Ilya Ilf: biography, tsev neeg, quotes thiab phau ntawv zoo tshaj

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Ilya Arnoldovich Ilf - Soviet neeg sau xov xwm thiab kws sau ntawv, sau ntawv, tus kws sau nkauj, kws yees duab. Nws paub zoo tshaj plaws rau nws phau ntawv nrog Evgeny Petrov. Niaj hnub no, rau ntau tus, "Ilf thiab Petrov" yog qhov txuas uas tsis tuaj yeem tawg. Cov npe ntawm cov kws sau ntawv tau pom tias yog ib qho tag nrho. Txawm li cas los xij, cia peb sim xyuas seb Ilya Ilf yog leej twg, nws nyob li cas thiab nws paub txog dab tsi.

Biography

Ilya Ilf yug rau lub Kaum Hlis 3, 1897. Ces nws lub npe yog Yehiel-Leib Arevich Fainzilberg. Nws txiv yog ib tug neeg ua haujlwm hauv tuam txhab nyiaj - nws ua haujlwm ua tus accountant hauv ceg ntawm Siberian Bank hauv Odessa. Tsev neeg muaj plaub tug tub. Yechiel-Leib yog thib peb. Qhov chaw yug ntawm Ilya Ilf yog Odessa.

Studied at a technical school. Tom qab ntawd nws tau ua haujlwm hauv chaw ua duab kos duab, ntawm ib lub koomhaum tub rog, ntawm kev sib pauv xov tooj. Kuv kuj tau sim kuv tus kheej ua tus accountant. Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig, nws tau los ua ib tug neeg sau xov xwm, ces sawv mus rau tus editor ntawm humorous magazines. Nws yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Union ntawm Poets ntawm Odessa. Tom qab muab cov ntawv thawj thiab kawg ntawm lub npe nyuaj, nws tau los ua tus kws sau ntawv Ilya Ilf, yog li rhuav tshem nws txiv txoj kev npau suav.txog nws tus tub txoj hauj lwm ua tub rog.

Tom qab tsiv mus rau Moscow, nws ua haujlwm hauv ntawv xov xwm "Gudok" (tshaj tawm cov khoom siv ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tsheb ciav hlau). Kuv mus txog ntawd ua tsaug rau ib tug phooj ywg ntawm Odessa, Valentin Kataev. Ilya Ilf sau feuilletons thiab lwm yam khoom siv lom zem thiab hais lus thuam. Nyob ntawd nws tau ntsib cov kws sau ntawv Isaac Babel, Yuri Olesha, Mikhail Bulgakov thiab Valentin Kataev tus tij laug Evgeny, uas coj lub npe hu ua Evgeny Petrov.

Kev koom tes nrog Petrov

Hauv xyoo 1927 nrog Evgeny Petrov thawj zaug lawv tau ua haujlwm ua ke ntawm cov ntawv tshiab "Twelve Chairs". Cov zajlus rau lub keeb kwm yog npaj los ntawm Valentin Kataev, tab sis cov sau phau ntawv yog li ntawd nqa tawm los ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob uas lawv xaus nrog ib tug tag nrho-fledged adventurous tshiab, uas Kataev pom zoo kom luam tawm.

Xyoo tom ntej, Ilf raug rho tawm ntawm daim ntawv vim yog kev tso tawm haujlwm. Petrov ua raws li nws. Ob leeg tau los ua tus pab txhawb rau Oddball magazine tshiab, tshuaj xyuas cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab ua yeeb yam hauv qab lub npe "Don Busilio."

Ntxiv mus, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev phooj ywg zoo ntawm cov kws sau ntawv yog cov neeg sau ntawv sib koom ua ke, sau ntawv, dab neeg luv luv, zaj duab xis thiab, ntawm chav kawm, cov dab neeg tshiab. Lawv txoj kev vam meej hauv Soviet Union yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, tab sis txawm li cas los xij cov kws sau ntawv tsis txaus siab rau kev qhuas.

