2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Tus naas ej Spanish Federico Garcia Lorca hauv kev kos duab ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum tau ntev yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Nws cov keeb kwm tau dhau mus dhau lub teb chaws kab lis kev cai thiab txiav txim siab txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kev tsim duab kos duab tsis yog hauv cov ntaub ntawv nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj yog hauv kev kos duab, suab paj nruag, ua yeeb yam thiab xinesmas. Lorca cov paj huam tau muab txhais ua ntau hom lus hauv ntiaj teb no.
Los ntawm tus kws sau paj huam
Federico Garcia Lorca yug rau lub Rau Hli 5, 1898 hauv lub nroog me ntawm Fuente Vaqueros, lub nroog loj ntawm lub xeev Granada. Nyob ntawd tus kws sau paj lug thaum yau thiab cov hluas dhau mus. Qhov ci ntsa iab thiab ntau yam txuj ci ntawm tus tub hluas tau pom thaum ntxov, uas tso cai rau cov tub ntxhais hluas Federico koom nrog hauv lub neej ntawm lub xeev cov duab kos duab.
Ntawm University of Granada, Garcia Lorca tau kawm ntau yam kev kawm ib zaug - kev cai lij choj, kev xav thiab kev sau ntawv. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum cuaj, tus kws sau paj lug Spanish tau luam tawm nws thawj phau ntawv paj huam, Impressions thiab Landscapes. Phau ntawv no tau cim los ntawm lub nroog kev thuam thiab coj nws lub koob meej sab nraud nws lub xeev.
Nyob hauv peev
Tom qab tsiv mus rau Madrid hauv xyoo 1919, Federico Garcia Lorca pom nws tus kheej hauv cov tuam txhab ntawm tib neeg, ntau tus neeg tom qab ntawd yuav raug hu ua classics ntawm kos duab ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum. Cov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog Salvador Dali thiab Luis Bunuel. Lorca cov paj huam tau paub thiab xav tau hauv Spanish peev, uas ua rau nws muaj tswv yim koom tes nrog Eslava Theatre. Ntawm qhov kev tawm tswv yim ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm pab pawg no, Martinez Sierra, nws sau qhov kev ua si "Witchcraft thiab Butterflies", uas tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 1920.
Tus kws sau paj lug sim ua ke lub neej bohemian cua daj cua dub nrog kev kawm ntawm lub peev lub tsev kawm ntawv. Ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais kawm, nws tau teev tseg txog xyoo 1928. Tag nrho lub sij hawm no tus kws sau paj lug tau ua hauj lwm nyuaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam. Nws cov paj huam sau tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub peev lub tsev tshaj tawm. Tej hauj lwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas kws sau paj lug tau nyeem nrog kev txaus siab los ntawm ntau haiv neeg, sib tham thiab hais nyob rau hauv xovxwm.
Avant-garde artist
Rau lub ntiaj teb sab hnub poob European kos duab, nees nkaum thiab peb caug xyoo pua nees nkaum yog lub sijhawm hloov pauv loj. Ntau hom kev cai uas tau tsim los rau ntau pua xyoo tau raug kev hloov pauv rov xav dua thiab kev puas tsuaj. Nrog rau nws cov neeg koom tes thiab cov neeg koom tes, Federico Garcia Lorca pom nws tus kheej nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov txheej txheem no. Nws biography yog inextricably txuas nrog lub keeb kwm ntawm lub artistic avant-garde. Nws tsis yooj yim sua kom tsis txhob nco txog kev sib nrig sib cuam tshuam uas cov neeg tsim khoom tshiab tau muaj rau ib leeg.
Cov haujlwm ntawm titans ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum - Salvador Dali, Luis Bunuel, Pablo Picasso, Federico Garcia Lorca - yuav zoo sib xws yog tias cov kws ua yeeb yam no ua haujlwm sib cais. Characteristically, ntxiv rau paj huam thiab ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauvCov cuab yeej cuab tam muaj tswv yim ntawm tus kws sau paj huam Spanish kuj suav nrog cov duab kos duab thiab duab.
Gypsy Romanceros
Ib qho ntawm nws cov ntawv sau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm paj huam Garcia Lorca mob siab rau lub ntiaj teb ntawm kev hlub gypsy. Hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov xeev yav qab teb ntawm Spain, gypsy tivthaiv yeej ib txwm nyob hauv qhov chaw tsim nyog. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov paj huam ntawm Garcia Lorca, cov yam ntxwv dluab ntawm lub ntiaj teb no gypsy tau ci ntsa iab nrog cov xim tshiab.
Qhov tshiab thiab tsis txawv ntawm cov paj huam sau "Gypsy Romanceros" luam tawm xyoo 1928 yog qhov tseeb tias tus kws sau paj huam tau tswj hwm cov lus dab neeg li niaj zaus ntawm gypsy folklore nrog cov lus qhia ntawm kev kos duab avant-garde thaum ntxov. xyoo pua nees nkaum.
