Cov ntawv luv luv ntawm Tvardovsky rau cov kiv cua ntawm kev muaj tswv yim

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Lub xyoo pua 20th tau muab ntau tus kws sau ntawv hauv ntiaj teb uas nws tej hauj lwm tau nto moo thiab yeej kev hlub ntawm ntau lab tus tib neeg. Thiab ib qho ntawm cov txuj ci no yog Alexander Tvardovsky. Nws luv luv biography, txawm li cas los xij, nrog rau nws daim ntawv tag nrho, tau kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm. Thiab tsis muaj qhov xav tsis thoob, vim hais tias lub neej ntawm tus kws sau ntawv thiab kws sau paj huam Soviet no muaj kev txaus siab thiab nyob rau tib lub sijhawm tragic txheej xwm. Tsab ntawv xov xwm no yuav nthuav qhia txog keeb kwm luv luv ntawm Tvardovsky rau cov neeg uas tseem tsis tau nyeem ua ntej. Kho qhov kev saib xyuas sai sai.

Yog li ntawd, yav tom ntej kws sau paj lug thiab kws sau ntawv tau yug los xyoo 1910. Qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb no tau tshwm sim hauv lub xeev Smolensk hauv tsev neeg ntawm tus kws ntaus hlau, uas nws lub npe yog Tryphon. Alexander niam yog Maria Mitrofanovna. Leej txiv ntawm tus kws sau ntawv yav tom ntej yog ib tug txiv neej nyeem tau zoo, yog li hauv tsev feem ntau tuaj yeem hnov nrov nyeem los ntawm Lermontov, Pushkin, Nikitin, Gogol, Ershov, thiab lwm yam. Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias me ntsis Sasha pib sau paj huam thaum ntxov. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub sijhawm ntawd nws tsis tuaj yeem nyeem tau lossis sau cia, vim nws tsis nyeem ntawv. Nws thawj zaj paj huam yog npau taws denunciation ntawm cov me nyuam me me uas puasnoog zes.

Ib phau ntawv keeb kwm luv luv ntawm Tvardovsky tshaj tawm tias twb nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv, thaum nws muaj 14 xyoo, nws tau ua haujlwm ntawm selcor rau cov ntawv xov xwm hauv zos. Thiab xyoo 1925, cov ntawv xov xwm no tau luam tawm thawj tus kws sau paj huam. Tom qab 4 xyoos, Alexander mus rau Moscow mus nrhiav ib txoj hauj lwm sau ntawv raws li nws nyiam. Tab sis txog ib xyoos tom qab nws rov qab mus rau Smolensk, kawm ntawm lub koom haum pedagogical thiab nyob ntawm no mus txog 1936. Nyob ib ncig ntawm tib lub sijhawm, cov xwm txheej tragic tshwm sim hauv lub neej ntawm tus kws sau ntawv. Nws tsev neeg raug ntiab tawm thiab raug ntiab tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias txhua yam, cov ntawv sau tau tshwm nyob rau hauv lub npe "Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ua liaj ua teb Smolensk." Zaj paj huam "Lub teb chaws Ant" tuaj yeem raug hu ua qhov chaw loj hauv nws txoj haujlwm.

Xyoo 1936, Alexander txawm li cas los xij tsiv mus rau Moscow. Qhov no yog qhia los ntawm ib tug luv luv biography ntawm Tvardovsky. Thiab thaum lub sij hawm xyoo ntawm kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub koom haum ntawm keeb kwm, Philosophy thiab ntawv nyeem, nws tau ua ntau yam translations ntawm classics ntawm cov neeg ntawm lub USSR. Thaum Alexander yog ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv, nws tau txais qhov Order of Lenin rau cov kev pab rau cov ntaub ntawv. Vim qhov tseeb tias tus kws sau ntawv tau ua tiav tag nrho-Union lees paub, nws tswj kom rov qab nws tsev neeg los ntawm kev ntiab tawm.

Tus kws sau paj lug txoj kev ua tub rog pib xyoo 1939. Nws nquag koom nrog kev sib tw ua tub rog. Thiab tej hauj lwm tsim thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog xyoo coj koob meej rau Tvardovsky. Dab tsi yog zaj paj huam "Vasily Terkin" muaj nqis. Txhua tus neeg kawm ntawv tsawg kawg ib zaug hauv nws lub neej, tab sis nyeem nws. Cov paj huam "Lub Tsev ntawm Txoj Kev" kuj muaj npe nrov, piav qhia txog kev txaus ntshai thiab kev cia siab ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog. Cov no tsis yog txhua yam haujlwm uasqhuas tus kws sau paj huam thiab uas A. T. Tvardovsky txaus siab rau.

Nws zaj dab neeg luv luv qhia tias nyob rau xyoo tom qab tsov rog nws yog tus thawj coj hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm thaj av Vladimir, tom qab ntawd Voronezh. Thiab nyob rau xyoo 1950, tus kws sau ntawv tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj coj ntawm phau ntawv xov xwm hu ua Novy Mir. Hauv kaum xyoo tom ntej, Tvardovsky txuas ntxiv tsim. Thiab cov ntawv xov xwm coj mus rau ib qho kev taw qhia tshiab nrog Khrushchev qhov kev tso cai. "Neo-Stalinists" tsis txaus siab rau cov kev hloov pauv, yog li tom qab tshem tawm Nikita Sergeevich, kev tawm tsam tau tawm tsam "Lub Ntiaj Teb Tshiab". Glavlit tsis tso cai rau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb luam tawm, tab sis tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem tso tseg Alexander Tvardovsky. Raws li lwm txoj hauv kev no, nws cov neeg sawv cev raug tshem tawm ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm, thiab cov neeg ua phem tau coj lawv qhov chaw. Phau ntawv keeb kwm luv luv ntawm Tvardovsky qhia tias nws tseem yuav tsum tau tawm hauv xyoo 1970, txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv phau ntawv xov xwm tawm nrog nws. Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1971, thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 18, Alexander Tvardovsky poob mob thiab tuag sai tom qab. Ib tus kws sau ntawv paub zoo, tus neeg hwm thiab txawj ntse, tau faus rau ntawm Moscow's Novodevichy Cemetery.