Tom qab "Lub Eccentric" lawv nquag sau feuilletons rau lwm cov ntawv tshaj tawm: "Pravda", "Crocodile", "Literaturnaya Gazeta".

Kev tuag

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-1930s, Pravda correspondents Yevgeny Petrov thiab Ilya Ilf mus rau lub tebchaws United States, uas ua rau ib tug series ntawm essays "Ib zaj dab neeg. America."

Thaum lub sijhawm mus ncig, Ilf tau tsim kab mob ntsws, uas tau kuaj pom kaum xyoo dhau los. Yog li ntawd, cov kws sau ntawv tau ua haujlwm sib cais ntawm One-Story America. Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho kev sib koom ua ke tsim tau ntau dua 10 xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau pab ua cov ntawv sau ua ke ntawm Asmeskas lub neej.

Ilya Ilf tuag hauv Moscow rau lub Plaub Hlis 13, 1937. Nws nyob tsuas yog 39 xyoo xwb.

Ilya Ilf - kws yees duab

Nyob rau xyoo 1930, Ilf tau xav txog kev yees duab. Nws yees duab ntawm Leika. Tus kws sau ntawv coj ntau txhiab daim duab. Ntawm lawv muaj ntau yam tshwj xeeb - cov duab ntawm lub Cathedral ntawm Tswv Yexus tus Cawm Seej ua ntej thiab tom qab tawg, Mayakovsky lub ntees tuag, cov duab ntawm nto moo contemporaries - Mikhail Bulgakov, Boris Pasternak, Yuri Olesha. Nws cov duab qhia txog phau ntawv "One-story America".

Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Ilya Ilf, daim duab tau pom los ntawm nws tus ntxhais Alexandra. Nws sau lawv ua ke, npaj rau kev tshaj tawm. Yog li phau ntawv "Ilya Ilf - Tus kws yees duab" tau yug los.

Notebooks

Hais txog qhov tshwm sim rau nws hauv lub neej, Ilya Ilf sau los ntawm 1925 mus txog rau thaum nws tuag. Cov no yog phau ntawv teev npe los ntawm kev mus ncig, qee cov kab lus ua tiav, kos duab ntawm kev ua haujlwm yav tom ntej. Maj mam, lawv tau tsim los ua ib qho kev lees paub ua haujlwm puv ntoob. Phau ntawv muaj xws li sketches nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm prose paj huam, parodies, tseem ceeb xyuas. Lub USSR tswj luam tawm phau ntawv tsuas yog nrog kev txiav tseem ceeb. Tab sis tus kws sau ntawv cov lus tseem dhau los ua cov lus zoo thiab nthuav dav thoob plaws lub tebchaws.

Aphorisms

Ntau cov lus hais los ntawm Ilya Ilf tau dhau los ua cov lus zoo. ThiabNov yog qee qhov ntawm lawv:

• "Caw siv sijhawm thiab muaj peev xwm hais lus. Yog vim li cas cov neeg Amelikas haus cawv."
• "Muaj yam uas hloov tsis tau. Koj tuaj yeem tshem koj cov khau, tab sis koj tsis tuaj yeem qhia ib tus neeg los luag hauv Lavxias."
• "Zoo ua lag luam thaum tsis muaj dab tsi ua."
• "Nws tau qaug dej qaug cawv kom nws ua tau ntau yam txuj ci tseem ceeb me."
• "Nyob rau hauv fantasy novels, xov tooj cua yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Hauv qab nws, kev zoo siab ntawm noob neej tau xav txog. Muaj xov tooj cua, tiam sis tsis muaj kev zoo siab."
• "Txhua yam zoo raws li txoj kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv tsawg kawg."
• "Tsis muaj ib tug neeg taug kev tseem tsis tau khiav hla lub tsheb, tab sis vim qee tus neeg tsav tsheb tsis zoo siab."
• "Tseem muaj ib tus neeg uas tawm tsam hais lus kawg."
• "Txhua tus neeg txawj ntse sau sib txawv, txhua tus neeg nruab nrab sau tib yam thiab sau ntawv tib yam."
• “Kev sib tw ntawm cov neeg dag. Tus nqi zog siab tshaj mus rau tus neeg uas qhia qhov tseeb."

