Poet Mikhail Svetlov: biography, creativity, nco

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Zaj dab neeg txog Mikhail Svetlov - tus kws sau paj huam Soviet, tus kws sau nkauj thiab sau xov xwm - suav nrog lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm thaum lub sijhawm kiv puag ncig, kev tsov kev rog thiab ob lub ntiaj teb kev tsov kev rog, nrog rau lub sijhawm ntawm kev ntxub ntxaug nom tswv. Tus kws sau paj huam no zoo li cas, nws tus kheej lub neej zoo li cas thiab txoj kev muaj tswv yim zoo li cas?

Mikhail Arkadyevich Svetlov (lub npe tiag tiag Sheinkman) yug rau lub Rau Hli 4 (17), 1903 hauv Yekaterinoslav (niaj hnub Dnepropetrovsk). Mikhail txiv, ib tug neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg Yudais, tau tsa nws tus tub thiab tus ntxhais Elizabeth hauv qhov chaw ntawm kev ua haujlwm hnyav thiab kev ncaj ncees. Muaj peev xwm hais lus kom raug thiab succinctly, hlub qhov tseeb thiab xav qhia nws - tag nrho cov no Mikhail tau txais ua tsaug rau nws tsev neeg ncaj ncees thiab nyuaj ua hauj lwm. Txog nws thaum yau, Svetlov tso dag hais tias nws txiv ib zaug nqa tag nrho cov phau ntawv los ntawm Lavxias teb sab classics los ua lub hnab rau muag cov noob. "Kuv txiv thiab kuv tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus - thaum xub thawj kuv nyeem, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd nws dov lub hnab," tus kws sau paj lug hais.

Txij thaum muaj hnub nyoog 14 xyoos, nqa tawm los ntawm cov tswv yim ntawm pawg ntseeg, tus neeg txhawb nqa siab ntawm Leon Trotsky thiab tus neeg sib tw ntawm Russia kev koom tes hauv Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib, cov tub ntxhais hluas Mikhail tau luam tawm nws.thawj cov ntawv tshaj tawm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm hauv zos Lub Suab ntawm Tub Rog.

Thawj kauj ruam hauv kev muaj tswv yim

Xyoo 1919, 16-xyoo-laus Mikhail tau raug tsa los ua tus thawj coj ntawm Komsomol xovxwm hauv Yekaterinoslav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws thawj zaug siv lub npe "Svetlov".

Tam sim no xyoo 1920, tsis xav nyob deb ntawm kev tawm tsam, tus tub hluas tau tuaj yeem pab dawb rau Red Army, qhia nws tus kheej ua tub rog siab tawv thiab tsis ntshai ntawm Tsov Rog Tsov Rog. Nyob rau hauv 1923, Svetlov thawj sau paj huam "Rails", tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv Kharkov, tab sis nws ua tau zoo tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib tug nqaim voj voog ntawm tus kws sau paj lug paub. Tom qab ntawd, tus kws sau paj lug tau tsiv mus rau Moscow, koom nrog hauv pawg neeg sau ntawv "Young Guard" thiab "Pass", tso tawm ob phau ntawv sau paj huam ntxiv nyob rau hauv lub npe "Poems" hauv xyoo 1924, thiab "Roots" hauv xyoo 1925.

Grenada

Lub Yim Hli 29, 1926, Komsomolskaya Pravda luam tawm paj huam los ntawm 23-xyoo-laus Mikhail Svetlov. Nws biography raws li ib tug naas ej kws sau paj lug pib precisely los ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim. Nws yog paj huam "Grenada":

Kuv tawm hauv tsev, mus sib ntaus, Tau tsaws hauv Grenada

Thov rov qab rau cov neeg ua liaj ua teb.

Nyob zoo phooj ywg -

"Grenada, Grenada, Grenada yog kuv li!"

Cov paj huam tam sim ntawd nthuav tawm thoob plaws lub tebchaws thiab tau nyob ntawm txhua tus daim di ncauj - txawm tias Vladimir Mayakovsky nws tus kheej nyeem lawv ntawm ib qho ntawm nws cov lus hais. Thiab Marina Tsvetaeva nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm nwsCov ntawv sau rau Boris Pasternak hu ua "Grenada" nws nyiam paj huam ntawm txhua yam uas nws tau nyeem nyob rau xyoo tas los no.

Cov paj huam nrov tsis ploj txawm tias ib xyoo caum tom qab - xyoo 1936, cov tub rog Soviet koom nrog kev ua tsov rog Spanish hu nkauj "Grenada" teeb tsa suab paj nruag thaum ya hla Guadalajara. Qab lawv, lub siab xav tau khaws los ntawm European fighters - paj huam los ua thoob ntiaj teb.

Thaum ua tsov rog hauv Nazi lub chaw tuag hu ua Mauthausen, cov neeg raug kaw tau hu nkauj "Grenada" ua ib zaj nkauj rau kev ywj pheej. Mikhail Svetlov tau hais tias nws yog nyob rau hauv cov paj huam no uas nws pom nws tus kheej ua ib tug kws sau paj huam tiag tiag.