Nyob New York
Kev xav mus hla dej hiav txwv mus rau ib qib lossis lwm qhov tau ntsib los ntawm ntau tus neeg muaj tswv yim tshaj lij. Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse nyob sab Europe pom nws tus kheej nyob rau sab nraud ntawm Atlantic hauv kev cia siab tias yuav muaj kev puas tsuaj loj ntawm kev tsov rog ntiaj teb. Tab sis Federico Garcia Lorca mus rau Amelikas ntev ua ntej cov lem ntawm lub tank rumbled raws txoj kev ntawm Tebchaws Europe. Rau tus kws sau paj lug, qhov kev mus ntsib no yog ib qho kev sim ua kom tawg mus rau qhov tshiab muaj tswv yim horizons. Nws nyuaj rau hais tias nws txoj kev npaj yuav mus deb npaum li cas, tab sis hauv New York tus kws sau paj huam ua haujlwm hnyav thiab tshaj tawm cov phau ntawv tshiab.
Nyob hauv tsawg dua ob xyoos ntawm kev ua haujlwm Asmeskas, Garcia Lorca tau sau cov yeeb yaj kiab "The Public" thiab "Thaum Tsib Xyoo Dhau". Thiab cov nkauj ntawm lub sijhawm no ua ib phau ntawv poetic"Poet nyob New York". Tab sis tus kws sau paj huam Spanish tsis tuaj yeem suav txog qhov ua tiav tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj haujlwm hauv ib puag ncig hais lus Askiv.
Rov qab rau Spain
Nyob rau thaum ntxov thirties, nom tswv turbulence yog loj hlob nyob rau hauv Iberian Peninsula. Nws yog nrog cov txheej txheem no uas rov qab los ntawm Federico Garcia Lorca los ntawm Asmeskas tau sib koom ua ke. Tab sis nws tau rov qab mus rau nws lub tebchaws los ua tus kws sau ntawv zoo thiab tus kws ua yeeb yam, uas nws cov yeeb yam tau ua tiav nrog kev ua tiav tas li hauv ntau qhov kev ua yeeb yam. Nyob rau hauv 1931, tus kws sau paj lug raug nug mus rau lub taub hau ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ua yeeb yam "La Baccarat". Tau txais qhov kev pom zoo no, Garcia Lorca muab cov haujlwm ua haujlwm nrog kev sau ntawv hnyav. Lub sijhawm no, nws tau sau ob zaj yeeb yaj kiab uas suav nrog cov nyiaj kub ntawm cov ntawv Spanish - "Lub Tsev ntawm Bernard Alba" thiab "Bloody Wedding". Muaj ntau ntau lub tswv yim tshiab ua ntej, uas yeej tsis tau muaj tseeb.
Txoj kev kws sau paj huam
Hauv kev ua tsov rog loj zuj zus thoob plaws hauv Spain, Federico Garcia Lorca tsis tau hais txog kev khuv leej rau ib tog kev sib ntaus sib tua. Tej zaum nws xav tias yog nyob saum qhov fray, nws tuaj yeem muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm ob sab ntawm qhov thaiv. Tab sis nws tswj kom nkag siab tag nrho qhov tob ntawm nws qhov kev xav tsuas yog thaum nws twb tsis tuaj yeem kho txhua yam. Garcia Lorca paub zoo tias Granada raug ntes los ntawm Spanish fascists thaum nws mus rau nws lub xeev hauv lub Yim Hli 1936. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tau muab qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov tseeb no.
Muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntseeg tau tsawg heev txog hnub kawg ntawm tus kws sau paj huamcov ntaub ntawv. Nws tsuas yog paub tias nws raug ntes thaum Lub Yim Hli 16, 1936 thiab tua hnub tom qab los ntawm kab lus ntawm tus tswv xeev ntawm Granada, Valdes Guzman. Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog dab tsi tau liam rau tus kws sau paj huam yog qhov tsis sib xws heev. Raws li qee cov ntaub ntawv, cov no yog ob peb zaj paj huam uas muaj cov yam ntxwv nthuav tawm surrealistic duab. Allegedly, lawv ua phem rau kev ntseeg thiab kev coj ncaj ncees txoj kev xav ntawm tus tswv xeev fascist. Thiab lwm qhov chaw hais tias tus kws sau paj huam raug foob nrog kev sib deev tsis yog kev coj noj coj ua.
Tab sis hnub no nws tsis yooj yim sua kom ntseeg tau tias tsis yog qhov kev foob tawm tsam tus kws sau paj huam, tab sis kuj yog qhov chaw ntawm nws qhov kev tua thiab qhov ntxa. Lub cev ntawm tus kws sau paj lug tsis pom nyob rau hauv 2008 thaum lub sij hawm qhib lub burials ntawm peb caug. Thiab qhov tseeb no txhawb nqa cov ntawv uas twb muaj lawm uas Federico Garcia Lorca tsis raug tua. Nws tsis yooj yim sua kom tshem tawm qhov ua tau tias tus kws sau paj huam dim txoj kev tuag thiab tom qab ntawd tau ploj mus yam tsis muaj ib txoj hauv kev hauv maelstrom ntawm kev tsov kev rog.
Pom zoo:
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