Ntxhais hmoob mes kas

Hais txog tsev neeg Ilya Ilf, ua ntej tshaj, nws tsim nyog hais txog nws cov kwv tij. Cov txwj laus, zoo li Ilya, poob rau hauv kev muaj tswv yim, ua rau lawv txiv poob siab. Sandro Fasini yog ib tug naas ej Fabkis cubist artist thiab kws yees duab. Mikhail Fainzilberg yog tus kws kos duab kos duab thiab kws yees duab hauv Soviet. Tus tij laug Benjamin ua neej raws li nws txiv qhov kev cia siab thiab dhau los ua tus kws tshawb fawb.

Tus kws sau ntawv tau ntsib nws tus poj niam Maria Tarasenko hauv Odessa. Masha kawm nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm painting, qhov twg Ilya tus tij laug qhia. Tus kws kos duab poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog nws tus kwv, tab sis tsis ntev tau muab nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm Ilya Ilf thiab nws cov cim ntawm kev mloog. Ilf mus rau Moscow - ob pebsib raug rau ob xyoos. Ntawm ib qho ntawm Maria mus ntsib, lawv tau sib yuav, tau txais ib chav hauv Sretensky Lane. Yuri Olesha thiab nws tus poj niam yog cov neeg nyob ze. Kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab chav tsev loj nrog ib tus neeg saib xyuas hauv tsev tau tshwm sim tom qab tso tawm Kaum Ob Hlis. Nyob rau hauv 1935, ib tug ntxhais, Sashenka, yug los. Ilya Arnoldovich doted rau nws, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem puag nws - nws ntshai kis nws tus ntxhais nrog tuberculosis.

Ua haujlwm los ntawm Ilf thiab Petrov

Nws tsis tuaj yeem tham txog Ilya Ilf yam tsis xav txog nws txoj haujlwm nrog Petrov. Ua ke, cov kws sau ntawv tau tsim ntau cov dab neeg, cov dab neeg luv luv, sau ntawv, cov ntawv sau, tab sis cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog lawv cov dab neeg taug txuj kev nyuaj txog kev taug txuj kev nyuaj ntawm tus kws tshaj lij Ostap Bender - "Lub Kaum Ob Hlis" thiab "Tus Calf" thiab. raws li kev sau ntawv mus ncig los ntawm kev sau "One-story America". Xav txog cov haujlwm no kom ntxaws ntxiv.

Kaum Ob Hlis Ntuj

Cov ntawv tshiab "Lub Kaum Ob Hlis" los ntawm Ilya Ilf thiab Evgeny Petrov yog lawv thawj txoj haujlwm. Nws tau sau raws li lub tswv yim ntawm Valentin Kataev, Petrov tus tij laug, uas cov kws sau ntawv tau tsim los ua ib qho kev lom zem puv npo.

Zaj duab xis yog ua raws li kev tshawb nrhiav cov pob zeb diamond uas muab zais rau hauv ib qho ntawm Madame Petukhova lub rooj zaum. Txawm tias muaj kev lom zem ntawm zaj dab neeg, ntau tus neeg thuam tau hais tias qhov tshiab muab lub ntiaj teb cov duab ntawm lub sijhawm tam sim no. Nws yog qhov tshiab no uas tau muab peb cov lus dab neeg Ostap Bender, nrog rau Kisa Vorobyaninov.

Kev sib raug zoo thiab kev thuam tau ntsib cov tshiab nrog kev txwv. Xyoo 1948, ua ke nrog Golden Calf, qhov tshiabraug txwv los ntawm kev tshaj tawm.