Kev tawm tsam

Txij li xyoo 1927, thaum kawm hauv Moscow State University, hauv phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Mikhail Svetlov, lub sijhawm tau los thaum nws txiav txim siab los ua tus sawv cev ntawm sab laug tawm tsam. Ib lub tsev luam ntawv tsis raug cai ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm tawm tsam Kommunist nyob hauv nws lub tsev, ua ke nrog cov kws sau paj huam Golodny thiab Utkin, nws tau npaj paj huam yav tsaus ntuj, cov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam Red Cross thiab muab kev pab nyiaj txiag rau cov tsev neeg ntawm Trotskyists raug ntes. Rau qhov no, xyoo 1928 Svetlov raug ntiab tawm ntawm Komsomol.

Xyoo 1934, Svetlov tau hais lus tsis zoo txog lub koomhaum tshiab ntawm Cov Neeg Sau Ntawv ntawm USSR, hu nws cov haujlwm "kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo", thiab xyoo 1938 - txog kev sim Moscow ntawm kev tawm tsam "Right-Trotskyist" bloc, hu nws "organized murders". Tus kws sau paj huam poob siab nrog Stalin li castag nrho cov revolutionary thiab communist tswv yim tau distorted los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm. "Lub Koom Txoos Communist tau ploj mus ntev, nws tau degenerated rau hauv ib yam dab tsi txaus ntshai thiab tsis muaj dab tsi ua rau cov proletariat," Mikhail Svetlov ua siab loj hais tawm.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ua tsov ua rog, thaum lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Mikhail Svetlov nyob rau ntawm daim di ncauj ntawm ob leeg tub rog thiab cov neeg zoo tib yam, tsa lub siab dawb paug, thiab nws tus kheej ua ib tug ua tsov ua rog sau xov xwm nyob rau hauv lub Red Army, tus kws sau paj lug "anti-Soviet. "Cov lus tau ua rau qhov muag tsis pom kev. Nws txawm tau txais ob qho Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Lub Hnub Qub Liab thiab ntau yam khoom plig. Nyob rau hauv daim duab hauv qab no, Mikhail Svetlov (txoj cai) nrog rau pem hauv ntej comrade nyob rau hauv yeej Berlin.

Tab sis nyob rau xyoo tom qab ua tsov ua rog, Svetlov cov paj huam ib txwm hloov mus rau hauv kev txwv tsis pub hais - lawv tsis tau tshaj tawm, lawv tsis tham txog nws, nws tau txwv tsis pub mus txawv tebchaws. Qhov no txuas ntxiv mus txog xyoo 1954, thaum nws txoj haujlwm raug tiv thaiv ntawm Pawg Neeg Sau Ntawv Thib Ob. Tom qab ntawd, kev hloov pauv tau tshwm sim hauv phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Mikhail Svetlov - nws txoj haujlwm tau raug tso cai "tso cai", thaum kawg pib tham txog nws qhib. Lub sijhawm no, Svetlov cov paj huam sau tau luam tawm: "Horizon", "Hunting Lodge", "Poems ntawm xyoo tsis ntev los no".

Lub neej ntiag tug

Mikhail Svetlov tau sib yuav ob zaug. Tsis muaj ntaub ntawv hais txog thawj tus poj niam, kev sib yuav thib ob yog nrog Rodam Amirejibi, tus muam ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Georgian nto moo Chabua Amirejibi. Nyob rau hauv 1939, Mikhail thiab Rodam muaj ib tug tub, Alexander, kuj hu ua Sandro Svetlov, me ntsis-paub screenwriter thiab tus thawj coj. Nyob rau hauv daim duab hauv qab no, Mikhail Svetlov nrogpoj niam thiab tub.

Memory

Mikhail Arkadyevich Svetlov tuag ntawm mob ntsws cancer rau lub Cuaj Hlis 28, 1964, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 61 xyoos, raug faus rau ntawm Novodevichy tojntxas. Rau qhov kawg sau paj huam "Cov paj huam ntawm xyoo tas los no" nws tau txais txiaj ntsig Lenin nqi zog tom qab, thiab tom qab ntawd - Lenin Komsomol nqi zog.

Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus kws sau paj huam Mikhail Svetlov suav nrog ntau yam haujlwm, suav nrog paj huam, nkauj, sau ntawv thiab ua yeeb yam. Ntxiv nrog rau "Grenada", cov hauj lwm nto moo tshaj plaws yog cov paj huam "Italian", "Kakhovka", "Big Road", "Kuv Cov Phooj Ywg Zoo" thiab cov yeeb yam "Fairy Tale", "Neeg Xyoo Tom Qab", "Hlub rau Peb. Txiv kab ntxwv" (raws li cov hauj lwm eponymous los ntawm Carlo Gozzi).

Lub Kaum Hli 1965, Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv Cov Hluas Moscow tau raug hu ua tus kws sau paj huam, txog niaj hnub no hu ua "Svetlovka". Nyob rau hauv 1968, Leonid Gaidai hu ua lub nkoj nkoj tom qab Mikhail Svetlov hauv nws zaj duab xis "Lub Pob Zeb Diamond Tes", nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm tus kws sau paj lug, uas nws hwm heev. Lub nkoj tiag tiag - lub nkoj dej muaj npe tom qab Svetlov - tau tsim tawm hauv xyoo 1985 nkaus xwb. Nyob rau hauv ntau lub nroog ntawm lub qub USSR, txoj kev uas muaj npe tom qab tus kws sau paj lug tau muaj txoj sia nyob mus txog rau niaj hnub no, thiab nyob rau hauv Kakhovka, uas nws hu nkauj, lub central microdistrict (Svetlovo) tau muab lub npe tom qab nws.