Nikolai Borisov: zaj dab neeg txog ib zaj dab neeg

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

History yog ib txoj kev tshawb fawb, feem ntau yog subjective. Txhua lub bark birch yog sau los ntawm ib tug neeg, thiab qhov no twb hais txog nws tus kheej kev nkag siab thiab kev ntsuam xyuas. Phau ntawv keeb kwm thiab keeb kwm muaj kev paub uas tsis yog ib txwm cuam tshuam txog cov xwm txheej. Thiab tseem, nyob rau hauv txhua txhua lub sij hawm muaj chroniclers, ua tsaug rau cov uas peb paub lub geography ntawm lub nroog, tub rog redistribution ntawm ib ncig, lub npe ntawm cov nom tswv, ntiaj teb no cov xwm txheej nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm lub teb chaws thiab haiv neeg. Yuav txhais li cas cov keeb kwm no yog lwm lo lus nug, cov kws tshawb fawb tau koom nrog qhov no.

Nyob ib me ntsis yuav sau

Qhov muaj peev xwm tshaj plaws hauv cov teeb meem ntawm medieval Russia niaj hnub no yog Nikolai Borisov. Tshawb nrhiav thiab sib piv cov lus tseeb ntawm lub sijhawm, lub taub hau ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Keeb Kwm ntawm Moscow State University tsim cov qauv, qhia meej cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus piav qhia. Muaj tseeb tiag, nws tsis nrawm los sau nws phau ntawv keeb kwm hauv keeb kwm ntawm ntau pua xyoo.

Yuav tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog nws thaum yau, tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm xyoo, nws yuav haum rau ib nqe lus luv luv thiab piav qhia me ntsis. Tsis yooj yimCov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv uas txiav txim siab kawm txog XX-XXI centuries yuav tsum.

Nikolai yug rau lub Xya Hli 29, 1952 hauv lub nroog Essentuki hauv toj roob hauv pes ntawm Caucasus. Cov niam txiv: niam yog ib tug engineer railway, leej txiv yog ib tug neeg sau xov xwm rau kev lag luam ntawv xov xwm Gudok. Tuaj txog ntawm qhov chaw sau ntawv, nws txiv tau tawm ntawm ib tus neeg ua haujlwm sau ntawv mus rau txoj kev pos rau tus kws sau ntawv.

Los ntawm ib qho kev sib tham, cov ntaub ntawv nthuav tawm: Nikolai yawg ua haujlwm ua tus kws qhia lus Lavxias thiab ntawv nyeem. Yawg kuj yog ib tug xib hwb, qhia lej. Nikolai txiv indirectly txuas nws lub neej nrog cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis Nikolai nws tus kheej mus ntxiv - nws los ua ib tug kws sau ntawv. Lawv hais tias txawm nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb nws tso cai rau lyrical digressions, txawm hais tias nws muaj kev kawm zoo heev ntawm kev sau ntawv.

Nws hu nyeem tshuaj. Txij thaum yau, tus txiv leej tub txawj nyeem ntawv thiab loj hlob dhau nws xyoo, nws nyiam nyeem ntawv, nkag siab yam me me.

Nws tau sib yuav, tab sis tsis muaj ntaub ntawv hais txog tsev neeg nyob rau hauv pej xeem qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv biography Nikolai Borisov, tsuas yog ua hauj lwm: monographs, phau ntawv, seminars, lectures.

Nyob rau nruab nrab hnub

Nws yog qhov nkag tsis tau kiag li, tom qab kawm ntawv, nws tsis yog tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm, tab sis yog kws kho tsheb. Ib xyoos tom qab, tau ua raws li cov lus qhia hauv lub neej, Nikolai Borisov nkag mus rau Kws Qhia Ntawv Keeb Kwm ntawm Moscow State University, tau kawm tiav los ntawm nws, tiv thaiv nws txoj kev tshawb fawb rau Metropolitan Cyprian.

Peb xyoos tom qab ntawd nws tau ua tiav nws txoj kev kawm Ph. D. ntawm kev khaws cia ntawm Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai thaum lub xyoo ntawm Tatar-Mongol yoke.

Txij thaum xyoo 1977, nws tau ua haujlwm ntawm nws niam txiv, kawm txog tebchaws Russia thaum ub, thiab txaus siab rau kev kawm kev cai dab qhuas.

Los ntawm Junior ResearcherLaboratory, nws yuav mus txog tag nrho cov theem ntawm kev loj hlob hauj lwm: senior lecturer, associate professor, professor, lub taub hau ntawm department (txij li thaum 2007).

