Indian xinesmas: keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim thiab kev loj hlob

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Txawm tias koj tsis tau pom cov yeeb yaj kiab Indian, lo lus "Bollywood" tam sim ntawd ua rau cov duab zoo nkauj, zoo nkauj thiab muaj yeeb yuj yeeb yaj kiab tua nyob rau hauv qhov chaw txawv uas txhua tus neeg seev cev thiab hu nkauj nthuav tawm. Tab sis dab tsi yog keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm Indian xinesmas? Thiab qhov kev lag luam no loj hlob li cas los ua ib qho kev lag luam muaj zog tshaj plaws thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv lub tebchaws?

Introduction

Ntau tus kws tshaj lij tsis pom zoo rau qhov tseeb ntawm lub sijhawm Bollywood. Tab sis tseem muaj qhov zoo sib xws hauv cov ntsiab lus: "Bollywood" yog kev lag luam ua yeeb yaj kiab muaj zog hauv Mumbai, qhov chaw ua yeeb yaj kiab feem ntau ua hauv Hindi, nrog cov seev cev zoo nkauj nrog cov nkauj. Nws tsis npog tag nrho Indian xinesmas, tsuas yog 20% ntawm lub teb chaws cov yeeb yaj kiab tag nrho. Bollywood tsis yog ib hom yeeb yaj kiab, nws yog kev lag luam nrog ntau cov lus qhia.

Keeb kwm ntawm Indian xinesmas hnub rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua puas xyoo. Xyoo 1896, thawj cov yeeb yaj kiab tau tsim los ntawm cov kwv tij Lumiere thiab nthuav tawm hauv Mumbai (Bombay).

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias thaum Harishchandra Sakharam, hu ua"tus kws yees duab nyob ruaj ruaj", xaj lub koob yees duab los ntawm Askiv, tom qab ntawd tua cov yeeb yaj kiab "Fighters" hauv lub vaj dai ntawm Mumbai. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim kaw ntawm lub duel, uas tau tshwm sim sai sai hauv xyoo 1899 thiab tau suav tias yog thawj daim duab "tsav" hauv kev lag luam yeeb yaj kiab Indian.

Indian xinesmas: keeb kwm ntawm creation

Leej txiv ntawm Indian xinesmas yog suav tias yog Dadasahed Phalke, uas tau tso tawm lub ntiaj teb thawj qhov ua yeeb yaj kiab ntev ntev Raja Harischandra xyoo 1913. Nov yog thawj zaj yeeb yaj kiab Indian uas tshwm sim hauv London xyoo 1914. Daim duab uas ntsiag to yog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev lag luam.

Dadasahed tsis yog tsuas yog tus tsim khoom xwb, tab sis kuj yog tus thawj coj, tus kws sau tshuaj ntsuam, tus kws yees duab, tus kws kho thiab txawm tias tus kws kos duab pleev xim. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm xyoo 1913 thiab 1918, nws tau saib xyuas thiab coj ua 23 zaj yeeb yaj kiab.

Thaum pib, kev loj hlob ntawm Indian xinesmas tsis nrawm li hauv Hollywood. Cov tuam txhab tsim yeeb yaj kiab tshiab tau pib tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1920s. Paintings raws li mythological thiab keeb kwm qhov tseeb nrog lub sijhawm los ntawm Mahabharata thiab Ramayana pib ua tus thawj coj hauv 20s. Tab sis cov neeg tuaj saib Indian zoo siab ntau dua rau cov tub rog.

Qhov kawg ntawm "kev ntsiag to"

Thawj zaj yeeb yaj kiab Indian, Alam Ara, tau tso tawm hauv Bombay xyoo 1931. Hiroz Shah yog tus thawj coj suab paj nruag ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab no, uas tau tswj hwm cov nkauj thawj zaug "De de Huda", ua los ntawm VM Khan. Indian xinesmas tau nkag mus rau lub sijhawm tshiab.

Tom qab ntawd, ntau lub tuam txhab ua yeeb yaj kiab tau pib nrhiav kev tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab Indian ntxiv. 328 paintings yogtau nyob rau hauv 1931. Qhov no yog peb zaug ntau tshaj li xyoo 1927 - 107 premieres. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, cov tsev xinesmas thiab auditoriums kuj tau nce ntxiv.

Los ntawm 1930 txog 1940, ntau cov duab tseem ceeb ntawm Indian xinesmas tau tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw: Debaki Bose, Chetan Anand, Vasan, Nitin Bose thiab lwm tus.