Golden Calf

Tus tshiab los ntawm Evgeny Petrov thiab Ilya Ilf "Lub Golden Calf" yog sau rau hauv ib hom ntawv tshiab picaresque nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib raug zoo. Piav qhia txog lub neej ntawm tus kws lij choj Bender tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm xyoo 1930 - txog qhov tshwm sim rau nws tom qab cov xwm txheej tau piav qhia hauv "Twelve Chairs". Tau luam tawm hauv 30 Hnub Magazine.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem sib xyaw. Lub ntsiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb nyob ib puag ncig Ostap Bender. Qee tus hais tias nws ntxim nyiam heev rau tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb, ib tus neeg pom nws lub ntsej muag ntawm tus neeg txawj ntse Lavxias.

Txij li lub Tsib Hlis 1931 nws tau luam tawm hauv Paris tsab ntawv xov xwm "Satyricon". Thawj phau ntawv puv puv tau luam tawm xyoo 1932 hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Thawj zaug tshwm sim hauv Lavxias xyoo 1933.

Ostap Bender, ua tus tub Lieutenant Schmidt, tab tom sim rho nyiaj los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm pawg thawj coj ntawm lub nroog Arbatov. Nyob ntawd nws ntsib lub zos "combinator" Shura Balaganov, ib tug neeg siab tawv tab sis lub siab nqaim, thiab cov neeg Yudais Panikovsky, ib tug swindler thiab neeg siab phem, txawj ntse nrhiav adventures. Ua ke lawv mus rau Chernomorsk mus nyiag ib tug tiag tiag Soviet millionaire - accountant Alexander Ivanovich Koreiko. Thawj tus neeg tsav tsheb tavxij hauv Arbatov, tus ncaj ncees tshaj plaws Adas Kozlevich, uas hlub nws lub tsheb "Gnu Antelope", pab lawv mus rau Chernomorsk, uas los ntawm lub caij nyoog los ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lawv lub tuam txhab motley.

Ib Zaj Dab Neeg America

Phau ntawv no yog ib phau ntawv taug kev txog Ilf thiab Petrov txoj kev mus ncig hauv Tebchaws Meskas, qhov twglawv tau tawm hauv xyoo 1935 ua cov neeg sau xov xwm rau cov ntawv xov xwm Pravda. Lawv nyob Amelikas tau peb hlis ib nrab.

Qee cov ntawv sau thaum mus ncig thiab luam tawm hauv Pravda nrog kev txiav me me. Thawj cov ntawv tau luam tawm xyoo 1936 hauv Ogonyok magazine. Cov duab Asmeskas ntawm Ilya Ilf nrog cov ntawv nyeem. Tag nrho phau ntawv tau sau thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1936. Nws tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv Znamya magazine, luam tawm nyob rau hauv Roman-gazeta thiab Soviet kws sau ntawv.

Cov neeg nyeem tau ua raws li kev taug txuj kev nyuaj ntawm cov kws sau ntawv thiab Asmeskas cov khub niam txiv Adams, uas nrog cov neeg Lavxias los ntawm Atlantic mus rau Pacific thiab rov qab. Phau ntawv no qhia meej txog lub neej ntawm cov neeg Amelikas hauv peb caug xyoo. Ntawm nws nplooj ntawv, cov neeg nyeem tau paub nrog Asmeskas cov neeg muaj npe nrov - Henry Ford, Joseph Steffens, Ernest Hemingway thiab lwm tus. Ilf thiab Petrov piav txog txhua lub nroog uas lawv ntsib lawv txoj kev, suav nrog Asmeskas lub nroog Washington thiab cov nroog loj xws li New York, San Francisco, Chicago, Los Angeles thiab lwm yam. Ntawm qhov txaus siab yog qhov kev piav qhia ntawm Hollywood filmmaking. Cov kws sau ntawv tham txog lub neej ntawm haiv neeg Khab, Mev, ntsib nrog cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw Lavxias. Phau ntawv tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Asmeskas lub neej rau ib tus neeg Lavxias. Los ntawm nws koj tuaj yeem kawm txog kev ua si hauv tebchaws (rodeo, bullfighting, wrestling, American football), US landmarks, achievements ntawm American zaum (lub teeb, phonograph, conveyor siv). Ib qho ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov phau ntawv yog cov toj roob hauv pes zoo nkauj ntawm Asmeskas: prairies, roob, suab puam, chaw ua si hauv tebchaws.