Cov kws kho mob hais tawm tau raug tiv thaiv hauv xyoo 2000 thiab tau hais txog txoj cai ntawm Moscow cov thawj coj thaum tig ntawm 13th-14th centuries. Niaj hnub no Nikolai Sergeevich yog ib tug zoo keeb kwm ntawm Russia.

Xib Fwb cov lus qhuab qhia muaj ntau yam nrog kev tshawb fawb thiab kev sau ntawv tsis zoo. Xav tias nws yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees rau kev kawm cov kev kawm nkaus xwb hauv cov chav kawm hauv lub koom haum, Tus Kws Kho Mob ntawm Keeb Kwm Kev Tshawb Fawb tau npaj kev mus ncig nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm mus rau Solovetsky Museum-Reserve.

Ntau tshaj ob kaum daim diplomas sau los ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais kawm. Xya Ph. D. cov no nyob rau hauv nws kev saib xyuas tau tiv thaiv los ntawm cov neeg thov kev ntseeg.

Ntxiv rau kev kawm txhua hnub, nws txaus siab rau cov tub ntxhais kawm nrog cov lus nug ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm cov txheej txheem epochal. Nws nrov kev tshawb fawb los ntawm kev qhia hauv TV (channel "Bibigon"), tau kawg, tsis qhuav thiab sophisticated: nrog kev nthuav qhia nthuav dav thiab cov lus nug tsis yooj yim, cov lus teb uas koj xav hnov. Nikolai Borisov feem ntau tshwm sim hauv TV, nws nyiam ua tus kws tshaj lij ntawm Lavxias Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, teeb meem ntawm kev ntseeg, kev coj noj coj ua.

Tus kws sau ntawv tawm ntawm nws lub sijhawm

Kev kawm txog kab lis kev cai, kev ntseeg, lub neej, ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog, tus kws sau keeb kwm txuas ntxiv nthuav nws lub voj voog ntawm kev txaus siab: nws tau txaus siab los ntawm kev nom kev tswv, architecture, keeb kwm hauv zos. Los ntawm ntau lub ces kaum nws tshuaj xyuas lub neej ntawm medieval Russians. Nws xav qhia cov ntaub ntawv no tsis yog nrog lub voj voog nqaim ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm. Xyoo 1990 "YoungTus neeg saib xyuas" luam tawm phau ntawv "Thiab tswm ciab yuav tsis tawm …" txog lub neej ntawm Sergius ntawm Radonezh (series "Keeb kwm portrait"). Txij thaum ntawd los, cov neeg nyeem phau ntawv Lavxias tau lees paub tus kws sau ntawv ntse thiab nthuav.

Nyob rau hauv tus kws sau ntawv archive - 23 phau ntawv luam tawm, cov ntawv hauv cov ntawv xov xwm. Nws sau txog kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kulikovo thiab ib puag ncig ntawm Yaroslavl, cov thawj coj hauv pawg ntseeg thiab cov thawj tswj hwm, kev coj ncaj ncees thiab kev nom kev tswv ntawm Russia thaum ub. Tus xibfwb tham txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev qhia: lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb hauv kev txhim kho hauv zej zog, cov ntawv ntawm cov phau ntawv, kev qhia txog keeb kwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Nws tej hauj lwm tau siv thiab scientific nqi.

About the neej neeg zoo

ZhZL series tau nrov heev nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm: nws tau qhia txog cov neeg zoo uas tau tso lub cim tsis tuaj yeem ntawm keeb kwm ntawm lub xeev thiab lub ntiaj teb. Thawj phau ntawv ntawm tus sau Nikolai Borisov nyob rau hauv no series yog "Ivan Kalita. Sawv ntawm Moscow ", luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1995, reprinted nyob rau hauv 2005. Qhov tseeb, nws yog thawj zoo biography ntawm tus tsim ntawm lub xeev Moscow, uas nws contemporaries hu ua lub Tatar neeg dawb huv. Tus kws sau ntawv, tau kawm txhua kauj ruam ntawm tus tub huabtais, hu ua nws txawj ntse, tag nrho nws lub neej mob siab rau ua tiav lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov ntseeg thiab tus kav.