Regional films

Nws tsis yog cov yeeb yaj kiab Hindi nkaus xwb uas tau nrov nyob rau lub sijhawm no. Kev lag luam yeeb yaj kiab hauv cheeb tsam kuj muaj nws lub npe. Thawj zaj yeeb yaj kiab Bengali "Nal Damyanti" nrog cov neeg ua yeeb yam Italian hauv kev ua yeeb yam tau pom los ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib hauv xyoo 1917. Cov duab no tau yees duab los ntawm Jayotish Sarkaru.

Xyoo 1919, ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab uas ntsiag to South Indian hu ua "Kechaka Wadham" raug tshuaj xyuas.

Hauv daim duab "Kalia Mardan" tus ntxhais nto moo Dadasahed Falke tau los ua thawj tus menyuam ntawm "lub hnub qub" uas ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus menyuam Krishna xyoo 1919.

The Bengali suab zaj duab xis Jamai Shashti tau tshwm sim xyoo 1931 (tsim los ntawm Madan Theatres).

Dhau li ntawm cov lus Bengali thiab South Indian, cov yeeb yaj kiab hauv cheeb tsam kuj tau ua lwm yam lus: Oriya, Punjabi, Marathi, Assamese thiab lwm yam. Aetheja Raja yog thawj zaj yeeb yaj kiab Marathi ua rau xyoo 1932. Daim duab no kuj tau ua nyob rau hauv Hindi kom nyiam ntau tus neeg tuaj saib.

Nyob rau tiam tshiab"

India zaj keeb kwm nyuam qhuav tsim thaum Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II. Lub hnub yug ntawm niaj hnub Indian zaj duab xis kev lag luam pib nyob rau hauv 1947. Lub sijhawm no yog cim los ntawm kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb thiab zoo heev hauvkev ua yeeb yaj kiab. Cov kws ua yeeb yaj kiab muaj koob npe Satyat Rai thiab Bimal Roy tau ua yeeb yaj kiab uas tsom mus rau cov teeb meem ntawm kev muaj sia nyob thiab kev txom nyem niaj hnub ntawm cov chav kawm qis.

keeb kwm thiab keeb kwm keeb kwm tau ploj mus rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau, thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab hauv zej zog tau los ua tus thawj coj hauv kev lag luam. Lawv tau ua raws li cov ncauj lus xws li kev ua niam ntiav, kev sib deev thiab lwm yam kev ua txhaum cai uas tau nthuav dav hauv lub tebchaws Is Nrias teb. Lub xinesmas tau nthuav tawm qhov no thiab tau rau txim rau qhov kev ua no.

Nyob rau xyoo 1960, cov thawj coj Ritwik Chatak, Mrinal Sena thiab lwm tus tau tsom mus rau qhov teeb meem tiag tiag ntawm tus txiv neej. Ntau cov yeeb yaj kiab uas muaj npe nrov tau raug tsim los ntawm cov ntsiab lus no, uas tau ua rau nws muaj peev xwm "kho tawm qhov tshwj xeeb niche" hauv Indian xinesmas.

Lub xyoo pua nees nkaum yog suav tias yog "lub sijhawm kub" hauv keeb kwm ntawm Indian xinesmas. Nws yog lub sijhawm no uas cov neeg nyiam ua yeeb yam tau pib loj hlob: Guru Dutt, Raj Kapoor, Dilip Kumar, Meena Kumari, Madhubala, Nargis, Nutan, Dev Anand, Waheeda Rehman thiab lwm tus.

Bollywood pioneered masala films

Nyob rau xyoo 1970, masala xinesmas tau tshwm sim hauv Bollywood. Cov neeg tuaj saib tau ntxim nyiam thiab mesmerized los ntawm aura ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam xws li Rajesh Khanna, Darmendra, Sanjeev Kumar, Hema Malini. Nws ntseeg tau tias tus thawj coj nto moo thiab ua tiav Manmohan Desai yog tus tsim ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab masala. Nws feem ntau hais tias nws xav kom tib neeg tsis nco qab lawv txoj kev txom nyem thiab mus rau lub ntiaj teb npau suav uas tsis muaj kev txom nyem.

Sholay, ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab ua yeeb yaj kiab qhia los ntawm Ramesh Sippy, tsis yog tau txais xwbKev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb, tab sis kuj ua rau Amitabh Bachchan ua "superstar".

Ntau tus poj niam thawj coj (Meera Nair, Aparna Sena) tau qhia lawv cov txuj ci hauv xyoo 1980s. Yuav ua li cas koj thiaj tsis nco qab txog tus kws ua yeeb yaj kiab Rekhay, uas tau ua yeeb yaj kiab zoo kawg nkaus "Umrao Yaan" hauv xyoo 1981?

