Txoj hlua yog dab tsi?

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Pab pawg ntawm cov hlua yog kab tias muaj ntau thiab ntau yam ntawm txhua hom suab paj nruag. Nws suav nrog cov twj paj nruag nyob deb ntawm ib leeg, tab sis txhua tus ntawm lawv tau koom ua ke los ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb, muaj nyob rau hauv lub npe nws tus kheej: txhua txoj hlua muaj hlua. Nov yog butter oil.

Txoj hlua suab paj nruag tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob peb pawg raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim suab. Cov hlua tuaj yeem ua suab los ntawm kev hneev, plucking, thiab tawm tsam. Cia wb mus saib txhua pab pawg.

Bowed string instruments yog lub caj qaum ntawm lub suab paj nruag symphony. Qhov no tuaj yeem pom txawm tias muaj pes tsawg tus neeg ntaus suab paj nruag - yuav luag ob feem peb ntawm cov neeg ntaus suab paj nruag hauv lub suab seev suab paj nruag. Qhov ntau ntawm cov twj paj nruag npog txhua qhov siab ntawm lub suab - los ntawm qhov tob hauv qab ntawm ob lub basses mus rau violin saum ntawm lub verge ntawm "ultrasound". Lub suab ntawm cov hlua yog ze rau tib neeg lub suab tshaj li lwm yam twj paj nruag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nkauj laus ncas thiab violas. Lawv tuaj yeem nthuav tawm ntau yam kev xav, evoking tib yam kev xav hauv cov neeg mloog - los ntawm kev sib nyiam thiab lub teeb mus rau qhov tsaus ntuj thiab kev ua phem. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv symphonic music mus nqa tawmcov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb feem ntau tau muab tso rau hauv pawg hlua.

Lub violin yog thawj zaug ntawm cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no. Thiab txog niaj hnub no, nws suav hais tias yog "tus poj huab tais" ntawm lawv. Yug nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th, lub violin tau nrov nrov thoob plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe. Tag nrho pawg neeg ntawm violin masters sawv hauv ltalis - Stradivari, Guarneri, Amati. Lawv cov cuab yeej tseem suav tias yog tus qauv tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Tom qab lub violin, lwm yam cuab yeej hneev taw tau "yug" - viola, cello, ob npaug ntses bass thaj tsam. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv cov duab, tab sis txawv nyob rau hauv loj, thiab, raws li, nyob rau hauv qhov siab ntawm ntau yam. Txoj hauv kev uas lawv tau muab tso rau thaum ua si suab paj nruag kuj txawv - cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag muab cov nkauj ua yeeb yaj kiab thiab violas tso rau ntawm lawv lub xub pwg nyom, cello loj heev thiab ob lub ntses bass thaj tsam tau muab tso rau hauv pem teb, thiab ob tus ntses bass thaj tsam yuav tsum tau sawv txhua lub sijhawm thaum ua si, lub twj paj nruag. loj heev. Feem ntau rau tag nrho tsev neeg no yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub suab extraction - nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug hneev. Lub suab tshwm sim los ntawm kev vibration ntawm txoj hlua, ua tiav los ntawm kev rub lub hneev rubbed nrog resin tiv thaiv nws. Nrog rau tag nrho cov fullness thiab zoo nkauj ntawm lawv lub suab, bowed string instruments yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, orchestral. Txawm tias solo ua yeeb yam los ntawm violinists thiab violists xav tau "kev txhawb nqa" (piano lossis lwm yam nrog).

Pab pawg tom ntej yog plucked string instruments. Rau cov twj paj nruag no, lub suab nrov yog kev co ntawm txoj hlua thaum nws plucked nrog ib tug ntiv tes los yog nrog ib tug plectrum. Lub "singing" bowstring ntawm ib tug yos hav zoov tau txais kev pab raws li progenitor ntawm plucked bows. Qhov feem ntau plucked ntsuas yog guitar. Tib lub hnub nyoog zoo li violin, guitar tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Qhov no yog ib qho cuab yeej uas nyiam tsis tau tsuas yog thiab tsis yog ntau rau cov tub txawg, tab sis kuj rau cov neeg nyiam suab paj nruag. Yam tsawg kawg ntawm qhov tsis zoo "peb chords" sim ua tus tswv, tej zaum, feem ntau ntawm cov neeg. Lavxias teb sab pej xeem seev (domra, balalaika, gusli) belongs rau tib pab pawg neeg ntawm cov twj paj nruag. Plucked string instruments yog tsis tshua muaj siv nyob rau hauv symphony orchestras, lawv yog ntau nrov nyob rau hauv pej xeem pab pawg.

Txoj kev thib peb los tsim lub suab hauv cov hlua khi yog ntaus txoj hlua nrog rauj. Cov neeg sawv cev tshaj plaws ntawm pab pawg no yog pianoforte. Qhov no yog ib qho cuab yeej tshwj xeeb uas yog ob qho tib si percussion keyboard thiab ib txoj hlua.

Tus pianist nias tus yuam sij nrog nws tus ntiv tes, teeb tsa lub tshuab ua kom lub rauj ntaus txoj hlua. Lub forerunners ntawm lub niaj hnub piano yog keyboard string instruments, uas nws lub npe tseem nyob rau hauv txhua tus neeg daim di ncauj: harpsichord thiab clavichord. Lwm qhov piv txwv ntawm cov hlua khi hlua yog cymbals (thaum ua si, tus neeg ua yeeb yam nws tus kheej tuav cov rauj thiab ntaus cov hlua).