Daim duab piav txog lub neej nyob USA no heevLub hom phiaj. Tsis muaj ideology nyob rau hauv phau ntawv, tab sis tus qauv ntawm lub neej, kev txawj ntse passivity, gullibility raug thuam. Tab sis Ilf thiab Petrov qhuas Asmeskas kev pabcuam, txoj kev, kev muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm thiab ua kom pom tseeb ntawm lub neej thiab kev tsim khoom.

Screnings

Cov phau ntawv Ilf thiab Petrov tau nrov heev uas cov xinesmas tsis hla lawv. Raws li lawv tej hauj lwm, ntau cov yeeb yaj kiab tau raug tua. Cov yeeb yaj kiab raws li phau ntawv los ntawm Ilya Ilf thiab Evgeny Petrov yog nrov heev. Cov neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab hauv ntiaj teb tseem tab tom tig mus rau cov phiaj xwm satirists!

"Lub Kaum Ob Hlis Ntuj" los ntawm Ilya Ilf thiab Yevgeny Petrov - zaj dab neeg ntawm Ostap Bender txoj kev taug txuj kev nyuaj - tau ua yeeb yaj kiab ntau dua 20 zaug. Cov neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab txawv teb chaws tau hloov kho tshiab rau qhov tseeb hauv zos, hloov cov npe ntawm cov cim thiab cov zajlus. Cov neeg German tau ua yeeb yaj kiab "13 Lub Rooj Zaum", cov yeeb yaj kiab "Kev Zoo Siab Tsis Muaj Lub Rooj Zaum", "Ib ntawm Kaum Peb" tau tso tawm hauv Ltalis, "Thov zaum" hauv tebchaws Askiv, thiab "Seven Black Bras" tau tso tawm hauv Sweden. Xyoo 1971, ob zaj yeeb yaj kiab los ntawm Leonid Gaidai tau tso tawm, uas yog qhov ua tau zoo. Nyob rau hauv 1976, Ostap Bender ua si los ntawm Andrei Mironov. Mark Zakharov zaj duab xis muaj ntau lub suab paj nruag scenes uas tau nrov heev ntawm cov neeg.

Tab thib ob, "Ntuj Nplaim Siab" no tsuas yog thaij nrog peb xwb. Tus thawj coj Georgy Danelia yog thawj tus coj tus tshiab. Xyoo 1958, cov yeeb yaj kiab luv luv Vasisualy Lokhankin tau tso tawm, uas tsuas yog ib qho ntawm qhov tshiab tau tshwm sim. Qhov nrov tshaj plaws yog zaj duab xis adaptation ntawm Mikhail Schweitzer. Starring Sergey YurskyLeonid Kuravlev, Zinovy Gerdt, Evgeny Evstigneev ua haujlwm nrog nws ntawm qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv 1993, Igor Tolstunov tau hloov kho cov tshiab rau niaj hnub kev muaj tiag thiab ua rau zaj duab xis Npau suav ntawm ib tug neeg vwm. Bender los ua ib tug nruab nrab-hnub nyoog bald macho, Shura Balaganov los ua ib tug gopnik, Panikovsky los ua ib tug me ntsis kev txawj ntse. Tsis ntev los no, Golden Calf series tau tso tawm, ua yeeb yam Oleg Menshikov, Mikhail Efremov, Fedor Dobronravov.