Nyob rau xyoo 1990, cov neeg ua yeeb yam tau nrov: Shah Rukh Khan, Salman Khan, Madhuri Dixit, Ameera Khan, Chawla, Chiranjeevi thiab lwm tus. Cov kws tshaj lij no tau nrhiav txoj hauv kev tshiab los txhim kho Indian xinesmas ntxiv. Keeb kwm yuav tsis hnov qab xyoo 2008, uas yog ib lub xyoo tseem ceeb rau Bollywood - Rahman yeej ob qho khoom plig Academy rau Cov qhab nia zoo tshaj plaws rau Slumdog Millionaire.

Nationalism

Txuas ntxiv peb cov kev paub nrog Indian xinesmas, nws tsim nyog sau cia tias muaj plaub yam tseem ceeb uas pab txhawb kev sib raug zoo "Is Nrias teb - xinesmas": haiv neeg, censorship, suab paj nruag thiab lwm yam. Cia peb saib cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntxiv.

Nyob rau thaum ntxov ntawm kev lag luam, ntau Bollywood zoo tau xaiv los siv Hindi ua hom lus tseem ceeb hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab Indian. Yog vim li cas? Tseeb tiag, ntau pua hom lus tau hais hauv Is Nrias teb, thiab Hindi tsis yog qhov feem ntau ntawm lawv. Nws tau dhau los ua "qhov tseem ceeb" vim tias Hindi yog hom lus lag luam uas tau nkag siab los ntawm cov neeg feem coob.

Lwm tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub tebchaws Indian hauv Bollywood films yog eclecticism ntawm lub suab paj nruag. Txij thaum pib, cov suab paj nruag tsim rau cov yeeb yaj kiab tau suav nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab los ntawm ntau thaj chaw hauv lub tebchaws.

Qhov thib peb yog "lub ntiaj teb" ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab Indian, uas cov neeg Muslim tuaj yeem sib yuav Hindus lossis cov ntseeg, thiab cov neeg los ntawm cov chav sib txawv tau ua tiav hauv lub neej. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau hais tias ntau tus tsim ntawm Indian zaj duab xis ntseeg tias kev lag luam hauv keeb kwm Indian yog tus yuam sij rau kev ywj pheej ntawm lub teb chaws yav tom ntej los ntawm British.

Censorship

Thaum lub xinesmas ntawm Is Nrias teb tseem nyob rau hauv British txoj cai, nws tsis tuaj yeem qhia txog kev suav nrog qee cov ntsiab lus hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab. Tab sis tom qab lub teb chaws tau txais kev ywj pheej los ntawm Great Britain, censorship pib ua lub luag haujlwm txiav txim siab hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab style.

Kev qhia txog kev sib deev yog txwv tsis pub, nrog rau kev sib cuag ntawm lub cev (txawm yog hnia). Yog li ntawd tus cwj pwm "lub cev lus" tag nrho hloov cov khoom, uas tau los ua tus qauv. Tsuas yog kov me ntsis ntawm lub xub pwg nyom ntawm ob lub cim romantic thiab ua kom lub ntsej muag nyob ze rau ib leeg yam tsis tau kov. Kev sib tham kuj qhia txog kev them nyiaj rau kev sib deev uas ploj lawm. Cov neeg saib tsuas yog yuav tsum tau siv los nkag siab lawv.

Nyiaj

Keeb kwm ntawm Indian xinesmas (qhov tseeb txaus siab txog nws hauv qab no) qhia tias kev censorship kuj cuam tshuam rau kev tsim ntau yam tshwj xeeb rau Bollywood. Tau ntau xyoo, thaum muaj kev tsov rog ntawm Is Nrias teb thiab Pakistan, nws tau txwv tsis pub hais nws hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab. Cov yeeb ncuab tsis tuaj yeem hu los ntawm lawv lub npe.

Tsoomfwv lub tebchaws muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev lag luam yeeb yaj kiab: nws ntseeg qhov ntawdhais tias pej xeem yuav tsum tau qhia tsuas yog dab tsi yuav cuam tshuam nws txoj kev nom kev tswv thiab kev xav. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev cai lij choj tau dhau los uas tau hais tias tsuas yog cov suab paj nruag classical los ntawm North Is Nrias teb yuav tsum tau siv los piav qhia tus cwj pwm ntawm cov cim hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab.

Kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm tsoomfwv thiab kev lag luam ua yeeb yaj kiab txuas ntxiv mus txog xyoo 1998, ua ntej tau txais kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev tsim kev lag luam ywj pheej.

Music

Music yog qhov uas ntau tus neeg saib hu ua tus yam ntxwv ntawm Bollywood films. Thiab nws yeej yog! Cov thawj coj nkauj (raws li cov kws sau zaj duab xis hu ua nyob rau hauv Is Nrias teb) tsis xav txog qhov xav tau cov nkauj hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus, lawv pom lawv yog txoj cai yooj yim thiab tsis lees paub.

Suab paj nruag yog ib feem ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab raws li cov khaub ncaws. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias cov creators ntawm compositions tsis nrhiav kom nrov lawv creations. Lawv yog lub hom phiaj los tsim ib qho kev kos duab sawv cev ntawm zaj dab neeg hauv cov neeg tuaj saib.

Qhov tseeb tiag: cov neeg ua yeeb yam hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab tsis hu nkauj, thiab cov neeg ua yeeb yam tib yam tuaj yeem hu nkauj ntawm ob peb lub cim ib zaug. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv Is Nrias teb nws yog qhov zoo siab ob zaug los saib cov neeg ua yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws thiab mloog koj tus neeg nyiam hu nkauj.

Qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws rau cov neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab yog ua yeeb yaj kiab ua yeeb yaj kiab. Txhua tus thawj coj tau sim tshuaj xyuas cov nkauj ntawm zaj duab xis hauv ntau txoj kev. Nws tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam heev uas txawm tias niaj hnub no 80% ntawm tag nrho cov yeeb yaj kiab Indian tau tsim los ntawm "ua si thiab ua suab paj nruag".

Ntxhais lus tseeb los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Indian xinesmas

Kev lag luam yeeb yaj kiab hauv Is Nrias teb yogtshwj xeeb kev lag luam. Yog li ntawd, muaj qee yam uas peb nkag siab tsis tau. Xav txog lawv:

1. Premier Teem caij. Ntau cov yeeb yaj kiab nrov tau tshwm sim raws li qee yam. Piv txwv li, cov blockbusters loj yog "tso tawm" tsuas yog thaum hnub so loj hauv kev hwm ntawm qhov kawg ntawm Ramadan, thiab thaum lub caij ci ci, cov chaw ua yeeb yaj kiab zoo li "tuag."

2. "Nws tag nrho los rau tsev neeg." Cinematography ntawm Is Nrias teb nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov keeb kwm ntawm nws lub neej tau ua tiav lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb - muab tsev neeg nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv txoj hmoo ntawm txhua tus neeg. Kev lag luam yeeb yaj kiab sab hnub poob tsis tuaj yeem khav ntawm qhov no.

3. Indian Oscar. Bollywood muaj nws tus kheej version ntawm qhov khoom plig - qhov no yog Filmfar Awards, uas tsis muaj dab tsi ua rau cov neeg nyiam nyiam. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, qhov khoom plig rau "Kev Ua Si Zoo Tshaj" tau nthuav tawm ntawm lub koob tsheej.

4. "Parallel Cinema". Ntau tus kiv cua ntawm Indian zaj duab xis tsis txawm xav tias nyob rau hauv Is Nrias teb lawv tua tsis tsuas yog ua yeeb yaj kiab nrog nkauj thiab seev cev. Qee cov neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab, hu ua "cov thawj coj sib luag", tau koom nrog ua "cov yeeb yaj kiab loj". Piv txwv li, xyoo 1998 zaj yeeb yaj kiab "Dil Se" tau tso tawm, qhov twg tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb tham txog qhov teeb meem nyuaj hauv ntiaj teb.

Zoo kawg

Lub xinesmas ntawm Is Nrias teb (cov duab nrog cov scenes zoo tshaj plaws tau nthuav tawm saum toj no) tau dhau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb hauv peb lub neej txhua hnub, txawm tias nws yog xinesmas hauv cheeb tsam lossis Bollywood movie. Nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv peb lub neej. Txawm hais tias "kev lom zem" yog lo lus buzz ntawm Indian xinesmas, zaj dab neeg muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub siab thiab lub siab ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib.

Indian films keeb kwmtau nce qib los ntawm kev txhim kho lub koob yees duab mus rau cov txheej txheem kho kom raug. Kev siv thev naus laus zis tau nthuav dav cov tswv yim ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab. Txawm li cas los xij, kev nce qib tuaj yeem tsis dhau qhov kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Is Nrias teb. Thiab nws zoo heev!