Nyob rau xyoo 1999, Moscow State University publishing tsev luam tawm ib qho kev kawm los ntawm ib tug kws tshawb fawb txog kev nom kev tswv ntawm Moscow princes, ua tsaug rau nws tau los ua ib tug laureate ntawm Metropolitan Macarius nqi zog. Tsib xyoos tom qab, Young Guard tau luam tawm ib phau ntawv nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm hais txog lub neej nyob rau hnub ua ntej ntawm lub ntiaj teb kawg. Tom qab lub npe intriguing yog heev scientific kev tshawb fawb: nyob rau hauv medieval Russia nws tau txiav txim siab tias nyob rau hauv 1492 lub xeem.xyoo txhiab. Tus kws sau ntawv paub zoo hais txog lub sijhawm no, kev ua haujlwm thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tos txog hnub kawg.

Nikolai Borisov cov phau ntawv "Sergius ntawm Radonezh", "Dmitry Donskoy", "Ivan III" thiab ntau lwm tus tau los ua cov ntaub ntawv nrov. Kev coj tus cwj pwm zoo li kev tsa nto lossis kev txaj muag ntawm tus kheej, cov neeg nyeem pom nrog kev txaus siab tias tus tub huabtais, lub npe menyuam yaus Donskoy, tus neeg dawb huv, tsis yog tus neeg zoo tagnrho. Tus xibfwb, tso siab rau txhua hnub, rov qab los hauv phau ntawv ib daim duab ntawm lub neej ntawm Russia nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th, qhov chaw uas nws tau piav qhia nyob rau hauv kom meej thiab objectively lub neej ntawm tub huabtais Dmitry Donskoy ntawm Moscow.

Lub neej ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Michael ntawm Tver, uas tau tswj hwm kom kov yeej Mongols ntawm Horde, tau sau los ntawm Nikolai Borisov hauv phau ntawv "Mikhail ntawm Tver" hauv ZhZL series. Raws li ob peb cov ntaub ntawv, nws ua tib zoo rov qab kho cov duab ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm Tver thiab Moscow rau qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th. Kuv pom thiab kawm cov ntaub ntawv ua tim khawv txog kev tua tus tub huabtais hauv Horde. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, Mikhail ntawm Tverskoy tau canonized raws li ib tug neeg dawb huv, tab sis ob peb tus neeg paub txog nws thaum lub sij hawm lub xyoo ntawm Soviet txoj cai. Tus kws sau ntawv sau qhov khoob hauv kev paub txog kev ntseeg txog hnub nyoog ntawm cov neeg tsis ntseeg Vajtswv.

Tus tuav ntawm qhov tseeb keeb kwm

Txojsia ntawm tus xibhwb niaj hnub no zoo heev thiab muaj ntau yam. Koj tuaj yeem so ntawm koj cov laurels, tab sis rau nws keeb kwm tsis ua haujlwm, tab sis lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej. Nws yog ib tug kws pab tswv yim nyob rau hauv ib tug documentary zaj duab xis txog Dmitry Donskoy. Ntawm Christmas Nyeem Ntawv, nws hais txog cov cai rau kev sau cov duab kos duab nrog cov ntsiab lus keeb kwm lossis kev ntseeg. Piv txwv li, cov duab ntawm Alexander Nevsky los yog Kalita tsis tau muaj sia nyob rau peb lub sijhawm, vim yogCov ntaub ntawv tsis tshua muaj feem ntau tsis nkag siab txog qhov kev txhawb siab ntawm lawv qhov kev ua, tab sis nws tsis tso cai los kos, sau thiab tshuaj xyuas rau lub hom phiaj ntawm zaj dab neeg.

Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav xyoo 2018, Borisov qhia txog Ivan III ntawm lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Keeb Kwm. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 2018, Nikolai Sergeevich nyeem tsab ntawv ceeb toom "Keeb kwm yog qhov nco ntawm tib neeg" ntawm lub rooj sib tham thoob ntiaj teb kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv tswv yim hauv Belarus. Ib me ntsis dhau los ntawm xov tooj cua "VERA" nyob rau hauv keeb kwm teev tham txog kev ua ntawm Ivan Kalita.

Nikolay Borisov - tus neeg xaiv tsa rau qhov khoom plig Enlightener, tus yeej ntawm Bastion khoom plig, tus tswv cuab ntawm pawg kws tshaj lij ntawm kev ntseeg hauv kev kawm tiav qib siab thiab kws kho mob ntawm Orthodox University, Thawj Tswj Hwm Academy. Tus xibfwb qhia ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv, npaj cov kws kho mob tshiab ntawm kev tshawb fawb, txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv cov hmoov av ntawm ntau pua xyoo kom tau txais cov nplej ntawm qhov tseeb qhov tseeb los ntawm qhov ntawd.