moo, tom qab nws qhov tseem ceeb yog Petronius the Arbiter, uas tau sau Satyricon.
Pom zoo:
"Tus kws sau paj huam tuag" Lermontov nqe lus "Tus kws sau paj huam tuag". Lermontov muab rau leej twg "Kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau paj huam"?
Thaum xyoo 1837, tau kawm txog kev tuag ntawm kev tuag, lub qhov txhab tuag, thiab tom qab ntawd kev tuag ntawm Pushkin, Lermontov tau sau cov kev quaj ntsuag "Tus kws sau paj huam tuag …", nws nws tus kheej twb muaj npe nrov hauv kev sau ntawv. Muaj tswv yim biography Mikhail Yurievich pib thaum ntxov, nws cov paj huam romantic hnub rov qab mus rau 1828-1829
Alexander Dolsky - tus kws sau nkauj-tus kws sau nkauj, kws sau paj huam thiab kws ntaus suab paj nruag
Dolsky Alexander Alexandrovich - kws sau paj lug, bard, singer-songwriter, tswv cuab ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Lavxias teb sab playwrights, Honored Artist ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Masterfully plays lub guitar
Andrey Usachev - tus menyuam tus kws sau ntawv, kws sau paj huam thiab tus kws sau ntawv
Andrey Usachev yog menyuam yaus tus kws sau ntawv, kws sau paj huam thiab tus kws sau ntawv. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv lub voj voog thaum lub sij hawm nyuaj, thaum tag nrho cov paj huam zoo raug tsim thiab cov nkauj tau sau tag nrho. Lwm tus kws sau ntawv hauv nws qhov chaw yuav tau mus rau hauv qab ntawm cov ntawv nyeem ntev dhau los: los tsim kev thuam ntawm menyuam yaus cov ntawv nyeem lossis kev tshaj tawm. Thiab Andrey Usachev tau teem caij rau kev ua haujlwm hnyav
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Lermontov. Lermontov cov paj huam hais txog paj huam
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam hauv Lermontov txoj haujlwm yog ib qho ntawm lub hauv paus. Mikhail Yuryevich mob siab rau ntau yam haujlwm rau nws. Tab sis peb yuav tsum pib nrog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv lub ntiaj teb tus kws sau paj huam - kev kho siab. Nws muaj tus cwj pwm universal. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov no yog tus xaiv ntawm Lermontov tus hero, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, nws foom phem. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam qhia txog kev sib tham ntawm tus tsim thiab nws cov neeg nyeem
Tshaj tawm zaj paj huam "Tus kws sau paj huam thiab neeg pej xeem". Analysis ntawm Nekrasov paj huam "Tus kws sau paj lug thiab cov pej xeem"
Kev tsom xam ntawm zaj paj huam "Tus kws sau paj huam thiab neeg pej xeem", zoo li lwm yam hauj lwm ntawm kev kos duab, yuav tsum pib nrog kev kawm txog keeb kwm ntawm nws cov creation, nrog rau cov teeb meem kev nom kev tswv uas tab tom loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd, thiab cov ntaub ntawv biographical ntawm tus sau, yog tias lawv yog ob qho tib si muaj feem xyuam rau txoj haujlwm